In this PowerPoint presentation you can get data about every aspect of COVID-19 disease.I gave every minute important detail in short form so that you can easily get that. Coronavirus disease spread globally and WHO called it as a Pandemic Disease on March 11,2020. in India it is on stage 2,please its my request to everyone stay at Home..Don't Go outside...Government provide everything which is of daily use...Don't Panic...Stay Safe..Stay At Home...Quarantine yourself for somedays.

1. PRESENTED BY-
Sidharth Mehta
Master’s of Pharmacy
(Pharmaceutics)
GURU JAMBHESHWAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,HISAR-125001

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS-
INTRODUCTION
DISCOVERY OF nCoV-2019
MORPHOLOGY OF VIRUS
ENTRY OF VIRUS INTO
HOST CELL
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS
PREVENTION &
MANAGEMENT
MYTH V/S REALITY OF
COVID-19
TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION-
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
-As of March 26,2020, approximatly 476,180 confirmed cases including 21,323 Deaths have been
reported Worldwide, affecting atleast 189 out of 195 countries.
-The WHO’s (WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION) Director-General Tedras Adhanom Ghebreyesus
declared the Coronavirus outbreak as PANDEMIC on March 11,2020.
-The disease was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China, and has since spread globally.
- Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales.
-Virion particle consists of genetic material surrounded by an envelop with protein spikes, this gives it an appearance
of a crown & CROWN in Latin is known as CORONA.

4. - Over the past two decades, two novel coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome
CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV),
have emerged and cause severe human diseases.
- During the epidemic, SARS-CoV infect more than 8000 people worldwide with nearly 800 fatalities,
representing its mortality rate around 10%. Whereas MERS-CoV infected over
857 official cases and 334 deaths, making its mortality rate approximately 35%.
- The virus is typically spread during close contact and via
respiratory droplets produced when people cough or sneeze.
- It may also spread when one touches a contaminated surface
and then their face.
-The virus can live on surfaces up to 72 hours.
-Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally
between two and fourteen days, with an average of five days.

5. DISCOVERY OF nCoV-2019-
-Human coronaviruses were first discovered in the late 1960s.
1) SARS-CoV in 2003,
2) HCoV NL63 in 2004,
3) HKU1 in 2005,
4) MERS-CoV in 2012, and
5) SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as
2019-nCoV) in 2019.
- Most of these have involved
serious respiratory tract infections.

7. MORPHOLOGY OF VIRUS-
- Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.
-The diameter of the virus particles is around 120-125 nm.
- The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins
are anchored. A subset of coronaviruses (specifically the members of betacoronavirus subgroup A)
also have a shorter spike-like surface protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE).
- Inside the envelope, there is the nucleocapsid, which is formed from multiple copies
of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, which are bound to the positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome
in a continuous beads-on-a-string type conformation.
- The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.

9. ENTRY OF VIRUS INTO HOST CELL-
- Infection begins when the viral spike (S) glycoprotein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor.
- After attachment, a protease of the host cell cleaves and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.
- Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and activation allows the virus to enter the host cell
by endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.
- On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its genome enters the cell cytoplasm.
- The coronavirus RNA genome has a 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ polyadenylated tail,
which allows the RNA to attach to the host cell's ribosome for translation.
- The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping open reading frame of the virus genome
and forms a long polyprotein.
- The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.

11. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS-
- Those infected with the virus may develop flu-like symptoms,
including fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
- Emergency symptoms include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain
or pressure, confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips;
immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.
Symptom %
Fever 87.9
Dry cough 67.7
Fatigue 38.1
Sputum production 33.4
Loss of
smell and taste
30 to 66
Shortness of breath 18.6
Muscle or joint pain 14.8
Sore throat 13.9
Headache 13.6
Chills 11.4
Nausea or vomiting
Nasal congestion 4.8
Diarrhoea 3.7 to 31
Haemoptysis 0.9
Conjunctival conges
tion
0.8

13. DIAGNOSIS-
-The WHO has issued various testing procedures for diagnosis of COVID-19:-
1) Specimen Collection-
• Upper respiratory specimens: nasopharyngeal and
oropharyngeal swab.
• Lower respiratory specimens: sputum (if produced) or endotracheal aspirate or
bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with more severe
respiratory disease.
2) Packaging and shipment of clinical specimens-
• Specimens for virus detection should reach the laboratory as soon as possible after collection.
• Correct handling of specimens during transportation is essential.
• Specimens that can be delivered promptly to the laboratory can be stored and shipped at 2-8°C.

14. 3) Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for COVID-19 virus-
• Routine confirmation of cases of COVID-19 is based on detection of unique sequences of virus RNA
by NAAT such as real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)
with confirmation by nucleic acid sequencing when necessary.
• The viral genes targeted so far include the N, E, S and RdRP genes.

15. 4) Serological testing –
In cases where NAAT assays are negative and there is a strong epidemiological link to
COVID-19 infection, paired serum samples could support diagnosis once validated
serology tests are available.
5) Viral sequencing –
In addition to providing confirmation of the
presence of the virus, regular sequencing of a
percentage of specimens from clinical cases can be
useful to monitor for viral genome mutations that
might affect the performance of medical
countermeasures, including diagnostic tests.
6) Viral culture-
Virus isolation is not recommended as a routine
diagnostic procedure.

16. -There’s currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
- You can protect yourself and help prevent spreading the virus to others if you:
Do-
1) Wash your hands regularly for 20 seconds, with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.
2) Cover your nose and mouth with a disposable tissue or flexed elbow when you cough or sneeze.
3) Avoid close contact (1 meter or 3 feet) with people who are unwell.
4) Stay home and self-isolate from others in the household if you feel unwell.
Don't-
1) Touch your eyes, nose, or mouth if your hands are not clean.
2) Go outside if you’r feeling unwell.
PREVENTION & MANAGEMENT-

19. TREATMENT-
-Scientists are endeavoring to find drugs to treat this disease.
- Research thus far has revealed more than 30 agents including Western medicines, natural products, and
traditional Chinese medicines that may have potential efficacy against COVID-19.
- Some of these agents have been quickly tested in clinical studies and demonstrated
preliminary efficacy against COVID-19.
-Antivirals including interferon α (IFN-α), lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine phosphate, ribavirin,
and arbidol have been included in the latest version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
of Novel Coronavirus-induced Pneumonia issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the
People’s Republic of China for tentative treatment of COVID-19.