Coral reefs; an Introduction
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As part of our World Oceans Day celebration we created presentations designed to raise environmental awareness for key areas of our planet! This one is dedicated to Coral Reefs. Images referenced within.
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Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by living organisms and are home to 25% of ocean species, yet they are at severe risk. Coral reefs provide many benefits like fisheries, shoreline protection, tourism, and medicines, valued at $233 billion to $1.3 trillion annually. However, threats from overfishing, pollution, disease, bleaching due to warming oceans, and ocean acidification have already damaged many reefs and are projected to severely damage most reefs by 2050 if issues are not addressed.
Corals
Corals are endangered marine animals that build reef structures. They are threatened by illegal poaching, overfishing, pollution, and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Ten critically endangered coral species are highlighted, including elkhorn coral which has declined 90-95% in the Florida Keys. Conservation efforts aim to protect these corals and reef ecosystems by reducing threats and educating people on sustainable practices like not touching or walking on reefs.
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Coral reefs are ecosystems in warm tropical waters that are home to thousands of marine species. Coral is actually an animal made up of tiny coral polyps that live in colonies and build the calcium carbonate skeleton that forms reefs. Coral polyps get their energy primarily from algae called zooxanthellae that live inside their tissues. Coral reefs are important habitats that support a high level of biodiversity and provide food and protection to coastal regions, but they are threatened by climate change, pollution, and other human impacts. A wide variety of plants and animals including fish, sponges, clams, and sharks all make their homes on coral reefs.
Coral Reef Ecosystem - Background Information
Coral reefs are formed by coral polyps, which are small marine invertebrates related to jellyfish and anemones. Coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate to build protective structures called coralites. Over time, the accumulation of coralites forms three types of reef structures: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs separated from shorelines by lagoons, and atolls surrounding central lagoons. Coral reefs provide habitat for many species but are threatened by rising water temperatures and pollution.
Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are underwater structures made up of stony coral polyp skeletons that are home to many tiny fish and organisms. They only cover about 1% of the ocean but are important ecosystems. Coral reefs are built by corals called scleractinians and are usually located in tropical waters. They can be threatened by human activities but are economically valuable, protecting coastlines and supporting tourism. The largest and most famous reefs are Australia's Great Barrier Reef and Indonesia's Raja Ampat Reef.
Intro to Corals
The document provides an introduction to corals and coral reefs. It discusses the largest coral reef structure, the Great Barrier Reef, and explains that corals are made up of living polyps that contain photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae. This mutualism between corals and zooxanthellae is key to the formation and diversity of coral reefs. However, coral reefs are now threatened by bleaching events and other human and environmental stressors that disrupt this relationship.
Coral Reefs
This presentation is for my school assessment on global environments. I chose coral reefs. My project explains coral reefs and the geographical processes involved with it as well.
Importance of coral reefs & its properties
As these corals grow and die, they leave behind their calcium carbonate skeletons. On these skeletons, other corals grow. As the year’s passes, walls of coral begin to form: massive walls of rock (Kleypas, 1999).
As the waves and currents beat upon these reefs, nooks, crannies, ledges and caverns form in these walls. Just as there are different types of corals, there are different types of coral reefs. The three major types of reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls(Langdon,2000).Like coral reefs , sponges are also a wonderful resource, which has immense applications (Sreeremya et al.,2018).
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Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by living organisms and are home to 25% of ocean species, yet they are at severe risk. Coral reefs provide many benefits like fisheries, shoreline protection, tourism, and medicines, valued at $233 billion to $1.3 trillion annually. However, threats from overfishing, pollution, disease, bleaching due to warming oceans, and ocean acidification have already damaged many reefs and are projected to severely damage most reefs by 2050 if issues are not addressed.
Corals
Corals are endangered marine animals that build reef structures. They are threatened by illegal poaching, overfishing, pollution, and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Ten critically endangered coral species are highlighted, including elkhorn coral which has declined 90-95% in the Florida Keys. Conservation efforts aim to protect these corals and reef ecosystems by reducing threats and educating people on sustainable practices like not touching or walking on reefs.
