This document outlines the procedures for coordinating casualty evacuation from a tactical environment. It begins with the terminal learning objective of coordinating casualty evacuation using communication equipment, a nine-line format, and standard medical supplies. It then lists enabling learning objectives related to identifying platforms, categories and purposes of casualty evacuation. The document describes the taxonomy of care, from point of injury care to definitive care. It details various litter platforms, ground and air vehicles, and ships used for casualty transport and their capacities. It concludes with an overview of coordinating a nine-line evacuation request.
TEMS - Tactical Emergency Medical ServicesscanFOAM
A talk by Peter Anthony Berlac at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
Disaster management-TRANSPORTATION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CAREselvaraj227
TRANSPORTATION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE, EFFECTS OF DISASTERS CONSEQUENCES OF DISASTERS ON HEALTH SERVICES DISASTERS AND HEALTH SECTOR RISK OF A DISASTER Role of Hospitals in Disasters/ Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) MENTAL HEALTH WAYS MANAGE YOUR STRESS FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN HOSPITAL NETWORKING INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
Well over a hundred thousand Americans die annually from various accidents. A highly preventable cause of death is simply bleeding out.
Properly applied combat trauma dressings, clotting sponges, and tourniquets can save lives.
TEMS - Tactical Emergency Medical ServicesscanFOAM
A talk by Peter Anthony Berlac at the 2017 meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Anaestesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
All available content from SSAI2017: https://scanfoam.org/ssai2017/
Delivered in collaboration between scanFOAM, SSAI & SFAI.
Disaster management-TRANSPORTATION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CAREselvaraj227
TRANSPORTATION AND HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE, EFFECTS OF DISASTERS CONSEQUENCES OF DISASTERS ON HEALTH SERVICES DISASTERS AND HEALTH SECTOR RISK OF A DISASTER Role of Hospitals in Disasters/ Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) MENTAL HEALTH WAYS MANAGE YOUR STRESS FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN HOSPITAL NETWORKING INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
Well over a hundred thousand Americans die annually from various accidents. A highly preventable cause of death is simply bleeding out.
Properly applied combat trauma dressings, clotting sponges, and tourniquets can save lives.
Each topic page should follow this template!Skilled Nursing FaEvonCanales257
Each topic page should follow this template!
Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)
Paragraph one: introduction of the article you found
Paragraph two: findings on how skilled nursing facility coding guideline are similar or vary to the ICD-10-CM/PCS guidelines and why.
Paragraph three: Summary of your findings.
(word count: 250 – 300 words)
References: APA format
[ THIS IS ME]
As a 68Q Pharmacy Specialist, I have been in MEDCOM my entire career which supports Health Service Support (HSS). In the field pharmacy specialist are responsible for taking care of entire pharmacy operation including counseling patients. Counseling patients on how to properly use countless number of medications comes with practice. MEDCOM is the perfect place to learn and practice the skill of counseling different medications. In the field, pharmacy specialist is also responsible for making IV fluids and as well as compounding medication while maintaining sterile environment.
In regard to the Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO), “Army forces must be organized, trained, and equipped to meet worldwide challenges against a full range of threats.” (Department of the Army, 2017) My unit enforce Individual Critical Task List (ICTL) to keep soldiers’ skills up to date which enable soldiers to support LSCO. Pharmacy Specialist plays a vital role in medical readiness and recovery for the troops which in turn support Combat Operations.
References
Department of the Army. (2020). Army Health System Doctrine SmartBook. https://amedd.ellc.learn.army.mil/bbcswebdav/courses/082_3-68- C45DL_2021_219_01_A/Army%20Health%20System%20Doctrine%20Smart%20Book%20%281%20June%202020%29.pdf
These are examples of what other people wrote and you are also to respond to these posts.
