This document provides an overview of rural lending programs of commercial banks in India. It discusses the importance of rural credit for farmers and small businesses. It then describes the role of commercial banks in providing rural credit and their various loan programs targeted at agriculture and rural populations. It also discusses the types of commercial banks in India including private banks, public sector banks, foreign banks, and regional rural banks. Finally, it covers policies around branch expansion and sectoral allocation targets for priority sector lending.
Chapter 1 Indian banking introduction newNayan Vaghela
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Meaning & Definition of Bank, Portfolio Management, Role of Banking Sector in Economic Development, Constituents of Banking System in India, Functional Classification of Banks
Chapter 1 Indian banking introduction newNayan Vaghela
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Meaning & Definition of Bank, Portfolio Management, Role of Banking Sector in Economic Development, Constituents of Banking System in India, Functional Classification of Banks
BANKING - INTRODUCTION - ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANKS - Meaning of Bank - FEATURES OF BANKING - LICENSING OF BANKS - IMPORTANCE OF BANKING - FUNCTIONS OF BANKS - COMMERCIAL BANKS - TYPE OF BANKING ON THE BASIS OF THEIR FUNCTION - CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS OR BANKING SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE - FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS - CENTRAL BANKING - DIFFERENT BETWEEN CENTRAL BANKING AND COMMERCIAL BANKING - RESERVE BANK OF INDIA - ORIGIN - MONETARY POLICY -MEANING - ONLINE BANKING
Banking Architecture in India, Banking Regulation, Monitoring and Control in ...banhi.guha
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Evolution of banks in India, growth of banking in pre and post-independence period, nationalization of banks, diversification of banking activities, banking sector reforms, RBI and its functions
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
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In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
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Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
BANKING - INTRODUCTION - ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BANKS - Meaning of Bank - FEATURES OF BANKING - LICENSING OF BANKS - IMPORTANCE OF BANKING - FUNCTIONS OF BANKS - COMMERCIAL BANKS - TYPE OF BANKING ON THE BASIS OF THEIR FUNCTION - CLASSIFICATION OF BANKS OR BANKING SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE - FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS - CENTRAL BANKING - DIFFERENT BETWEEN CENTRAL BANKING AND COMMERCIAL BANKING - RESERVE BANK OF INDIA - ORIGIN - MONETARY POLICY -MEANING - ONLINE BANKING
Banking Architecture in India, Banking Regulation, Monitoring and Control in ...banhi.guha
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Evolution of banks in India, growth of banking in pre and post-independence period, nationalization of banks, diversification of banking activities, banking sector reforms, RBI and its functions
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
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In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
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Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
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Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
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Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
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Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
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Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange đź’± this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAYÂ you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
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USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
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There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
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As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
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Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
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If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
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The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
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The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Rural Credit
Agriculture is the primary source of income of individuals residing in the rural
regions across India. Every year, farmers and peasants need to invest a
considerable amount of funds to ensure a healthy harvest. Thus, they often resort
to borrowing money from moneylenders and financial institutions to fulfill their
basic needs before harvest season arrives, and they can earn money by selling
their crops.
Thus, any loan taken for agricultural purposes or small home businesses
across the rural areas in India is known as a Rural Credit.
3. Importance of Rural Credit in India
Rural Credit is Necessary for the Following Reasons –
1.The gestation period in agriculture is significant, which means that the period
from sowing the crop to selling the produce is vast. Therefore, Rural Credit helps
farmers with their livelihood until the crops are ready for sale in the market.
2.The credit can help farmers acquire seeds, tools, fertilizers, and more, which
are essential parts of their trade.
3.Another valid reason for availing of Rural Credit is to mitigate personal
expenses, such as marriage, religious functions, death, and more. Additionally,
such financial assistance can also aid in repaying outstanding debts.
4. A commercial bank is an entity whose economic activity is financial intermediation.
In other words, it takes deposits from the public and directs those resources to
grant credits to obtain a profit.
These banks can generate profits from the interest rate they charge for the
financing granted. Thus, they not only recover the borrowed money but also obtain
additional income.
Commercial banks are usually involved in the opening and maintenance of
savings accounts or current accounts.
Through these products, customers make deposits to keep their money safe and
achieve a small return.
5.
6. Importance of Commercial Banks
Commercial banks are vital to a nation’s economy.
1.They offer essential banking services to end users and help create market capital
and liquidity by taking consumers’ funds and lending them to others.
2.Commercial banks play a role in credit creation, which increases production,
employment, and consumer spending, thereby boosting the economy.
3. These banks are heavily regulated by the central bank of that country, the RBI, in
India.