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Coral reefs are ecosystems in warm tropical waters that are home to thousands of marine species. Coral is actually an animal made up of tiny coral polyps that live in colonies and build the calcium carbonate skeleton that forms reefs. Coral polyps get their energy primarily from algae called zooxanthellae that live inside their tissues. Coral reefs are important habitats that support a high level of biodiversity and provide food and protection to coastal regions, but they are threatened by climate change, pollution, and other human impacts. A wide variety of plants and animals including fish, sponges, clams, and sharks all make their homes on coral reefs.
Coral Reef Ecosystem - Background Information
Coral reefs are formed by coral polyps, which are small marine invertebrates related to jellyfish and anemones. Coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate to build protective structures called coralites. Over time, the accumulation of coralites forms three types of reef structures: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs separated from shorelines by lagoons, and atolls surrounding central lagoons. Coral reefs provide habitat for many species but are threatened by rising water temperatures and pollution.
Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are underwater structures made up of stony coral polyp skeletons that are home to many tiny fish and organisms. They only cover about 1% of the ocean but are important ecosystems. Coral reefs are built by corals called scleractinians and are usually located in tropical waters. They can be threatened by human activities but are economically valuable, protecting coastlines and supporting tourism. The largest and most famous reefs are Australia's Great Barrier Reef and Indonesia's Raja Ampat Reef.
Intro to Corals
The document provides an introduction to corals and coral reefs. It discusses the largest coral reef structure, the Great Barrier Reef, and explains that corals are made up of living polyps that contain photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae. This mutualism between corals and zooxanthellae is key to the formation and diversity of coral reefs. However, coral reefs are now threatened by bleaching events and other human and environmental stressors that disrupt this relationship.
Coral Reefs
This presentation is for my school assessment on global environments. I chose coral reefs. My project explains coral reefs and the geographical processes involved with it as well.
Importance of coral reefs & its properties
As these corals grow and die, they leave behind their calcium carbonate skeletons. On these skeletons, other corals grow. As the year’s passes, walls of coral begin to form: massive walls of rock (Kleypas, 1999).
As the waves and currents beat upon these reefs, nooks, crannies, ledges and caverns form in these walls. Just as there are different types of corals, there are different types of coral reefs. The three major types of reefs are fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls(Langdon,2000).Like coral reefs , sponges are also a wonderful resource, which has immense applications (Sreeremya et al.,2018).
Coral taxonomy
This document provides information on the taxonomy of corals. It begins by introducing the phylum Cnidaria, which includes corals. It then describes key characteristics of Cnidaria and provides a classification system, dividing the phylum into four classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, and Cubozoa. Most of the document focuses on describing the class Anthozoa, which contains corals and is further divided into subclasses and orders. For each group, example genera are provided. Key characteristics and taxonomic groups of important soft coral orders are also summarized.
Great barrier reef presentation
The document provides an overview of the threats facing biodiversity in the Great Barrier Reef due to factors like climate change, pollution, overfishing, and natural disasters. It discusses the endangered species in the reef and the causes of their endangerment. Solutions discussed include the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority's management plans, Outlook Report, Biodiversity Strategy, and Reef Water Protection Plan, which aim to protect species and their habitats in the reef.
Threats to Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide habitat for many species and economic benefits but they are globally threatened. The main threats to coral reefs are both natural disturbances like hurricanes, tsunamis and bleaching events as well as numerous human activities such as overfishing, coastal development, pollution and climate change. These human impacts compound the effects of natural stressors and put coral reefs at high risk of damage and decline worldwide.
Coral Reefs (Neha & Renuka)
This presentation provides an overview of coral reefs, including their importance, types, threats, and conservation efforts. It discusses the key points that coral reefs are highly biodiverse ecosystems that are economically and environmentally valuable but also face significant threats from climate change, overfishing, pollution, and development. Coral bleaching is highlighted as a major threat associated with rising water temperatures from climate change.
Marine Scoops Guide To Coral Reefs (Part 1/3)
A brief introduction to coral biology, reef formation and coral reproduction. Check out more at www.marinescoop.com and sign up to our weekly newsletter to receive parts II and III as soon as they are released! Part II will cover natural threats to coral reefs, coral bleaching, reef pollution, reef sedimentation, coral reef acidification and coral disease. Part III will cover overexploitation of reefs, destructive fishing practices on reefs, coral reef management and marine protected areas. Feel free to suggest another marine ecosystem to cover!
