3. INTRODUCTION
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that infect
both animals and humans.
Human coronaviruses can cause mild disease
similar to a common cold, while others cause
more severe disease MERS & SARS.
MERS-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Six genera-alphacorona,betacorona,
gammacorona deltacorona ,bafinivirus, torovirus
4. Human Coronavirus- belongs to
Alphacoronavirus
(229E,NL63) .
Betacoronavirus(SARS,MERS,OC43,HKU1)
Four structural proteins –
(a)Nucleocapsid (N) phosphoprotein.
(b)Membrane (M) glycoprotein embedded in the
lipid bilayer.
(c)Spike (S) glycoprotein that makes the petal
shaped peplomers.
(d)Small envelope (E) protein.
6. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense
single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid
of helical symmetry.
The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from
approximately 26 to 32 kilobases ,the largest for
an RNA virus.
Zoonotic diseases: Some coronaviruses that are
found in animals can infect humans-there are
known as zoonotic diseases.
8. HOW CORONAVIRUSES
CAME ?
Corona virus spread in human through animals.
Possibilities to it may came from various animals
like snake,camels, cattle, cats,and bats ,seafood
Rarely ,animal coronaviruses can infect people
and then spread between people such as with
MERS,SERS and now with 2019-nCoV.
The 2019 novel coronavirus informally knows as
coronavirus due to first case in Wuhan city.
It is a contagious virus that causes 2019-nCoV
acute respiratory disease ,respiratory infection.
9. TIMELINE OF THE
OUTBREAK
The outbreak was first identified in the city of
Wuhan,Hubei,China in December 2019, and was
recognized as a pandemic by the world Health
Organization (WHO)on 11March 2020.
As of 29 May2020 ,more than 5,920,231cases of
COVID-19 have been reported in at least 213
countries and territories ,resulting in more than
362,365 deaths and 2,592,024 recovered and
2,965,842 active cases.
11. SYMPTOMS
•Commom signs of
infection respiratory
symptoms.
•Fever,cough.
•Shortness of breath
and breathing
difficulties.
•In more severe
cases,infection can
cause
pneumonia,severe
acute respiratory
syndrome, kidney
failure and even
death of patient.
12. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Coronaviruses are spread through air
droplets expelled when an infected individual
coughs or sneezes within a range of about
6m.which can contaminate surface like door
handles or railings.
It can also spread by touching a surface with
the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose
or eyes.close personal contact,and contact
with feces are also known to spread the
disease.
Use towel or cloth when you sneezing.
14. PREVENTION
Stay healthy and protect yourself from infection.
Public awareness and personal hygiene and
sanitation is prime important for all.
Frequently clean hands by using alcohol-based
hand rub or soap water .
Wash hands.
Stay home when you are sick.
Use closed dustbin for such wastage.
Keep personal hygiene.
15. PREVENTION
Avoid unprotected close contact with people
with fever and cough and seek medical care if
you have a fever,cough and difficulty
breathing.
If you become sick while travelling,inform
crew seek medical attention early and share
travel history.
Wear protective gowns, gloves and facial
protection while handling animals and fresh
animal products.
17. LAB DIAGNOSIS
Lymphopenia-50%
Serology test: antibodies
Raised LDH,creatinine kinase, SGOT and
SGPT
Molecular test: to disgnose current infection
saliva nasopharyngeal(NP)
RT-PCR on urine and stool later
Culture on Vero6,LLC-MK2
ELISA,IFAT
PCR(serum,stool)
Plama therapy
18. TREATMENT
There is no specific antiviral treatment .
People infected with 2019 –nCoV should receive
supportive care to help relieve symptoms.
For severe cases,treatment should include care
to support vital organ functions.
It can temporary use antiviral medicine like
Remdesivir,
