Cooperative banks are financial institutions that are owned and operated by their members. They are owned by local communities who share a common interest. Cooperative banks provide banking services like loans and deposits to their members. They operate under the Cooperative Societies Act and are registered as cooperatives. The earliest known cooperative credit union in India was established in 1889 in Baroda. Cooperative banks primarily serve rural and agricultural communities.
What is a regional rural bank ? What is the shareholding pattern of RRB? What are its role and functions ? The organizational structure of RRBs. List and objectives of RRBs. It is a presentation presented by 5 .
What is a regional rural bank ? What is the shareholding pattern of RRB? What are its role and functions ? The organizational structure of RRBs. List and objectives of RRBs. It is a presentation presented by 5 .
This is a simple presentation about microfinance and important of it in developing country. I briefly described about service and impact of it.
I prepared it to present in university.
University of Economics in Katowice, Poland.
Suman Bhattarai (Nepal)
Meaning, Features of RRBs, Objectives of Regional Rural Banks, Formation and Development of Regional Rural Banks, Reform process of RRBs, For Development/ Promotion/ & Effectiveness of RRBs., Working of RRBs, Functions of RRBs, Structure of Rural Credit
This is a simple presentation about microfinance and important of it in developing country. I briefly described about service and impact of it.
I prepared it to present in university.
University of Economics in Katowice, Poland.
Suman Bhattarai (Nepal)
Meaning, Features of RRBs, Objectives of Regional Rural Banks, Formation and Development of Regional Rural Banks, Reform process of RRBs, For Development/ Promotion/ & Effectiveness of RRBs., Working of RRBs, Functions of RRBs, Structure of Rural Credit
“A Study On various loans offered by G.V.S.S.ni.., Gangavathi.”Vinay Venu
Loans and Advance are the most important of any banking organization. Loan is a type of
debt. Like all debt instruments, a loan entails the redistribution of financial assets over time. The
borrower initially receives an amount of from the lender, which they pay back, usually but not
always in regular Installment, to the lender. The services is generally provided at a cost, referred
to as interest on the debt. The sum of borrowed money (principal) that is generally repaid with
interest. Loan-to-value-ratio the relation between the amount of the mortgage loan and the
Appraised value of the property expressed as a percentage Lock Lenders guarantee that the
mortgage are quoted will be good for a specific number of days from day of application. Money
margin, the amount of a lender adds to the index on an Adjustable ratio mortgage to establish the
adjusted interest rate.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. CO-OPERATIVE BANKS
A co-operative bank is a financial entity which belongs to its members, who are
at the same time the owners and the customers of their bank. Co-operative
banks are often created by persons belonging to the same local or professional
community or sharing a common interest. Co-operative banks generally provide
their members with a wide range of banking and financial services (loans,
deposits, banking accounts). They are registered under the Cooperative Societies
Act, 1912, and governed by the Banking Regulations Act 1949 and Banking Laws
(co-operative societies) Act, 1965.
Anyonya Sahakari Mandali, established in 1889 in the province of Baroda, is the
earliest known cooperative credit union in India.
3. CO-OPERATIVE BANK COMMERCIAL BANK
Federal structure in nature i.e at the top level State
Co-operative Banks ,and at the village level primary
Co-operative credit Societies
They are functioning on branch banking and the
branches are located in all areas rural, urban,etc. the
head office contain branches through Zonal Office
They are generally concentrating on rural credit and
provide credit facilities to agricultural and rural
activities.
They are mainly concentrating on the requirements
of trade and industry.
In Co-operative Banks the borrowers are usually their
members.
Borrowers can be any including individuals
institutions.
The Co-operative Banks provide a little higher rate of
interest on deposits as compared to commercial
banks.
The Commercial Banks provide a lesser rate of
interest as compared to co-operative banks.
DIFFERENCE: COMMERCIAL AND CO-OPERATIVE BANKS
4. FEATURES OF CO-OPERATIVEBANKS:
They are organized and managed on the principal of co-operation, self-help, and mutual help. They function
with the rule of one member, one vote.
Function on "no profit, no loss" basis. Co-operative banks, as a principle, do not pursue the goal of profit
maximization.