6 08 collaborative project coral reef ecosystem
Coral reefs are underwater structures made of calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps. They form diverse ecosystems and are home to 25% of marine species. However, coral reefs are fragile and face numerous threats such as climate change, pollution, and overfishing. The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, stretching over 1300 miles off Australia. It supports great biodiversity but also faces risks to its ecosystem. In coral reefs, predators sustain themselves by consuming other organisms classified as prey, maintaining a delicate balance.
Coral reef
The document discusses coral reef biodiversity and the Great Barrier Reef. It describes the Great Barrier Reef as a collection of over 3000 coral reefs off Australia's coast, forming one of the natural wonders of the world. It is home to thousands of species and provides food and jobs to the local economy. However, the reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, ship traffic, and climate change, which have already damaged and killed parts of the reef. The reef ecosystem is highly complex, with coral polyps, fish, sharks, rays, and other species interacting as producers, grazers, predators, and through symbiotic relationships.
Corals and coral reefs
Corals are colonial marine organisms that secrete calcium carbonate and form coral reefs. While corals have no food use for humans, coral reefs serve as important habitat for fish. Some corals attach themselves to rocks and form hard skeletal structures, while others like stony corals are largely composed of limestone. Common corals found in the Philippines include brain coral, mushroom coral, and star corals. Corals are used for decoration, reef and island formation, personal adornment, jewelry, and medicine. Sea anemones belong to the anthozoan class and are used decoratively, while jellyfish are scyphozoans that can be dried, flavored and eaten in some parts of the
Coral reefs theory, types, formation
Coral reefs are built from the limestone skeletons of stony corals and cover around 100,000 square miles globally. They are located in shallow, tropical waters and grow gradually as coral polyps multiply and their skeletons accumulate. There are three main types of reefs - fringing reefs adjacent to land, barrier reefs separated from land by lagoons, and atolls which are ring-shaped reefs surrounding a central lagoon. Reefs support tremendous biodiversity but are threatened by human impacts like pollution, coastal development, overfishing, and climate change which can cause coral bleaching or increase ocean acidification.
Coral ecology ppt
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems formed by coral polyps and algae. They have high biodiversity despite occupying a small area of the ocean. Coral reefs rely on a balanced trophic structure with primary producers like zooxanthellae and algae, herbivores, and top consumers. Imbalances can disrupt the ecosystem. Coral reefs face many threats including climate change, pollution, overfishing, and physical damage. Proper management is needed to protect these valuable and vulnerable ecosystems.
The Great Barrier Reef
This slide show on the Great Barrier Reef shows you some basic knowledge of creatures, coral and the reef!
Types of coral reefs and its distribution
The document summarizes coral reefs, including their structure, types, distribution, and importance. It describes how coral reefs are formed by colonies of coral polyps that secrete calcium carbonate. There are various types of reefs defined by their location in relation to land, including fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. The largest concentrations are found in the Indo-Pacific region, Southeast Asia, and the Great Barrier Reef. Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide coastal protection, support biodiversity, and have significant economic value through tourism and fisheries.
Coral reefs[1]
Coral reefs are made of limestone deposited by corals and other organisms over time. Corals are small animals that live in colonies and secrete calcium carbonate skeletons, building up reef structures. There are three main types of reefs: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs parallel to coastlines, and coral atolls in open water. Coral reefs protect coastlines from waves and storms. They support biodiversity and provide resources for tourism and fishing. However, human activities like coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing threaten coral reefs, with over 10% already destroyed and 60% predicted to be destroyed in the next few decades if threats are not addressed.
Great barrier reef
Corals are colonies of tiny polyp animals that build reef structures by secreting limestone, while also hosting symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae that provide food through photosynthesis. However, when corals experience stress like higher water temperatures, they expel the zooxanthellae in a process called bleaching which can damage or kill the coral. While bleaching stresses corals, recovering is possible if the stressful conditions do not last too long and the corals are able to regain their symbiotic algae.