As a flight medic my primary role is Health Service Support (HSS). MEDEVAC units require a no less than a paramedic level provider in every helicopter. Our main mission is to evacuate service members from the point of injury or POI to a Role 2 or Role 3 facility. We are also charged with transferring patients from lower levels facilities to higher level of care, i.e., role 1 to role 2 or 2 to 3 and so on. Flight medics have to be critical care certified and have to be able to maintain care of patients during extended transport times. Flight medics are able to maintain airways and respirations using ventilators (Procedure A-XII, SMOG), and administer different blood products (Procedure B-XI, SMOG) depending on the patients needs.
Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) may facilitate the need for the coordination of multiple aircrafts to transport one patient to a higher echelon of care. Aircraft in a particular Area of Operations (AO) are only able to fly a predetermined distance from their assigned centers. This distance can be affected by operational and environment ...
Each topic page should follow this template!Skilled Nursing FaEvonCanales257
Each topic page should follow this template!
Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)
Paragraph one: introduction of the article you found
Paragraph two: findings on how skilled nursing facility coding guideline are similar or vary to the ICD-10-CM/PCS guidelines and why.
Paragraph three: Summary of your findings.
(word count: 250 – 300 words)
References: APA format
[ THIS IS ME]
As a 68Q Pharmacy Specialist, I have been in MEDCOM my entire career which supports Health Service Support (HSS). In the field pharmacy specialist are responsible for taking care of entire pharmacy operation including counseling patients. Counseling patients on how to properly use countless number of medications comes with practice. MEDCOM is the perfect place to learn and practice the skill of counseling different medications. In the field, pharmacy specialist is also responsible for making IV fluids and as well as compounding medication while maintaining sterile environment.
In regard to the Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO), “Army forces must be organized, trained, and equipped to meet worldwide challenges against a full range of threats.” (Department of the Army, 2017) My unit enforce Individual Critical Task List (ICTL) to keep soldiers’ skills up to date which enable soldiers to support LSCO. Pharmacy Specialist plays a vital role in medical readiness and recovery for the troops which in turn support Combat Operations.
References
Department of the Army. (2020). Army Health System Doctrine SmartBook. https://amedd.ellc.learn.army.mil/bbcswebdav/courses/082_3-68- C45DL_2021_219_01_A/Army%20Health%20System%20Doctrine%20Smart%20Book%20%281%20June%202020%29.pdf
These are examples of what other people wrote and you are also to respond to these posts.
As a flight medic my primary role is Health Service Support (HSS). MEDEVAC units require a no less than a paramedic level provider in every helicopter. Our main mission is to evacuate service members from the point of injury or POI to a Role 2 or Role 3 facility. We are also charged with transferring patients from lower levels facilities to higher level of care, i.e., role 1 to role 2 or 2 to 3 and so on. Flight medics have to be critical care certified and have to be able to maintain care of patients during extended transport times. Flight medics are able to maintain airways and respirations using ventilators (Procedure A-XII, SMOG), and administer different blood products (Procedure B-XI, SMOG) depending on the patients needs.
Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) may facilitate the need for the coordination of multiple aircrafts to transport one patient to a higher echelon of care. Aircraft in a particular Area of Operations (AO) are only able to fly a predetermined distance from their assigned centers. This distance can be affected by operational and environment ...
Detailed information on assessing the trauma patients with time dependent principle management and selection between early total care and damage control surgery.
MCWP 4 11.1 Health Service Support Operations ch.3Shayne Morris
This Power Point is part of an Enlisted Advancement Program training series for US Navy Corpsman rating provided by Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Virginia
Naval Medical Center Portsmouth is a military treatment facility serving active duty service members, their dependents and retirees in the Hampton Roads community of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina.
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Kee...robinsonayot
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Keefe, Verified Chapters 1 - 41, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Keefe, Verified Chapters 1 - 41, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Kee...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Keefe, Verified Chapters 1 - 41, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Emergency Care, 13th Edition by Daniel Limmer, Michael F. O'Keefe, Verified Chapters 1 - 41, Complete Newest Version
Uploaded from pptclasses.com
Terminal Learning Objective:
Action: Qualify with the M320/M320A1 Grenade Launcher..