Co-operative bank performs all the main banking functions of deposit mobilization, supply of credit and
provision of remittance facilities. Co-operative Banks provide limited banking products and are functionally
specialists in agriculture related products. However, co-operative banks now provide housing loans also.
UCBs provide working capital loans and term loan as well.
Co-operative bank do banking business mainly in the agriculture and rural sector. However, UCBs, SCBs, and
CCBs operate in semi urban, urban, and metropolitan areas also.
Co-operative banks are perhaps the first government sponsored, government-supported, and government
subsidised financial agency in India. They get financial and other help from the Reserve Bank of India
NABARD, central government and state governments.
5. FUNCTIONS
1. Cooperative banks in India finance rural areasunder:
Farming Cattle
Milk
Personal finance
2. Cooperative banks in India finance urban areasunder:
Self-employment
Industries
Small scale units
Home finance
Consumer finance
Personal finance
6. IMPORTANCE OF CO-OPERATIVE BANK
Indian cooperative structures are one of the largest such networks in the with more than 200
million members. It amounts to about 67% of the total rural credit.
Integral Part for Credit To Agriculture
Important Instrument in Small Scale Operation
Extensive branch network
Traditional importance
7. ADVANTAGESOF COOPERATIVESOCIETY
1. Easy to form:
Any ten adults can join together and form a cooperative society. Registration of a
cooperative society is very simple and easy. No legal formalities are required for
the formation of cooperative society.
2. No obstruction for membership:
Unless and otherwise specifically debarred, the membership of cooperative
society is open to everybody. Nobody is obstructed to join on the basis of
religion, caste, creed, sex and colour etc. A person can become a member of a
society at any time he likes and can leave the society when he does not like to
continue as ; member.
8. 3. Limited liability:
In most cases, the liabilities of the members of the society is limited to the
extent of capital contributed by them. Hence, they are relieved from the fear of
attachment of their private property, in case of the society suffers financial
losses.
4. Service motive:
In Cooperative society members are provided with better good and services at
reasonable prices. The society also provides financial help to its members < the
concessional rates. It assists in setting up production units and marketing of
produces c small business houses so also small farmers for their agricultural
products.
9. 5. Democratic management:
The cooperative society is managed by the elected members from and among
themselves. Every member has equal rights through its single vote but can take
active part in' the formulation of the policies of the society. Thus all member are
equally important for the society.
6. Stability and continuity:
A cooperative society cannot be dissolved by the death insolvency, lunacy,
permanent incapability of the members. Therefore, it has stable life are
continues to exist for a longer period. It has got separate legal existence. New
members m< join and old members may quit the society but society continues
to function unless are otherwise all members unanimously decided to close the
same.
10. 7. Economic operations:
eliminations of middlemen. The services of middlemen are provided by
The operation carried on by the cooperative society economical due to the
the
members of the society with the minimum cost. In the case of cooperative society,
the recurring and non-recurring expenses are very less. Further, the economies of
scale-ma production or purchase, automatically reduces the procurement price of
the goods, thereby minimises the selling price.
9. State patronage:
Government provides special assistance to the societies to enable them to achieve
their objectives successfully. Therefore, the societies are given financial lo< at lower
rates. Government also extends many type of subsidies to cooperative societies
strengthening their financial stability and sustainable growth in future.
11. DISADVANTAGESOF COOPERATIVESOCIETY:
1. Limited resources:
Cooperative societies financial strength depend on the cap contributed by its members
and loan raising capacity from state cooperative banks. The membership fee is limited
for which they are unable to raise large amount of resources as their members belong to
the lower and middle class. Thus, cooperative are not suitable for the large scale
business which require huge capital.
2. Inefficient management:
A cooperative society is managed by the members only. They do not possess any
managerial and special skills. This is considered as major drawback of this sector.
Inefficiency of management may not bring success to the societies.
12. 3. Lack of secrecy:
The cooperative society does not maintain any secrecy in business because the affairs of the
society is openly discussed in the meetings. But secrecy is very important for the success of a
business organisation. This paved the way for competitors to compete in more better manner.