For example, central banks impose reserve requirements on commercial banks,
which means that the commercial banks would need to hold a certain percentage of
their consumer deposits at the central bank in case of a rush to withdraw funds from
the general public.
These entities help markets thrive and, if their influence is used well, can positively
foster development so that more people can access essential services and
consumer goods.
7. Types of Commercial Banks
Commercial banks are classified into two categories, i.e., scheduled commercial
banks and non-scheduled commercial banks.
Furthermore, scheduled commercial banks are classified into three types:
1.Private Banks
When individuals own more than 51% of the share capital, that banking company is
private. However, these banks are companies on the stock market on a recognized
stock exchange.
the private banks in India are Axis Bank, Bandhan Bank,City Union Bank,DCB
Bank,Dhanlaxmi Bank,Federal Bank, HDFC Bank,ICICI Bank,IDBI Bank,IDFC
Bank,IndusInd Bank,Jammu and Kashmir Bank,Karnataka Bank,Karur Vysya
Bank,Kotak Mahindra Bank,Lakshmi Vilas Bank, Nainital Bank,RBL Bank,South
Indian Bank,tamilnad Mercantile Bank and YES Bank.
2.Public Banks
When the Government owns more than 51% of the share capital of a listed banking
company, that bank is called a public sector bank. SBI is the largest public sector
bank in India and is ranked among the top 50 banks in the world. Listed below are the
public banks in India.
Bank of Baroda, Bank of India,Bank of Maharashtra,Canara Bank
Central Bank of India,Indian Bank,ndian Overseas Bank,Punjab & Sind Bank
Punjab National Bank,State Bank of India,UCO Bank,nion Bank of India
8. Foreign Banks-part of private sector banks
Banks established in foreign countries and branches in the home country are
called foreign banks.
Some of the top foreign banks operating in India are –
American Express Banking Corporation, Bank of America
Barclays Bank, BNP Paribas, Citibank, DBS Bank India Limited, Deutsche Bank
HSBC Bank,J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, The Royal Bank
of Scotland and United Overseas Bank Ltd
Regional Rural Banks
Regional Rural Banks usually operate at regional levels in different states of India
and they provide credit to weaker sections of the society like agricultural laborers,
marginal farmers, and small enterprises.
9. Regional Rural Banks
Regional Rural Banks usually operate at regional levels in different states of
India and they provide credit to weaker sections of the society like agricultural
laborers, marginal farmers, and small enterprises.
The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975 under the
provisions of the Ordinance promulgated on 26th September 1975 and
Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
RRBs are financial institutions which ensure adequate credit for agriculture
and other rural sectors.
The RRBs combine the characteristics of a cooperative in terms of the
familiarity of the rural problems and a commercial bank in terms of its
professionalism and ability to mobilise financial resources.
After the reforms in the 1990s, the government in 2005-06 initiated a
consolidation program that resulted in the number of RRBs declining from
196 in 2005 to 43 in FY21, and 30 of the 43 RRBs reported net profits.
10. Functions of RRB’s:
The basic functions of a bank can be summarized as follows:
To provide safety to the savings of customers
To create credit and increase the supply of money
To encourage public confidence in the financial system
To mobilize the savings of public
To increase its network so as to reach every segment of the society
To provide financial services to all customers irrespective of their level of income
To bring in social equity by providing financial services to every stratum of society.
What are the Issues Related to RRBs?
1.Rising Cost: The rising cost of operations of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) as
compared to scheduled commercial banks.
The government wants them to work towards increasing their earnings.
2.Limited Activities: Due to the fact that many of these branches don't have enough
business, they are incurring losses.
In rural areas, they mainly offer government schemes like Direct Benefit ransfer.
3.Low Internet Banking: At present only 19 RRBs have internet banking facilities and
lower percent of having mobile banking licenses.
4.Existing regulations allow only those RRBs to offer internet banking which
maintains minimum statutory capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CRAR) of more
than 10%.
11. Functions of Commercial Banks
1. Mobilize savings for capital creation
Commercial banks help mobilize savings through a banking network. People in
developing economies have low incomes, but banks can induce them to save by
introducing a variety of deposit schemes to suit individual needs. Banks also
mobilize the savings of the wealthy few. By mobilizing these people’s savings,
banks can channel them to carry out productive and investment activities. Therefore,
commercial banks are crucial to help capital formation in a developing country,
creating jobs and markets, and boosting capitalism.