Conditions: On a record fire range, given a weapon, 9 timed target exposures at ranges from 100 to 400 meters and 18 rounds of 40 mm TPT ammunition..
Standards: Answer 14 of 20 questions on a written test. Obtain 6 out of 9 target hits out of 9 timed targets.
@dandotelder from milMediaGroup.com describes why all businesses need a website. Primarily because SMALL BUSINESS GAIN CREDIBILITY WITH A CUSTOMIZED WEB PRESENCE
No matter what type of business you’re in, a website is a great place to showcase your work. By including a portfolio or image gallery, as well as testimonials about your work, you can demonstrate what makes your business unique.
Learn and discuss the concept of Army Professionalism to better develop an understanding of civil-military relations and Army professional culture from the site http://www.pptclasses.com.
Communication: The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, or writing. This is a pre-made Army powerpoint class from http://www.pptclasses.com and on loan to Army Writing Style at http://www.armywritingstyle.com for including in their blog for effective military communication. To get a copy of this slideshow visit PPTClasses.
We understand!, Wo wants to pay $9.99 for access without knowing what you are going to get? That is why we set up this page, so you can see three types of classes you might possibly get here at PowerpointRanger.com, plus 3 free classes just for looking.
This was the Sept 2004 business-case proposal for the US Army to adopt NCOTeam.org, Squad-leader.com, Firstsergeant.com as the official effort for Army Communities of Practice (CoP), and the beginning of their Knowledge Management efforts as part of the now defunct Battle Command Knowledge System (BCKS).
This is the class Dan Elder of CenTex Social Media by Topsarge http://www.topsarge.com gave at Geekfest 2011, (Central Texas College) on how to protect your reputation online.
Presentation used byDan Elder of CenTex Social Media by Topsarge http://www.topsarge.com for the March 2nd Social Media Breakfast-Killeen group on how to improve your Facebook Fan Pages for Business.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
Field Medical Training Battalion– East
CampLejeune
FMST 1423
Coordinate Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC)
TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. Given multiple casualties in a tactical environment, communication equipment, nine-line
evacuation format, and the standard field medical equipment and supplies, coordinate
casualty evacuation to transport casualties for medical treatment, per the references.
(FMST-EVAC-1423)
ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Without the aid of references, given a description or list of capabilities, identify the
capabilities of the taxonomy of care, within 80% accuracy, per JP 4-02. (FMST-EVAC1423a)
2. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify common litters utilized as
CASEVAC platforms, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6 and the PHTLS Manual.
(FMST-EVAC-1423b)
3. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify ground vehicles utilized
as CASEVAC platforms, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6. (FMST-EVAC-1423c)
4. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify aircraft utilized as
CASEVAC platforms, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6. (FMST-EVAC-1423d)
5. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify casualty receiving
treatment ships utilized as CASEVAC platforms,within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6.
(FMST-EVAC-1423e)
6. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify the casualty evacuation
categories, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6. (FMST-EVAC-1423f)
7. Without the aid of references, given a description or list, identify the purpose of a NineLine evacuation communication, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6. (FMST-EVAC1423g)
8. With the aid of references, given the necessary equipment, transmit a Nine-Line evacuation
request, within 80% accuracy, per FM 8-10-6. (FMST-EVAC-1423h)
9. Without the aid of references, given multiple simulated casualties in a tactical environment,
standard field medical equipment and supplies, and individual combat equipment, perform
casualty evacuation, per the student handout. (FMST-EVAC-1423i)
4-61
2. OVERVIEW
Tactical Evacuation Care (TACEVAC) is the third phase in the Tactical Combat Casualty Care
process. Tactical evacuation encompasses both medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) and casualty
evacuation (CASEVAC). The care delivered in the TACEVAC phase can more closely resemble
advanced trauma life support guidelines than that in the first two phases. With either vehicular
or air evacuation of wounded casualties from the battlefield, there is an opportunity for access to
additional medical equipment not available to the Corpsman during the first two phases. One
example is the use of pulse oximetry devices, which detect the percent of hemoglobin with
oxygen bound to it and gives you an indication of how well the casualty is breathing. It also
allows for early detection of pulmonary compromise or cardiovascular deterioration before
physical signs are evident. They are highly reliable and can apply across all ages and races. This
lesson will describe the taxonomy of care, different methods of casualty evacuation, and how to
call for an evacuation.