Coral reef ecosystems
Coral reefs are highly biodiverse ecosystems home to many interdependent species. Corals are composed of calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps in a symbiotic relationship with algae. This relationship provides nutrients to the polyps and gives corals their color. There are two main types of corals - hard corals with rigid skeletons and soft corals without. Coral reefs consist not just of corals but also many other plants and animals that rely on corals for food and shelter. The ecosystem derives its initial energy from sunlight which powers photosynthesis, providing energy that passes through the food web.
Interactions among living things in coral reefs
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems composed mainly of corals, sponges, and algae. In coral reefs:
- Clown fish protects itself from sea anemone stings and in return protects the anemone from other creatures.
- Sea horses reside in seagrass beds near coral reefs.
- Sponges inhabit coral reef holes and damage corals by removing skeleton pieces.
- Corals and sponges compete for space as sessile organisms staying in one place.
- Crown-of-thorns starfish feed on coral polyps.
Plants and animals associates of living reef corals
Plants and animals associates of living reef coralsCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Coral reefs support a huge diversity of plant and animal life. Over 800 hard coral species and 4,000 fish species inhabit coral reefs. Coral reef ecosystems are home to fish, seabirds, sponges, jellyfish, worms, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, sea turtles, sea snakes, and various plant life like seagrasses and mangroves. This diversity includes vertebrates like many fish species, sea snakes, sea turtles, and dugongs as well as invertebrates like sponges, starfish, sea urchins, snails, shrimp, and algae. Coral reefs provide vital habitat for breeding, feedingCoral reefs
This document provides an overview of coral reefs, including:
1) How coral reefs are formed over time as volcanic islands sink beneath the ocean, with fringing reefs forming and eventually becoming barrier reefs or atolls.
2) The different areas that make up a coral reef including the reef surface, off reef shore, reef face, reef flats, and reef lagoon.
3) Examples of animals that live in coral reefs like colorful fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins, and whales.
An Introduction to Coral Reefs
Corals are animals in the phylum Cnidaria that live in colonies. They require warm, tropical waters with sufficient light, salinity, and wave action to build reef structures through calcium carbonate deposition. Reefs support high biodiversity and include zones from the reef crest at the surface down to the drop off. Corals reproduce both sexually through spawning and asexually by budding or fragmentation.
An introduction to coral reefs
Coral reefs are composed of coral animals that build massive calcium skeletons which form the basic framework of the reef. Corals require specific environmental conditions such as warm water temperatures between 18.5-30°C, clear water for photosynthesis, and wave energy. They reproduce both sexually through broadcast spawning and larval settlement, and asexually through budding and fragmentation. Coral reef ecosystems include mangroves, seagrass beds, and lagoons which provide habitat and nursery grounds for many species and cycling of nutrients.
Investigating and modelling the relationship between scuba diver Behaviour an...
Investigating and modelling the relationship between scuba diver Behaviour an...bluetempleconservation
- The document investigates the relationship between scuba diver behavior and coral health by studying diver behavior at reef sites in Malaysia. Questionnaires and observations were used to examine diver contacts with coral before and after an environmental briefing. The results showed diver contacts decreased significantly after the briefing, with improvements in buoyancy, positioning, and keeping fins away from coral. Certain diver attributes like experience and buoyancy control were also correlated with behavior. The study provides recommendations to reduce diver impacts and protect coral reefs.Deep Oceans
The document discusses depths that can be reached in the ocean. It notes that the deepest dive by a mammal was over 2,000 meters by a sperm whale. The deepest point in the ocean is in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, which has been measured to be over 10,000 meters deep. In 1960, two men piloted a bathyscaphe to a depth of over 10,000 meters in the Mariana Trench, which is considered the deepest point on Earth.
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This document provides information on the taxonomy of corals. It begins by introducing the phylum Cnidaria, which includes corals. It then describes key characteristics of Cnidaria and provides a classification system, dividing the phylum into four classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, and Cubozoa. Most of the document focuses on describing the class Anthozoa, which contains corals and is further divided into subclasses and orders. For each group, example genera are provided. Key characteristics and taxonomic groups of important soft coral orders are also summarized.
Great barrier reef presentation
The document provides an overview of the threats facing biodiversity in the Great Barrier Reef due to factors like climate change, pollution, overfishing, and natural disasters. It discusses the endangered species in the reef and the causes of their endangerment. Solutions discussed include the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority's management plans, Outlook Report, Biodiversity Strategy, and Reef Water Protection Plan, which aim to protect species and their habitats in the reef.
