This document provides an overview of coronary heart disease (CHD) genetics and risk factors. It discusses that CHD is usually multifactorial, caused by an interaction of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. While some monogenic forms exist, like familial hypercholesterolemia, most CHD has a polygenic basis where numerous gene variants each contribute small increases in risk. A strong family history of early-onset CHD is an important risk factor, with risk increasing based on the number and closeness of affected relatives. Genetic testing currently has limited clinical utility for predicting CHD risk compared to family history assessment.
RNA interference (RNAi): Cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a dsRNA with a strand complementary to a fragment of such mRNA.
A lysosomal storage disease caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine.
"Epigenetics refers to genetic factors that change an organism’s appearance or biological functions without changing the actual DNA sequence. In other words, gene expression changes but the genes themselves don’t. Epigenetics adds an additional level of complexity to the genetic code." - Public Health Cafe
Introduction
Cre-lox recombination
Cre-lox system- Cre recombinase , loxP site
FLP-FRT recombination
FLP-FRT system- FLP recombinase , FRT site
Mechanism of Cre-lox and FLP-FRT recombination
Binding
Synapsis , cleavage and strand exchange
Three type of arrangement
Inversion
Translocation/ Insersion
Deletion
Application of Cre-lox and FLP-FRT recombination
Disadvantage of FLP-FRT
Advantage and disadvantage of Cre-lox
Conclusion
References
RNA interference (RNAi): Cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a dsRNA with a strand complementary to a fragment of such mRNA.
A lysosomal storage disease caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine.
"Epigenetics refers to genetic factors that change an organism’s appearance or biological functions without changing the actual DNA sequence. In other words, gene expression changes but the genes themselves don’t. Epigenetics adds an additional level of complexity to the genetic code." - Public Health Cafe
Introduction
Cre-lox recombination
Cre-lox system- Cre recombinase , loxP site
FLP-FRT recombination
FLP-FRT system- FLP recombinase , FRT site
Mechanism of Cre-lox and FLP-FRT recombination
Binding
Synapsis , cleavage and strand exchange
Three type of arrangement
Inversion
Translocation/ Insersion
Deletion
Application of Cre-lox and FLP-FRT recombination
Disadvantage of FLP-FRT
Advantage and disadvantage of Cre-lox
Conclusion
References
Seminar on classification of Congenital structural heart defects, presented by: Dr. Mohammed Hamadameen at Rapareen teaching hospital for board students.
Heart disease describes a variety of conditions that affect the coronary heart. Diseases underneath the coronary heart sickness umbrella consist of blood vessel diseases, together with coronary artery disorder, heart rhythm problems arrhythmias and heart defects, human beings are born with congenital heart defects , among others. If the heart disorder isnt recognized at an early stage, the patient's situation might get worsened and for that reason endanger his life. Therefore, this software program is evolved in order to research the patient check details and give an evaluation as to whether or not the affected person is healthful or requires remedy for heart disorder by giving the intensity of patient's heart situation because the result. Prof. Vikrant Chole | Karishma V. Bagde "Heart Disease Analysis System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31070.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/31070/heart-disease-analysis-system/prof-vikrant-chole
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Coronary Heart Disease
1. Coronary Heart Disease Genetics: An Overview Amy Sturm, MS, CGC Certified Genetic Counselor Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Human Genetics Amy Sturm discloses significant financial interests or other relationships with commercial interests in the following areas: Consultant/Speaker Bureau: Berkeley HeartLab. Presentation will not include discussion of commercial products or services and will not include unapproved or off-label usage of a commercial product or device. The following planning committee members have no significant financial interests or relationships with commercial interests to disclose, their educational unit does not have a financial interest or affiliation with an organization that may receive direct benefit from the subject of the proposed CME activity, and they will not be personally compensated for their role in the planning or execution of this proposed CME activity by an organization other than The Ohio State University: Amy Ehrlich, MA and Henry Zheng, PhD, MBA
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13. Familial Risk Stratification MI d. 85 MI d. 85 CAD dx. 67 MI dx. 53 MI d. 85 Diabetes dx. 45 Weak Risk Moderate Risk Strong Risk Published Risk Stratification Guidelines in Scheuner MT. Genet Med 2003 CAD dx. 67
14. Risk for Early-Onset CHD Given Familial CHD Risk and Number of CVD Risk Factors CVD risk factors = diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and obesity Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity/race, educational level, income, and marital status. Adapted from Table 4, Scheuner MT et al. Genet Med 2006 Familial CHD Risk Three or more n=376 OR a (95% CI) Two n=740 OR a (95% CI) One n=1203 OR a (95% CI) None n=1716 OR a (95% CI) Strong (n=1273) 62.2 (18.5-209.1) 48.6 (14.8-160.0) 17.9 (5.3-61.0) 4.3 (1.1-17.6) Moderate (n=471) 24.9 (5.2-119.7) 27.8 (7.2-106.8) 2.1 (0.21-20.0) 3.6 (0.6-21.9) Weak (n=2291) 16.5 (4.4-61.2) 12.6 (3.6-44.4) 3.7 (1.0-13.9) 1.0 (referent)
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18. Case Example: Is This Woman at Increased Risk? d. 47 Heart Attack P Breast ca dx 35 40 35 61 d. 6 mo SIDS 10
19. Expanding the Pedigree… d. 47 Heart Attack P Breast ca dx 35 40 35 61 d. 6 mo SIDS 10 65 CABGx3, 62 Non-smoker 67 DM dx 55 HTN dx 45 d. 61 Heart attack Now what???