1. TAXONOMY OF CARE
The taxonomy of care outlines distinctive and overlapping care capabilities that enhance
performance in a military force. The level of care commences at the scene of the injury and
continues until the member receives definitive care and is discharged or returned to full duty.
While this course teaches you the skills needed to operate using the first responder, forward
resuscitative, and en route care capabilities, there are five capabilities in the taxonomy
continuum of healthcare capabilities which are used when evacuating the wounded from the
battlefield (see figure 1).
Figure 1. Taxonomy of Care
First Responder Capability - first aid and emergency care rendered at the point of initial
injuryare the primary objectives of care at this level. Defined by its time requirements,
first responder care provides immediate medical care and stabilization to the patient in
preparation for evacuation to the next capability in the continuum of care. Examples of
First Responder Capabilities include:
- Self-aid/Buddy aid
- Battalion Aid Station (BAS)
4-62
3. Forward Resuscitative Capability-builds on the First Responder Capabilities.
Characteristics include performing advance emergency medical treatment as close to the
point of injury as possible, stabilizing the patient, and saving life and limb. Stabilization
ensures the patient can tolerate evacuation. Examples of Forward Resuscitative
Capabilities include:
Medical Battalion - provides surgical care for the MEF. Provides stabilizing surgical
procedures. Capable of holding patients up to 72 hours.
Casualty Receiving & Treatment Ships (CRTS) - part of an Expeditionary Strike
Group (ESG). They provide additional medical capabilities for receiving a mass
casualty (up to 50 casualties).
Shock Trauma Platoon (STP) - small forward unit with one physician supporting the
MEF specializing in patient stabilization and evacuation. No surgical capability.
Forward Resuscitation Surgical Suite (FRSS) - staffed with 8 to 10 personnel (two
surgeons, one critical care nurse, one anesthesiologist and four to six corpsmen). It
consists of a two tent surgical system that provides a fully powered, climatecontrolled environment with enough space for one operating room and one pre- and
post-operative care room. The shelter is equipped with cutting-edge surgical gear and
takes less than one hour to set up or break down.
Theater Hospitalization Capability-services are delivered via modular hospital
configurations and/or hospital ships required to sustain forces in theater. These
capabilities deploy as modules or multiple individual capabilities that provide increasing
medical services in a more robust theater. The care offered either returns the patient to
duty or stabilizes the patient to ensure they can tolerate evacuation to a definitive care
facility. Services encompass primary inpatient and outpatient care, emergent care, and
enhanced medical, surgical, and ancillary capabilities, including:
Fleet hospitals - deployable ground asset but located away from enemy threat
providing up to 500 hospital beds, 80 ICU beds, and 6 OR’s.
Hospital ships (USNS Mercy and USNS Comfort) - deployable medical assets
providing up to 1,000 beds, 100 ICU beds, and 12 OR’s.
Definitive Capability- rendered to conclusively manage a patient’s condition and is
usually delivered from, or at, facilities in the homeland, but may be delivered in facilities
outside the homeland. This capability generally leads to rehabilitation, return to duty, or
discharge from the armed forces. Because this care is usually given outside the
operational area, the most advanced health care can be made available and accessible to
the patient. It includes:
CONUS Military, Veteran’s and selected civilian hospitals - provide full
convalescent, restorative, and rehabilitative care to all patients returned to the
Continental United States (CONUS).