Threats to Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide habitat for many species and economic benefits but they are globally threatened. The main threats to coral reefs are both natural disturbances like hurricanes, tsunamis and bleaching events as well as numerous human activities such as overfishing, coastal development, pollution and climate change. These human impacts compound the effects of natural stressors and put coral reefs at high risk of damage and decline worldwide.
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This presentation provides an overview of coral reefs, including their importance, types, threats, and conservation efforts. It discusses the key points that coral reefs are highly biodiverse ecosystems that are economically and environmentally valuable but also face significant threats from climate change, overfishing, pollution, and development. Coral bleaching is highlighted as a major threat associated with rising water temperatures from climate change.
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6 08 collaborative project coral reef ecosystem
Coral reefs are underwater structures made of calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps. They form diverse ecosystems and are home to 25% of marine species. However, coral reefs are fragile and face numerous threats such as climate change, pollution, and overfishing. The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, stretching over 1300 miles off Australia. It supports great biodiversity but also faces risks to its ecosystem. In coral reefs, predators sustain themselves by consuming other organisms classified as prey, maintaining a delicate balance.
Coral reef
The document discusses coral reef biodiversity and the Great Barrier Reef. It describes the Great Barrier Reef as a collection of over 3000 coral reefs off Australia's coast, forming one of the natural wonders of the world. It is home to thousands of species and provides food and jobs to the local economy. However, the reef is threatened by pollution, coastal development, ship traffic, and climate change, which have already damaged and killed parts of the reef. The reef ecosystem is highly complex, with coral polyps, fish, sharks, rays, and other species interacting as producers, grazers, predators, and through symbiotic relationships.
Corals and coral reefs
Corals are colonial marine organisms that secrete calcium carbonate and form coral reefs. While corals have no food use for humans, coral reefs serve as important habitat for fish. Some corals attach themselves to rocks and form hard skeletal structures, while others like stony corals are largely composed of limestone. Common corals found in the Philippines include brain coral, mushroom coral, and star corals. Corals are used for decoration, reef and island formation, personal adornment, jewelry, and medicine. Sea anemones belong to the anthozoan class and are used decoratively, while jellyfish are scyphozoans that can be dried, flavored and eaten in some parts of the
Coral reefs theory, types, formation
Coral reefs are built from the limestone skeletons of stony corals and cover around 100,000 square miles globally. They are located in shallow, tropical waters and grow gradually as coral polyps multiply and their skeletons accumulate. There are three main types of reefs - fringing reefs adjacent to land, barrier reefs separated from land by lagoons, and atolls which are ring-shaped reefs surrounding a central lagoon. Reefs support tremendous biodiversity but are threatened by human impacts like pollution, coastal development, overfishing, and climate change which can cause coral bleaching or increase ocean acidification.
Coral ecology ppt
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems formed by coral polyps and algae. They have high biodiversity despite occupying a small area of the ocean. Coral reefs rely on a balanced trophic structure with primary producers like zooxanthellae and algae, herbivores, and top consumers. Imbalances can disrupt the ecosystem. Coral reefs face many threats including climate change, pollution, overfishing, and physical damage. Proper management is needed to protect these valuable and vulnerable ecosystems.
The Great Barrier Reef
This slide show on the Great Barrier Reef shows you some basic knowledge of creatures, coral and the reef!
Types of coral reefs and its distribution
The document summarizes coral reefs, including their structure, types, distribution, and importance. It describes how coral reefs are formed by colonies of coral polyps that secrete calcium carbonate. There are various types of reefs defined by their location in relation to land, including fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. The largest concentrations are found in the Indo-Pacific region, Southeast Asia, and the Great Barrier Reef. Coral reefs are important ecosystems that provide coastal protection, support biodiversity, and have significant economic value through tourism and fisheries.
