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![Water is a very unusual compound; it is
very common and is found in all three
conditional states, solid (as ice), liquid (as
water) and gas (as water vapor). Other types
of bonding can occur, such as covalent
bonding (as seen in the formation of
molecular oxygen) or ionic bonding (as seen in
the formation of salt or sodium
chloride[NaCl]). Hydrogen bonding can break
up the electrical attraction of atoms of solids
and dissolves them.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cooperativelearning-130205100639-phpapp01/75/Cooperative-learning-13-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byPilaiwan Kookkik
Cooperative learning
The document discusses the structure and properties of water molecules. It explains that a water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom at an angle of 105 degrees, giving the molecule a slight positive and negative charge. This allows hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules, giving water its unique liquid properties even at room temperature. The document also describes how water can absorb large amounts of heat without much change in temperature, and how its heat capacity helps regulate temperatures in the environment.
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Cooperative learning
- 1. Cooperative Learning CLIL: Chemistry Water Molecule Mattayomsuksa 4
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- 10. Noun clause Definition A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause. Examples • The bonding angle of the two hydrogen is almost 105 degrees rather than 180 degrees which would make the molecule symmetrical. • This means that it can absorb or can lose a lot of heat energy without changing its temperature very much.
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- 12. The water moleculeis formed from two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The bonding angle of the two hydrogens is almost 105 degrees rather than 180 degrees which would make the molecule symmetrical. This causes it to be dipolar, giving it a positive and negative side which accounts for its unique properties. This allows the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules. There is a weak intermolecular force of electrostatic attraction between the molecules which is known as van der Waals force. This causes the molecules to act as larger units than the individual molecules.
- 13. Water is avery unusual compound; it is very common and is found in all three conditional states, solid (as ice), liquid (as water) and gas (as water vapor). Other types of bonding can occur, such as covalent bonding (as seen in the formation of molecular oxygen) or ionic bonding (as seen in the formation of salt or sodium chloride[NaCl]). Hydrogen bonding can break up the electrical attraction of atoms of solids and dissolves them.
- 14. In ice crystalsthe water molecules are widely separated, while in the liquid form they are closer together although less tightly bound. Therefore ice is bulkier and less dense and floats on water. If we compare the freezing and boiling points of water with what one would predict from extrapolating the molecular weights of other molecules, we see that it would be predicted to freeze at -90 degrees C and boil at -68 degrees C. What a different world we would have. So much for the validity of extrapolation.
- 15. The heat capacityof water is high compared to other common materials. This means that it can absorb or can lose a lot of heat energy without changing its temperature very much. This buffers the environment against large, rapid temperature changes. An example is the more moderate climate of a coastal location compared to one far inland. The diel temperature change of the surface waters of the oceans (or lakes, or even a swimming pool) is small compared to the diel temperature change of the surrounding air. This is due to the high heat capacity of water.
- 16. Water Molecules onthe Move (Test the speed of water molecule with food coloring)
- 17. This experiment isgreat for testing if hot water molecules really move faster than cold ones. Pour some water, drop in some food coloring and compare results.
- 18. What you'll need • A clear glass filled with hot water • A clear glass filled with cold water • Food coloring • An eye dropper
- 19. Instructions 1. Fill the glasses with the same amount of water, one cold and one hot. 2. Put one drop of food coloring into both glasses as quickly as possible. 3. Watch what happens to the food coloring.
- 21. What's happening? If you watch closely you will notice that the food coloring spreads faster throughout the hot water than in the cold. The molecules in the hot water move at a faster rate, spreading the food coloring faster than the cold water molecules which mover slower.