Overseas Medical Treatment Facilities - offers the surgical capability found in the
theater hospitalization capability, along with further definitive therapy for those
patients in the recovery phase who can be returned to duty within the theater
evacuation policy. A patient who cannot be returned to duty will be evacuated
through the en route care capability.
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4. En Route Care Capability -en route care is the continuation of care during evacuation
within the continuum without clinically compromising the patient’s condition. This
capability can take one of three forms – medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) in which
dedicated special medical non-combatant platforms are used. The Air Force is the
primary provider of MEDEVAC assets. Casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) are primarily
non-medical evacuation platforms, however, some may have medical attendants such as a
Hospital Corpsman or an Army Medic. This course deal specifically with CASEVAC,
which involves the unregulated movement of casualties aboard ships, land vehicle, or
aircraft.
2. METHODS OF EVACUATION
The level of urgency and the tactical situation dictates the method of evacuation. Depending
upon which level of care you are in, Care Under Fire, Tactical Field Care, or Tactical
Evacuation Care, will dictate how the casualty is transported. The most common forms of
evacuation are: ambulatory, manual carries, litter evacuation, ground evacuation, air
evacuation, or sea evacuation. Regardless, the casualty should be made as comfortable as
possible and kept warm and dry. If an improvised litter is used, it should be padded and
field-expedient material replaced with conventional splints, tourniquets, and dressings as
soon as feasible. A patient with minimal injuries should be encouraged to stay in the fight if
possible and to ambulate to an area where care can be safely
provided.
Types of litters - there are six commonly used litters within
the FMF.
Talon Litter (see figure 2) - the Talon collapsible handle
litter was developed to meet the US Army’s urgent
requirement to provide casualty evacuation. The Talon
litter allows a casualty to be transported in one vehicle
then transitioned to a standard evacuation platform
without the need to transfer a casualty from one litter to
another. The Talon litter is the most commonly used
litter.
Figure 2. Talon Litter
Standard Army Litter (see figure 3)-the standard collapsible litter folds along the long
axis.
Stokes Litter (see figure 4)-affords maximum security for the patient when the litter is
tilted.
Figure 4. Stokes Litter
Figure 3. Standard Army Litter
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5. Pole-less Non-rigid Litter (see figure 5)this litter can be folded and carried by
the Field Medical Service Technician. It
has folds into which improvised poles
can be inserted for evacuation over long
distances.
Figure 5. Pole-less Non-rigid Litter
Miller (full body) Board (see figure 6) - the Miller
Board is constructed of an outer plastic shell with
an injected foam core. It is impervious to chemicals
and the elements and can be used in virtually every
confined-space rescue and vertical extrication. It
fits in stokes stretcher and will float a 250-pound
person.
Figure 6. Miller (full body) Board
Improvised Litters (see figure 7) - used for moving a casualty when a standard litter is
not available, the distance may be too great for manual carries, or the casualty may
have an injury that would be aggravated by manual transportation. These litters are to
be used in emergency situations only and must be replaced by standard litters at the
first opportunity.
Blouse / Flak Jacket Litter
Rolled Blanket Litter
Figure 7. Improvised Litters
Procedures for Carrying Litters
1. When moving a patient, the litter bearers must make every movement deliberately
and as gently as possible. The command “steady” should be used to prevent undue
haste.
2. The rear bearers should watch the movements of the front bearers and time their
movements accordingly to ensure a smooth and steady action.
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6. 3. The litter must be kept as level as possible at all times, particularly when crossing
obstacles such as ditches.
4. Normally, the patient should be carried on the litter feet first, except when going
uphill or upstairs
5. When the patient is loaded on a litter, his individual equipment is carried by two of
the bearers or placed on the litter. When available, use Marines as your litter
bearers.