Coral reefs[1]
Coral reefs are made of limestone deposited by corals and other organisms over time. Corals are small animals that live in colonies and secrete calcium carbonate skeletons, building up reef structures. There are three main types of reefs: fringing reefs near shorelines, barrier reefs parallel to coastlines, and coral atolls in open water. Coral reefs protect coastlines from waves and storms. They support biodiversity and provide resources for tourism and fishing. However, human activities like coastal development, pollution, and destructive fishing threaten coral reefs, with over 10% already destroyed and 60% predicted to be destroyed in the next few decades if threats are not addressed.
Great barrier reef
Corals are colonies of tiny polyp animals that build reef structures by secreting limestone, while also hosting symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae that provide food through photosynthesis. However, when corals experience stress like higher water temperatures, they expel the zooxanthellae in a process called bleaching which can damage or kill the coral. While bleaching stresses corals, recovering is possible if the stressful conditions do not last too long and the corals are able to regain their symbiotic algae.
Coral reef ecosystems
Coral reefs are highly biodiverse ecosystems home to many interdependent species. Corals are composed of calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps in a symbiotic relationship with algae. This relationship provides nutrients to the polyps and gives corals their color. There are two main types of corals - hard corals with rigid skeletons and soft corals without. Coral reefs consist not just of corals but also many other plants and animals that rely on corals for food and shelter. The ecosystem derives its initial energy from sunlight which powers photosynthesis, providing energy that passes through the food web.
Interactions among living things in coral reefs
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems composed mainly of corals, sponges, and algae. In coral reefs:
- Clown fish protects itself from sea anemone stings and in return protects the anemone from other creatures.
- Sea horses reside in seagrass beds near coral reefs.
- Sponges inhabit coral reef holes and damage corals by removing skeleton pieces.
- Corals and sponges compete for space as sessile organisms staying in one place.
- Crown-of-thorns starfish feed on coral polyps.
Plants and animals associates of living reef corals
Plants and animals associates of living reef coralsCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Coral reefs support a huge diversity of plant and animal life. Over 800 hard coral species and 4,000 fish species inhabit coral reefs. Coral reef ecosystems are home to fish, seabirds, sponges, jellyfish, worms, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, sea turtles, sea snakes, and various plant life like seagrasses and mangroves. This diversity includes vertebrates like many fish species, sea snakes, sea turtles, and dugongs as well as invertebrates like sponges, starfish, sea urchins, snails, shrimp, and algae. Coral reefs provide vital habitat for breeding, feedingCoral reefs
This document provides an overview of coral reefs, including:
1) How coral reefs are formed over time as volcanic islands sink beneath the ocean, with fringing reefs forming and eventually becoming barrier reefs or atolls.
2) The different areas that make up a coral reef including the reef surface, off reef shore, reef face, reef flats, and reef lagoon.
3) Examples of animals that live in coral reefs like colorful fish, sea turtles, sharks, dolphins, and whales.
An Introduction to Coral Reefs
Corals are animals in the phylum Cnidaria that live in colonies. They require warm, tropical waters with sufficient light, salinity, and wave action to build reef structures through calcium carbonate deposition. Reefs support high biodiversity and include zones from the reef crest at the surface down to the drop off. Corals reproduce both sexually through spawning and asexually by budding or fragmentation.
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Plants and animals associates of living reef corals
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Coral reefs are composed of coral animals that build massive calcium skeletons which form the basic framework of the reef. Corals require specific environmental conditions such as warm water temperatures between 18.5-30°C, clear water for photosynthesis, and wave energy. They reproduce both sexually through broadcast spawning and larval settlement, and asexually through budding and fragmentation. Coral reef ecosystems include mangroves, seagrass beds, and lagoons which provide habitat and nursery grounds for many species and cycling of nutrients.
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The document discusses depths that can be reached in the ocean. It notes that the deepest dive by a mammal was over 2,000 meters by a sperm whale. The deepest point in the ocean is in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, which has been measured to be over 10,000 meters deep. In 1960, two men piloted a bathyscaphe to a depth of over 10,000 meters in the Mariana Trench, which is considered the deepest point on Earth.
Conservation and management of coral reefs
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems known as the "rainforests of the sea." They occupy less than 1% of the ocean but are home to 25% of marine species and provide $375 billion in annual economic value. Coral reefs face many threats including pollution, sedimentation, rising ocean temperatures, overfishing, and coastal development. International regulations and marine protected areas help conserve reefs, but more needs to be done to sustain them such as enforcing laws, creating artificial reefs, and focusing on prevention over restoration.
