Basic information about covid 19

1. Novel Corona virus (CoVID-19)
PREPARED BY:
DHIRAJ MISHRA

2. Presentation Flow
 Introduction
 Infection process
 How vaccines help immune system
 List of developing vaccine
 treatments

3. Introduction
 Corona virus is the group of related viruses
that Couse disease in mammals and other
animals.
 The virus that causes COVID-19 is
Designated severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2)
 Corona virus belong to corona viridea,
they are enveloped viruses with single
standard RNA genome & nucleocapsid of
helical symmetry

4. Infection process
Step:1 The virus can spread person to
person within 6 feet though cough and
sneezes . It’s also possible for the virus
to remain on a surface or object, be
transferred by touch and enter the
body through the mouth, nose or eyes.
Step:2 The patient begins to
experience mild version of
symptoms: dry cough, shortness
of breath, fever and headache
and muscle pain and tiredness,
comparable to the flu.
Step:3 The virus trekking down the windpipe and
entering the lower respiratory tract, where it
seems to prefer growing. As the virus continues to
replicate and journeys further down the windpipe
and into the lung, it can cause more respiratory
problems like bronchitis and pneumonia

5. Infection process
Step:4 When pneumonia occurs, the thin layer of
alveolar cells is damaged by the virus. The body
reacts by sending immune cells to the lung to fight
it off.
"And that results in the linings becoming thicker
than normal," he said. "As they thicken more and
more, they essentially choke off the little air pocket,
which is what you need to get the oxygen to your
blood
Step:5 Restricting oxygen to the bloodstream
deprives other major organs of oxygen
including the liver, kidney and brain.
In a small number of severe cases that can
develop into acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), which requires a patient be
placed on a ventilator to supply oxygen.

6. How vaccines help your immune system
Step-1: Our immune system keeps us well by recognizing the
difference between healthy and harmful cells.
A virus content strip of ribonucleic acid (RNA) inside a
spherical protein capsule that is covered in spikes. The spikes
lock on to receptors on the surface of cells . the same type of
receptor in both cases – allowing the virus to break into the
cell. Once inside, it hijacks the cell’s reproductive machinery to
produce more copies of itself, before breaking out of the cell
again and killing it in the process.
Step-2: when harmful pathogens invade and start to reproduce,
your immune system recognizes them by their shapes. The
pathogens have antigens, which are special proteins that trigger
an attack from your body’s immune system. Immune systems
aren't perfect. In some patients, they respond to infections with
an overreaction that causes inflammation in the lungs, a condition
known as acute respiratory distress syndrome. This has been seen
in flu and coronavirus patients

7. How vaccines help your immune system
Step-3: when You get vaccinated by being injected with a safe
variation of a pathogen. That mimics an infection. You don’t get sick,
though some recipients may get minor symptoms like a mild fever, but
your white blood cells produce antibodies to fight that pathogen like a
real threat.
Step-4: These antibodies attach to antigens on the pathogens and
prevent pathogens from invading other cells. Antibodies signal other
white blood cells, which kill and remove the pathogens. Vaccines
speed up the process by making the immune system believe it’s being
attacked. After a vaccine primes your immune system, a number of
white blood cells called memory cells are ready to make antibodies if
the real pathogens attack.

8. List of developing vaccine
Developer Plateform Type of candidate vaccine Current Stage of clinical
evaluation
Inovio Pharmaceuticals DNA DNA plasmid vaccine Electroporation device Pre-Clinical
Zydus Cadila DNA DNA plasmid vaccine Pre-Clinical
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Non- Replicating Viral Vector Ad26 Pre-Clinical
University of Oxford Non- Replicating Viral Vector ChAdOx1 Pre-Clinical
BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer RNA mRNA Pre-Clinical
Curevac RNA mRNA Pre-Clinical
Novavax Protein Subunit Full length S trimers/ nanoparticle + Matrix M Pre-Clinical
CanSino Biological Inc Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adenovirus Type 5 Vector Phase 1
Moderna/NIAID RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA Phase 1
Sinovac Inactivated Formaldehyde-inactivated + alum Pre-Clinical
Codagenix/Serum Institute of India Live Attenuated Virus Deoptimized live attanuated vaccines Pre-Clinical
These documents have been prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) for
information purposes only concerning the 2019-2020 global of the novel corona virus.
more than 42 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation ,few of them given in below table .

9. Treatment
 There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-19, and no vaccine is
currently available.
 The treatment is symptomatic, and oxygen therapy represents the major treatment
intervention for patients with severe infection.
 Although no antiviral treatments have been approved, several approaches have been
proposed such as lopinavir /ritonavir (400/100 mg every 12 hours), chloroquine (500 mg
every 12 hours), and hydroxyl chloroquine (200 mg every 12 hours). Alpha-interferon (e.g., 5
million units by aerosol inhalation twice per day) is also used.

10. Thank YOU