3. GROUND EVACUATION PLATFORMS
M997 Ambulance - HMMWV frame with armor
protection for crew and patients. It is capable of
transporting up to 4 litter or 8 ambulatory
patients. (See figure8)
Figure 8. M997 Ambulance
M1035 Ambulance - HMMWV frame with
removable soft-top. It is capable of transporting
2 litter and 3 ambulatory patients. (See figure9)
Figure 9. M1035 Ambulance
MK 23 7 Ton-non-medical vehicle that may be
utilized for casualty transportation when available.
It is capable of transporting 10 litter or 20
ambulatory patients. (See figure 10)
Figure 10. MK 23 7 Ton Truck
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7. 4. AIR EVACUATION PLATFORMS
CH-46 Sea Knight
- Dual rotor medium lift helicopter used to
transport personnel and cargo (being
phased out by the MV-22 Osprey Tilt
Rotor Aircraft).
- When configured for litter racks, able to
carry 15 litters or 22 ambulatory
patients.
Figure 11. CH-46 Sea Knight
CH-53SuperSea Stallion
- Medium/Heavy lift helicopter used to
transport personnel and cargo.
- When configured for litter racks, able to
carry 24 litters or up to 37 ambulatory
patients. When the centerline seating is
added, up to 55 ambulatory patients can be
carried.
Figure 12. CH-53 SuperSea Stallion
UH-1 Huey
- Light transport helicopter used to
transport personnel and cargo.
- When configured for litter racks, able to
carry 6 litters or up to 10 ambulatory
patients.
Figure 13. UH-1 Huey
MV-22 Osprey
- Tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands
vertically but flies like a plane. This
aircraft is designed to eventually replace
the CH-46.
- When configured for litter racks, able to
carry 12 litters or 24 ambulatory casualties.
Figure 14. MV-22 Osprey
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8. CH-47 Chinook
- Dual rotor medium lifthelicopter used to
transport personnel and cargo for the US Army.
- When configured for litter racks can carry 24
litter patientsor 31 ambulatory patients.
Figure 15. CH-47 Chinook
UH-60 Blackhawk
- Single rotor helicopter with multiple uses by not
only the Army but the Navy as well.
- Can carry up to 6 litter patients if litter
modification kit is installed.
- Can carry up to 7 ambulatory patients if litter
modification kit is not installed.
- Patients can be loaded from either side.
Figure 16. UH-60 Blackhawk
wk
NOTE:The Marine Corps does not have dedicated CASEVAC aircraft. Any of its aircraft can be
utilized as a “lift of opportunity” upon completion of its primary mission. The use of helicopter
evacuation provides a major advantage because they greatly decrease the time between initial
care and definitive treatment thereby increasing the casualty’s chances of survival.Figure
17below reflects USMC assets as well as those available through the Army and Air Force.
AIRCRAFT
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9. TYPE
SERVICE LITTER AMBULATORY ATTENDANTS
UH-60 Blackhawk
CH-47 Chinook
UH-1 Huey
CH-46 Sea Knight
CH53SuperSeaStallion
MV-22 Osprey
USA
USA
USMC
USMC
7
31
10
22
1 Medic
2 Medics
1 Corpsman
2 Corpsmen
USMC
24
37
2 Corpsmen
USMC
12
24
2 Corpsmen
MEDICAL GROUND VEHICLES
SERVICE LITTER AMBULATORY ATTENDANTS
TYPE
M997 HMMWV
M1035 HMMWV
TYPE
6
24
6
15
USA/
USMC/
USAF
USA/
USMC/
USAF
4
8
2
3
1 Corpsman
1 Corpsman
VEHICLES OF OPPORTUNITY (GROUND)
SERVICE LITTER AMBULATORY ATTENDANTS
MK 23
(7-Ton Truck)
USMC
10
20
None
Figure 17. Ground/Air CASEVAC Platform Data Description
5.CASUALTY RECEIVING TREATMENT SHIPS
Specific ships within an Amphibious Task Force are designated as Casualty Receiving
Treatment Ships (CRTS).