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Coral reefs are living structures made of polyps that have a symbiotic relationship with algae. The polyps secrete calcium carbonate to build limestone skeletons, while the algae provides food through photosynthesis. There are three types of coral reefs around Barbados: bank reefs, fringing reefs, and patch reefs. Coral reefs are important for tourism, medicine, protecting beaches, and wildlife diversity. However, they are threatened by pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and global warming. To help protect coral reefs, Barbados established the Folkestone Marine Park and Reserve along its west coast.
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Plants and animals associates of living reef corals
Plants and animals associates of living reef coralsCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
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Coral are tiny marine organisms called coral polyps that live in colonies and secrete calcium carbonate to form hard skeletons as they die. Coral polyps feed on zooplankton using stinging tentacles and are also nourished by algae living in their tissues. Coral reefs form in certain conditions, requiring sea temperatures between 21-30°C, shallow depths within 40m of sunlight, clear oxygenated water, plentiful zooplankton, and locations on eastern sides of land masses with warm currents.
Unit 12: Responsible Tourism Policy And Planning For Tourism Authorities
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Unit 1: Principles Of Responsible Tourism
This document provides an overview of responsible tourism principles. It begins by defining tourism and describing the global tourism market. It then discusses the positive and negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism. The principles of responsible tourism and sustainable development are explained, including the triple bottom line of considering economic, environmental and social factors. The benefits of responsible tourism for businesses, tourists, and local communities are outlined. Finally, the document discusses the Cape Town Declaration which established guiding principles for responsible tourism, including minimizing impacts and maximizing benefits for local communities while involving them in decisions.
7.5 - Coral Reefs
Coral reefs require specific environmental conditions to develop, including warm temperatures between 23-25°C, shallow clear water, abundant sunlight, and low sediment levels. They are globally distributed between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, with 92% found in the Indo-Pacific region. There are three main types of reefs: fringing reefs along shorelines, barrier reefs separated from land by lagoons, and atolls which are ring-shaped reefs surrounding lagoons without central islands. Charles Darwin and others proposed that reef types develop over geological time as islands subside or sea levels rise, leaving different reef structures, which was supported by evidence from Dana and Daly. However,
What Are Mangroves?
http://www.whataremangroves.com
What are Mangroves? What makes them so interesting? What are the threats?
Ocean life
The document provides information about life in the Mariana Trench, the deepest known part of the oceans. It details that the Mariana Trench is located near Japan and reaches depths of over 11,000 meters. Life in the trench has adapted to the extreme pressure and lack of light, relying on bioluminescence for illumination and falling organic matter for food. Organisms include anglerfish, sea pigs, giant sea spiders, and giant squid, which is prey for sperm whales.
Sustainable tourism
The document discusses the history and definitions of sustainable tourism. It began being discussed in the early 1990s, defined as maintaining an equilibrium between ecological, economic, and social interests while conserving cultural and natural values. Major developments included the 1992 Earth Summit and contributions from organizations like WWF and the EU. Sustainable tourism is conceived as managing resources to satisfy social, economic and aesthetic needs while respecting cultural integrity and ecological processes. The document then discusses sustainable tourism in Spain and the EU, noting Spain's leadership in international tourism but also environmental issues caused by past disproportionate growth. Key themes for sustainable development include integrated coastal zone management and rationalizing tourist offerings.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
Process oriented performance-based assessment
Performance assessment involves observing and judging a student's demonstration of skills or competencies through tasks like creating a product, responding to a prompt, or giving a presentation. It emphasizes a student's ability to apply their knowledge and skills to produce their own work. Performance assessments typically require sustained effort over multiple days and involve explaining, justifying, and defending ideas. They rely on trained evaluators to score student work using pre-specified criteria and standards. While performance assessments integrate assessment with learning and provide formative feedback, they can be difficult to score reliably and require significant time from teachers and students.
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This document summarizes key information about coral reefs. It defines coral reefs as mounds or ridges composed of living coral, coral skeletons, and other organisms' deposits. Coral reefs originated in the mid-18th century and are found throughout tropical oceans between 30 degrees north and south latitude. Coral reefs are under threat from climate change and pollution and play an important role in biodiversity, coastal protection, medicine, and tourism.