4. Cash trading:
The cooperative societies sell their products to outsiders only in cash. But, they are usually from
the poor sections. These persons require to avail credit facilities which is not possible in the case
of cooperatives. Hence, marketing is a shortcoming for the cooperatives.
5. Absence of motivation:
The members may not feel enthusiastic because the law governing the cooperatives put some
restriction on the rate of return. Absence of relationship between work and reward discourage
the members to put their maximum effort in the society.
13. 6. Excessive Government interference:
Government put their nominee in the Board of management of cooperative society. They
influence the decision of the Board which may or may not be favourable for the interest of the
society. Excessive state regulation, interference with the flexibility of its operation affects
adversely the efficiency of the management of the society.
7. Disputes and differences:
The management of the society constitutes the various types of personnel from different social,
economical and academic background. Many a times they strongly differs from each other on
many important issues. This becomes detrimental to the interest of the society. The different
opinions and disputes may paralyses the effectiveness of the management.
14. 8. They do not provide long term loans to industries.
9. Banking operations are conducted on the co-operative basis and not on commercial basis.
10. Banking services are provided but on a limited scale .
11. Such banks hardly indulge in to merchant banking.
12. None of the co-operative banks operate mutual funds
16. CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVEBANKS
These are the federations of primary credit societies in a district and are of two types- those
having a membership of primary societies only and those having a membership of societies as
well as individuals. The funds of the bank consist of share capital, deposits, loans and overdrafts
from state co-operative banks and joint stocks. These banks provide finance to member societies
within the limits of the borrowing capacity of societies. They also conduct all the business of a
joint stock bank.
17. STATECO-OPERATIVE BANKS
The state co-operative bank is a federation of central co-operative bank and acts as a watchdog
of the co-operative banking structure in the state. Its funds are obtained from share capital,
deposits, loans and overdrafts from the Reserve Bank of India. The state cooperative banks lend
money to central co-operative banks and primary societies and not directly to the farmers.
18. LAND DEVELOPMENTBANKS
The Land Development Banks meet the long term credit requirements of the farmers for
developmental purposes. They are supervised National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
development (NABARD). The state land development banks oversee the the primary land
development banks situated in the districts and tehsil areas in the state. They are governed both
by the state government and Reserve Bank of India. Recently, The sources of funds for these
banks are the debentures subscribed by both central and state government. These banks do not
accept deposits from the general public.
LAND
DEVELOPMET
BANKS
STATE
19. DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANKS (DCCBS) AND STATECO-
OPERATIVE BANKS(SCBS)
They are co-operative banks at the district level and at the state level. Each district will have not
more than one DCCB with a number of DCCBs reporting to the SCB.
Earlier these two tiers were also under the supervision of the RBI. However, following the
establishment of the National Bank of Agriculture and Development (Nabard) in 1982, the
supervisory function of these banks has been passed on to Nabard.
The major objectives of the DCBs are to provide loans to affiliated societies, to act as a
balancing centre of finance for primary societies, to arrange for the supervision and control of
the affiliated societies, to raise deposits from members and non-members, to convene
conferences of the member societies and also prescribe uniform procedure for the working of
primary societies, to open branches of the bank at important places with the permission of the
Registrar of Co-operative Societies and to maintain and utilise state partnership.
These apex banks or State Co-operative Banks are formed by federating DCBs in each state. The
apex banks assume a key-position in the co-operative credit structure because the financial
assistance from RBI and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development are invariably
routed through them.
20. PROBLEMS OF COOPERATIVEBANKS
The biggest problem facing co-operative banks is the they have more than one master
— in the case of UCBs, you have the RBI and the Registrar of Co-operative Societies
(RCS) of the respective state and in the case of the district and state co- operative
banks, you have NABARD, the RBI and the RCS.
Given the close links between politicians and co-operatives and the fact that the RCS
functions under the state government, in practice this dual or triple custody of the
health of co-operative bnks has, in practice, led to poor supervision and control. Also
most co-operative banks are lacking in skill/expertise.
Recruitments are politicised as are appointments at most levels. Income recognition
and prudential norms that were introduced for commercial banks in the early 90s
were also not extended to the co-operative sector.