LHD/LHA - Amphibious Assault Ships with medical capabilities (see figure18).
Mission
- Assault via helo, landing craft,
and amphibious vehicle.
- Primary amphibious landing
ships for MEF’s, MEB’s, and
MEU’s.
- Primary CRTS
Transport capabilities
- Flight deck with large internal
hangar deck and well deck.
- May receive casualties via
helicopter or waterborne craft.
Figure 18. LHA Tarawa Class
Medical Capabilities
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10. Largest medical capability of amphibious ships. When fully staffed,
capabilities include:
- 4 Operating Rooms
- 15 ICU Beds
- 45 Ward Beds
Hospital Ships (T-AH)- the COMFORT and the MERCY are operated by the Military Sealift
Command and are designed to provide emergency, onsite care for US combatant forces
deployed in war and other operations. The T-AHs provide a mobile, flexible, rapidly
responsive afloat medical capability to acute medical and surgical care in support of ATF;
Marine Corps, Army, and Air Force elements; forward-deployed Navy elements of the fleet;
and fleet activities located in areas where hostilities may be imminent. The T-AHs also
provide a full-service hospital asset for use by other government agencies involved in the
support of disaster relief and humanitarian operations worldwide.
Transport Capabilities
- Flight deck capable of
receiving rotary wing
aircraft.
Medical Capabilities
- Operating Rooms (12)
- ICU Beds (100)
- Intermediate Care Beds
(400)
- Ward Beds (500)
- Ancillary capabilities of lab,
x-ray, pharmacy,
computerized tomography
scanner, and blood storage.
Figure 19. Hospital Ship
6. CASEVAC CATEGORIES(see figures20-22)
Once a patient has been triaged and stabilized at the BAS, should that patient require further
or additional medical treatment, he/she will be categorizedfor evacuation from the BAS to
the next higher capability of care. While evacuating patients, ensure that they are kept warm
to prevent hypothermia!The category levels are as follows:
Urgent Evacuation
- Evacuation to next higher capability of medical care is needed to save life or limb.
- Evacuation must occur within two hours.
Urgent Surgical Evacuation
- Same criteria as Urgent. The difference is that these patients need to be taken to a
facility with surgical capabilities.
Priority Evacuation
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11. - Evacuation to next higher capability of medical care is needed or the patient will
deteriorate into the URGENT category.
- Evacuation must occur within four hours.
Routine Evacuation
- Evacuation to the next higher capability of medical care is needed to complete full
treatment.
- Evacuation may occur within 24 hours.
Convenience
- Used for administrative patient movement.
URGENT/URGENT SURGICAL - 2 Hoursor Less
Life threatening injuries such as temporarily corrected hemorrhage, temporarily controlled
airway injuries, or temporarily controlled breathing issues.
Examples include (but not limited to) patients with:
Tourniquets
Needle Decompression
Cricothyroidotomy
Major Internal Bleeding
(Figure20)
PRIORITY - 4 Hours or less
Potentially life threatening injuries such as compensated shock, fractures causing circulatory
compromise, and uncomplicated but major burns.
Examples include (but not limited to) patients with:
Compensated Shock
Broken arm with loss of distal pulse
2nd degree burns to a large portion of the abdomen or extremities
(Figure21)
ROUTINE - 24 Hours or less
Injuries so insignificant or extreme that chances of survival are not based on evacuationtime.
Examples include (but not limited to) patients with:
Abrasions
Cardiac Arrest
Massive Head Trauma
Small Fractures
Frostbite
2nd /3rd degree burns >70% BSA
(Figure22)
7. NINE LINE CASEVAC
A nine-line evacuation request is a standard format used by the Armed Forces for
coordinating the evacuation of casualties.Evacuation request transmissions should be by the
most direct communication means available to the medical unit controlling evacuation assets.
The means and frequencies used will depend on the organization, availability, and location in
the area of operations as well as the distance between units.