2. Finance the industry
Commercial banks finance the industrial sector in multiple ways. They provide
short-term, medium-term, and long-term loans and three-year or even multi-year
loans to help the industry, which is very rudimentary, particularly in the case of
some developing nations, and help them grow and flourish. Commercial banks
provide manufacturing activities and entrepreneurs with the confidence they need to
grow their businesses on a large scale. In the same way, commercial banks can
finance the actions and ventures of large companies that go public.
12. 3. Finance trade
Commercial banks help in the financing of both internal and external trade. Banks
provide loans to retailers and superstores to store the goods they trade. They also
help the movement of goods from one place to another by providing all kinds of
facilities such as discounts and accepting letters or promissory notes to provide
resources. However, they finance exports and imports of developing countries by
providing currency exchange facilities to exporters and importers of goods.
4. Finance agriculture
Commercial banks help finance the agricultural sector in developing countries in
multiple ways. They provide loans to traders in agricultural commodities. They
also open a network of branches in rural areas by providing agricultural credit.
Commercial banks provide direct financing to farmers for the commercialization of
their products, modernization, and technification of their farms, by providing
irrigation technologies, resources for land development, etc.
These banks also provide financial assistance for industrial-scale animal
husbandry, cattle raising, sheep farming, chicken farming, fish farming, and
horticulture. In some cases, small farmers are also reached by microcredit tools
from commercial institutions or microfinance institutions. Commercial banks, in
theory, are prepared to provide financial assistance for all economic activities in
rural areas.
13. 5. Financing of consumer goods
In developing countries, commercial banks help buyers to invest in durable
consumer goods like home appliances, cars, etc. These banks can give consumers
credit to buy movable and immovable goods. They also help people improve their
living standards by providing them with the necessary resources.
6. Finance activities that generate employment
Commercial banks help finance employment-generating activities in developing
and developed countries in multiple ways. They provide loans for young people to
pursue higher education in engineering, medicine, and other high-skilled vocational
pursuits. They also grant credits for young entrepreneurs, engineering and medical
students, and others seeking technical training to establish their businesses. All
commercial banks provide such credit facilities. Thus, help form human capital for
start-ups and foreign companies that establish themselves in a country. Still, they
also help finance entrepreneurial activities and new talents, brands, inventions, etc.
14. 7. Help the government and central banks in monetary policy
Commercial banks help the economic development of a country by faithfully
following the central bank’s monetary policy. Central banks depend on commercial
banks to successfully implement monetary policy by following their dictates to drive
the development of the economy.
These banks contribute so much to the growth of economies by granting loans for
agriculture, for industry, helping the formation of physical and human capital, and
by following the monetary policy of the monetary authorities of a country.
15.
16.
17.
18. Table 01: Agency-wise ground level credit (agriculture) targets for FY2022 (` lakh crore)
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in GLC disbursement show that overall
expected GLC achievement will exceed the target fixed for the year (Table 01).
19. Policies and Performance of Commercial Banks
i) Branch Expansion
The branch expansion policy for 1982-83 aimed at achieving a coverage of one bank
office, on an average, for a population of 17000 in the rural and semi-urban areas (as per 1981 census) in each block and
also to eliminate spatial gaps in the availability of banking facilities so that a rural branch was available within a distance of 10
km and would serve an area of about 200 square kilometres.
The population norm has been relaxed from March 31, 1990 to 10,000
with regard to tribal / hilly areas and sparsely populated regions.
Bangalore-based Canara Bank set up 723 branches in 2013, while State Bank of India, the largest lender, opened 627.
Among private lenders, ICICI opened the highest number, 587.
The majority of branches were opened in non-metropolitan locations, as lenders focused on expanding the reach in
unbanked and under-banked regions. HDFC Bank, the second largest private lender, opened 333 of its 339 new branches in
rural and semi-urban centres. About 80 per cent of Canara Bank's new branches were outside metro and urban locations.
20. ii) Sectoral allocation
Lending to Priority Sector
At a meeting of the National Credit Council held in July 1968, it was emphasized that
commercial banks should increase their involvement in the financing of priority
sectors, viz., agriculture and small-scale industries. The description of the priority
sectors was later formalized in 1972 on the basis of the report submitted by the
Informal Study Group on Statistics relating to advances to the Priority Sectors
constituted by the Reserve Bank in May 1971.
On the basis of this report, the Reserve Bank prescribed a modified return for
reporting priority sector advances and certain guidelines were issued in this
connection indicating the scope of the items to be included under the various
categories of priority sector.
Although initially there was no specific target fixed in respect of priority sector lending,
in November 1974 the banks were advised to raise the share of these sectors in their
aggregate advances to the level of 33 1/3 per cent by March 1979.