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Coral reefs occupy only 0.2% of the ocean but support over 25% of marine species. They are highly biodiverse ecosystems found in tropical waters between 30 degrees north and south. Coral reefs are constructed by corals which are colonial animals made up of tiny polyps. Polyps secrete calcium carbonate to form the coral structure and have a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae. Coral reefs provide habitat for many organisms and are ecologically important as they protect coastlines from erosion and serve as nurseries for many fish species.
Biology of coral,beauty of sea.
Coral are marine invertebrates that live in colonies made of many individual polyps. Each polyp has a mouth and ring of tentacles surrounded by calcium carbonate exoskeleton. Most reef-building corals have a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae that live inside their cells and provide nutrients through photosynthesis. Corals can reproduce both sexually through broadcast spawning or brooding, and asexually through budding or dividing to form new polyps. The calcium carbonate skeletons of corals are the basis for coral reefs, which are diverse ecosystems home to thousands of species.
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Coral reefs are underwater structures formed from calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps that live together in colonies. Corals can live over 4,000 years, longer than any other ocean animal. Corals are animals, not plants, that obtain nutrients through photosynthesis via algae living inside them or by catching food with stinging tentacles. Coral reefs are important habitats that are home to 25% of marine species and support tourism, fishing and coastal protection for many communities. However, coral reefs are threatened by pollution, climate change and other human impacts.
Origin and reefs of the world
Coral reefs are underwater structures formed from calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps that live together in colonies. Corals can live over 4,000 years, longer than any other ocean animal. Corals are animals, not plants, that obtain nutrients through photosynthesis via algae living inside them or by catching food with stinging tentacles. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef, while India has significant reefs off the coasts of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu as well as in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Coral reefs are important as they provide habitat for over 25% of marine species and income for coastal communities from tourism.
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Coral reefs; an Introduction
- 1. CORAL REEFS OUR RAINFORESTS OF THE SEA
- 2. WHERE DO THEY LIVE?
- 3. • 600 types of coral • 6/7 turtles • > 2000 fish species • Over 120 million people (IMAX, 2015)
- 4. WHAT IS A CORAL? • PHYLUM – CNIDARIA • CLASS ANTHOZOA • SUBCLASS; OCTOCORALLIA AND HEXACORALLIA • ANIMALS – CHARACTERISED BY STINGING TENTACLES • COMMONLY LIVE IN COLONIES OF IDENTICAL POLYPS • BOTH HARD AND SOFT VARIETIES Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa)
- 5. Mouth Stomach Coral Cup (hard coral only) Tentacles (Reef Check)
- 6. WHAT MAKES THEM COLOURFUL? • PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROSCOPIC ALGAE; ZOOXANTHELLAE • SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP • CORAL COLOURS • PRODUCES OXYGEN AND REMOVES WASTE • CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN GIANT CLAMS!
- 7. VS • TENTACLES IN MULTIPLES OF 6 • CREATE LIMESTONE SKELETON • THE MAIN REEF BUILDERS • BOTH COLONIAL AND SOLITARY • BLEACH WHEN STRESSED • SKELETON REMAINS AFTER DEATH • TENTACLES IN MULTIPLES OF 8 • NO LIMESTONE SKELETON • VERY FEW REEF BUILDERS • RESILIENT • BOTH COLONIAL AND SOLITARY • BLEACH WHEN STRESSED • NO TRACE AFTER DEATH Hard Coral Soft Coral
- 8. LIFE CYCLE
- 10. WHY ARE CORAL REEFS IMPORTANT? (NOAA, 2011)
- 11. THREATS? (WNO)
- 12. THREATS? (UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO, 2012)
- 13. (World Wildlife Org, 2015) (Coastal Care, 2015) (Earth Times, 2011)
- 14. WHAT WE CAN DO? • TRAVEL RESPONSIBLY • AVOID TOUCHING • SOUVENIRS • EDUCATE YOURSELF AND OTHERS • EAT SUSTAINABLE SEAFOOD • REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT • PETITION FOR CHANGE
- 15. THANK YOU!