The information must be clear, concise, and easily transmitted. This is done by use of the
authorized brevity code. The authorized brevity code is a series of phonetic letters, numbers,
and basic descriptive terminology used to transmit casualty information. These codes
indicate the standard information required for an evacuation commonly known as the “9
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12. Line”.This message is verbally transmitted in numerical “line” sequence utilizing the
following brevity codes:
Line 1 - Location - location of the Landing Zone (LZ) where the casualties are to be picked
up. This information will be transmitted in the form of an eight digit grid coordinate.
Line 2 - Radio Frequency, Call Sign - radio frequency and call sign that will be used by the
ground unit at the LZ. You should know this information before every operation.
Line 3 - Precedence (Urgent, Urgent Surgical, Priority, Routine) - number of casualties by
precedence. Use the following codes:
Alpha- Urgent
Bravo- Urgent Surgical
Charlie- Priority
Delta- Routine
Echo- Convenience
Line 4 - Special Equipment - identifies any special equipment that will be needed, such as a
hoist in the case where a helo cannot land. Use the following codes:
Alpha- none
Bravo- hoist
Charlie- extraction equipment
Delta- ventilator
Line 5 - Number of Patients by Type - number of patients who are ambulatory and the
number of litter patients. This determines whether or not the helo should be configured to
carry litters. Use the following codes:
Lima- litter patients
Alpha- ambulatory patients
Line 6 - Security of Pickup Site - whether or not the enemy is near the LZ. If all of your
casualties are routine and the LZ is not secured, then you may not get your requested
CASEVAC approved. Use the following codes:
November- no enemy troops in area
Papa- possible enemy troops (approach with caution)
Echo- enemy troops in area (approach with caution)
X-Ray- enemy troops in area (armed escort required)
Line 7 - Method of Marking Pickup Site -method that you will use to mark your LZ and then
ask the pilot to identify. Use the following codes:
Alpha- panels
Bravo- pyrotechnic signal
Charlie- smoke signal
Delta- none
Echo- other
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13. Line 8 - Patient’s Nationality and Status - patients’ nationality and status. Use the following
codes:
Alpha- US military
Bravo- US civilian
Charlie- non USmilitary
Delta- non UScivilian
Echo- enemy prisoner of war
Line 9 - NBC Contamination - whether the LZ has been contaminated with NBC agents. Use
the following codes:
November- nuclear
Bravo- biological
Charlie- chemical
Example: During a routine patrol your platoon takes two casualties. One receives a gunshot wound to his
right arm. The other receives a gunshot wound to his abdomen and has signs and symptoms of shock
associated with internal hemorrhage. While you perform initial treatment, members of your platoon determine
that the closest potential landing zone for a helicopter is 300 feet to the West. Its grid location on the map is
DH 1234 5678. Your call sign is Blue Thunder and your unit is operating on the frequency 99.65. Your unit
commander informs you that the site is secure and will be marked with green smoke. The following would be
your nine line radio CASEVAC Request transmission:
Line 1: DH 12345678
Line 2: 99.65 Blue Thunder
Line 3: 1 Bravo, 1 Charlie
Line 4: Alpha
Line 5: 1 Lima, 1 Alpha
Line 6: November
Line 7: Charlie
Line 8: 2 Alpha
Line 9: None
Figure 23. Nine-Line Tactical Evacuation Request Example
REFERENCES
Pre-hospital Trauma Life Support, Military Edition, 6th Edition, Chapter 22
Medical Evacuation In A Theatre of Operations, FM 8-10-6, Chapters 5, 7-11
Health Service Support, JP 4-02, Chapter I
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14. CASEVAC Review
1. Identify three different facilities that fall under the Forward Resuscitative Capability.
2. How many litter patients can be carried in an M-997 vehicle.
3. Describe the difference between the Urgent and Urgent Surgical categories.
4. In relation to the Nine Line evacuation request, what are “authorized brevity codes”?
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