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Corona
This document discusses corona (COVID-19), including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, transmission, complications, medical management, nursing management, nursing diagnoses, and prevention methods. Corona is an inflammatory airway disease caused by the corona virus, characterized by dry cough, breathing difficulty, and fever. It can range from mild to severe and even cause death. Prevention focuses on hand washing, covering coughs, quarantine of travelers, and social distancing. Treatment involves supportive care like oxygen and antiviral medications.
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Corona
- 1. Corona Presented By- AtulYadav (RN,RM)
- 2. Definition:- • It isan inflammatory disease of airway caused by corona virus characterized by dry cough, breathing difficulty, sneezing, high grade fever.
- 3. Cause / Aetiology:- Coronavirus (COVID-19) • Risk Factors :- • a. Urban Living • b. Regular use of NSAIDs • c. Continuous smoking • d. Age more than 50 years • e. URI(Upper Respiratory infection) • f. AIDS • g. Malnutrition and Dehydration • h. Immune suppressive therapy, e.g.,Corticosteroid • i. Low immunity
- 4. cont… • j. ChronicDisease :- • 1. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) • 2. Heart disease • 3. Lung disease • 4. Renal disease • k. Infant and children less than 10 years • l. HIV Infection • m. Immuno-suppressive client • n. COPD
- 5. Clinical Manifestation :- •In early stage :- It may be free from any type of symptoms. • In lateral stage :- Some symptoms present :- • a. Fatigue • b. Malaise • c. Anorexia • d. Low grade fever • e. Cough (Dry cough) • f. Dry mouth
- 6. Cont… • In acutestage :- • a. High grade fever • b. Breathing difficulty • c. Excessive production of dry cough • d. Chest pain • e. Hypoxia • f. HTN • g. Sore throat
- 7. Cont… • In chronicstage :- • a. High grade fever • b. Dyspnoea • c. Sever Chest pain • d. HTN • e. Severe Dehydration • f. Kidney failure
- 8. Cont… • Other symptoms:- • a. Sweating • b. Cynosis (In chronic stage) • c. Rapid pulse • d. Increase respiratory rate • e. Headache • f. Weight loss • g. Weakness • h. Increased WBC
- 9. Pathophysiology :- • Notspecific pathophysiology yet. • Pathophysiology are similar to Pneumonia and T.B.
- 10. Diagnostic Evaluation :- •Conform diagnostic evaluation are not found • a. History collection • b. Signs and symptoms • c. Swab culture of nasopharynx • d. Serum immunoglobuin findings • e. B-cell count • f. T-cell count • g. Virus isolation • h. T4 cells and T8 cells
- 11. Mode of Transmissionof corona :- • Rate of transmission of corona virus is very high that’s why it affect the whole world in very less time . • a. Direct Contact (Hand shake) • b. Droplet Infection (Sneezing, talking)
- 12. Complication of corona:- • a. Respiratory failure • b. Cardiac arrest • c. Super infection (Pericarditis) • d. Chronic pneumonia • e. Pulmonary hypertension • f. Even death (Motility rate is low)
- 13. Medical Management (Asprescribed by physician) :- • There is no specific medical management only supporting measures are given. • Note :- For male patient of corona male sex hormone Testosterone also can give good result because it give strength to muscles of all body and enhance the immunity response. • a. Antiviral agent, e.g., • --Zanamivir , oseltamivir • b. Bronchodilator (Beta-agonist), e.g., • -- Salbutamol, Albuterol • c. Xanthine derivatives, e.g, • -- Theophylline , Aminophylline • d. Anticholinergic, e.g., • -- Ipratropium
- 14. Cont… • e. Leukotrienereceptor antagonist, e.g, • -- Montelukast , Zafirlukast • f. Mast cell stabilizers, e.g., • -- Cromolyn sodium • g. Analgesics , e.g., • -- Nimuslide , PCM • h. Mucolytics, e.g., • -- Ambroxol, Bromhexine • i. Chest physiotherapy • g. Oxygen and suction if needed
- 15. Nursing Management :- •Assessment :- • a. Take history of patient • b. Assess for any sign and symptoms • c. Assess risk of getting infection to patient • d. If there is any symptoms or risk than give appropriate management • e. Assess the patient that he made contact with other client f . Presence, characteristics of any dry cough and dyspnoea.
- 16. Nursing Diagnosis :- •a. Hyperthermia related to disease condition • b. Acute chest pain • c. Breathing difficulty • d. Impaired gas exchange • e. Knowledge defecate • f. Anxiety • g. Reduce infection • h. Electrolyte imbalance
- 17. Health Education tospread of corona :- • Standard recommendations to prevent infection spread include regular hand washing, • Covering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, • Thoroughly cooking meat and eggs. • Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezing. • Drink adequate amount of warm water.
- 18. Cont… • Eating adiet rich in nutrients, such as vitamins A, C and E, can also help your body fight off majority of illnessess. • Dairy products such as milk, yogurt, cheese, • Meat, • Fish, • Poultry, Eggs, • Nuts, • Beans, • Vegetables, • Fruits, • Bread and • Cereals
- 19. PREVENTION METHODS :- 1.All health care facilities and medical colleges should set up required laboratory facilities and detect all cases of corona like illnesses. 2. Isolation and treatment facilities for positive corona cases at selected hospitals. 3. The health status of air passengers who travelled with co-passengers who were subsequently confirmed as cases of corona should be monitored. 4. Quarantine of airline passengers arriving from foreign countries with or with out symptoms.
- 20. Cont… • 5. Airlinesshould upgrade sanitary measures like cabin disinfection, installation of air filters, etc., to minimize the risk of transmission from infected to healthy passengers during the flight. They should ensure that in-flight staffs wear mask, gloves and hats and disposable overcoats. After the flight ends, they should ensure that used pillows, blankets, headset covers and headrest covers, are cleaned and ironed.
- 21. Cont… • 6. Peopleat large should follow the following rules to avoid getting infected with the corona virus. • (a) Cover the nose and mouth with the handkerchief or the sleeve when coughing or sneezing. • (b) Use a tissue for cleaning/blowing the nose, wrap it up in a sheet of paper and dispose it off. • (c) Clean the hands after coughing or sneezing, after using a tissue, after disposing off the mask, or after touching any surface with which numerous people come into contact. Clean hands with alcohol-based hand cleaner, if available. Otherwise wash hands with soap and water. • (d) Avoid handshaking, kissing and other social rituals that involve touching others. • (e) Avoid people gathering. • (f) Make social distancing.