20. Familial Risk for Patient: Strong d. 47 Heart Attack P Breast ca dx 35 40 35 61 d. 6 mo SIDS 10 65 CABGx3, 62 Non-smoker 67 DM dx 55 HTN dx 45 d. 61 Heart attack
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23. Family History as a Guide for Early Detection and Prevention Modified from Scheuner MT. Genet Med 2003 Collect family history every 1-2 years High Moderate Average Possible Mendelian disorder? Assessment of established and emerging CHD risk factors every 1-2 yrs Consider early detection strategies every 2-3 yrs beginning 10 yrs before earliest CHD onset in family Provide personalized prevention strategies tailored to CHD risk factors and presence of subclinical disease Identify at-risk relatives Assessment of established CHD risk factors every 2-3 yrs If multiple risk factors identified, assign high risk Provide personalized prevention strategies tailored to CHD risk factors Assessment of established CHD risk factors every 5 yrs Provide public health prevention messages
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Editor's Notes
Set C1 – Title Slide
Why is font blue? Are the title fonts supposed to be calibri? Some slides have body font as calibri, some have it as Arial
Set A1 – Content Slide
While CHD is not caused by a single gene in most individuals, there are more than 30 single-gene, Mendelian disorders that feature CHD and/or MI. Tests for many of these disorders are available and include DNA-based tests and biochemical analyses. These conditions generally are associated with a substantial risk for coronary disease and heart attack at young ages, and should be included in the differential diagnosis for a family being seen with early onset CHD and MI.
The familial dyslipidemias are an important subset of conditions that increase risk for premature CHD. Spacing between major bullets might help
Gap between title and body is too less
The color of title is different than on previous slides. Again, gap between title and body is too less
Check title color. Check Bullet font size
Same comment as prev slides
Gap between title and body Body font size
A recent study evaluated the impact on risk of additional family history beyond FDRs with early-onset CHD and found many additional significant associations, shown here as odds ratios, between additional family history characteristics and a personal history of early-onset CHD. This group used data from the national HealthStyles 2003 survey to assess associations between self-reported family history and personal history of early-onset CHD (diagnosed at or before age 60 years). These numbers are adjusted for demographic factors and self-reports of hypercholesterolemia, HTN, and obesity. 4035 respondents, 60% female, 72% white, mean age 48.8 years
Also, stratification into average (or weak), moderate, and high (or strong)-risk groups is possible, taking into consideration the degree of relatedness of the affected relatives, the ages of diagnosis, and the number of affected relatives. For example, this is a weak risk family with just one 2 nd degree relative affected at a later age, a moderate risk family with two 2 nd degree relatives affected at later ages, and a strong risk family with one 1 st degree relative affected at an early age, as well as two 2 nd degree relatives affected at later ages.
Also using data from the HealthStyles 2003 Survey, Scheuner et al. have published odds ratios for early-onset CHD given different combinations of level of familial risk, strong, moderate or weak and different numbers of CVD risk factors, which included diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, HTN, and obesity. Weak familial risk plus no other condition was the referent group. Early-onset CHD risk increased exponentially as the number of CVD risk factors and familial risk increased. Strong familial risk plus 3 or more risk factors was associated with a 62.2-fold increase in early-onset CHD risk compared with the referent group.
In order to assess familial risk for CHD in the clinical setting, personal and family history characteristics of genetic susceptibility to CHD have been determined. These include [Read slide].
Refer to a local cardiac genetic counselor or when that’s not possible, refer to a local preventative cardiologist. The components of a genetic evaluation for an individual referred because of concern due to a personal or family history of atherosclerosis include [Read slide].
CHD develops as a result of the interplay between an individual’s environment and their genetic predisposition, therefore any genetic test to predict CHD must include such interactions in the algorithm.
Set A1 – Content Slide
Set A1 – Content Slide
So, our proband has a strong familial risk for CHD.
Set A1 – Content Slide
Follow-up with our proband and her family showed that our proband [Read slide].
Set A1 – Content Slide
Regarding Michos study: They studied 102 asymptomatic women (mean age 51) who were the sisters of a proband hospitalized with documented premature CHD. 98% were at low risk according to FRE. Based on CAC score percentiles 32% had significant subclinical atherosclerosis and 17% ranked above the 90 th percentile. Sisters of probands with premature CHD appear to be a high-risk group and may warrant non-invasive screening for subclinical disease to appropriately target individuals for more aggressive primary preventive therapy. Other studies have had similar findings.
![Some Facts about CHD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics — 2009 Update, American Heart Association](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)