This document summarizes a technical seminar on using convolutional neural networks for P300 detection in brain-computer interfaces. The seminar covers an introduction to brain-computer interfaces and the P300 signal, describes existing P300 detection systems and the convolutional neural network approach, and presents the network architecture, learning process, evaluation results on two datasets showing improved detection rates over other methods, and conclusions. The seminar demonstrates that the convolutional neural network approach outperforms existing methods for P300 detection, especially with a limited number of electrodes or training epochs.
A comprehensive tutorial on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which talks about the motivation behind CNNs and Deep Learning in general, followed by a description of the various components involved in a typical CNN layer. It explains the theory involved with the different variants used in practice and also, gives a big picture of the whole network by putting everything together.
Next, there's a discussion of the various state-of-the-art frameworks being used to implement CNNs to tackle real-world classification and regression problems.
Finally, the implementation of the CNNs is demonstrated by implementing the paper 'Age ang Gender Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks' by Hassner (2015).
In machine learning, a convolutional neural network is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks that have successfully been applied fpr analyzing visual imagery.
Convolutional Neural Network - CNN | How CNN Works | Deep Learning Course | S...Simplilearn
This presentation on Convolutional neural network tutorial (CNN) will help you understand what is a convolutional neural network, hoe CNN recognizes images, what are layers in the convolutional neural network and at the end, you will see a use case implementation using CNN. CNN is a feed forward neural network that is generally used to analyze visual images by processing data with grid like topology. A CNN is also known as a "ConvNet". Convolutional networks can also perform optical character recognition to digitize text and make natural-language processing possible on analog and hand-written documents. CNNs can also be applied to sound when it is represented visually as a spectrogram. Now, lets deep dive into this presentation to understand what is CNN and how do they actually work.
Below topics are explained in this CNN presentation(Convolutional Neural Network presentation)
1. Introduction to CNN
2. What is a convolutional neural network?
3. How CNN recognizes images?
4. Layers in convolutional neural network
5. Use case implementation using CNN
Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course will transform you into an expert in deep learning techniques using TensorFlow, the open-source software library designed to conduct machine learning & deep neural network research. With our deep learning course, you’ll master deep learning and TensorFlow concepts, learn to implement algorithms, build artificial neural networks and traverse layers of data abstraction to understand the power of data and prepare you for your new role as deep learning scientist.
Why Deep Learning?
It is one of the most popular software platforms used for deep learning and contains powerful tools to help you build and implement artificial neural networks.
Advancements in deep learning are being seen in smartphone applications, creating efficiencies in the power grid, driving advancements in healthcare, improving agricultural yields, and helping us find solutions to climate change. With this Tensorflow course, you’ll build expertise in deep learning models, learn to operate TensorFlow to manage neural networks and interpret the results.
And according to payscale.com, the median salary for engineers with deep learning skills tops $120,000 per year.
You can gain in-depth knowledge of Deep Learning by taking our Deep Learning certification training course. With Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course, you will prepare for a career as a Deep Learning engineer as you master concepts and techniques including supervised and unsupervised learning, mathematical and heuristic aspects, and hands-on modeling to develop algorithms. Those who complete the course will be able to:
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
A comprehensive tutorial on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which talks about the motivation behind CNNs and Deep Learning in general, followed by a description of the various components involved in a typical CNN layer. It explains the theory involved with the different variants used in practice and also, gives a big picture of the whole network by putting everything together.
Next, there's a discussion of the various state-of-the-art frameworks being used to implement CNNs to tackle real-world classification and regression problems.
Finally, the implementation of the CNNs is demonstrated by implementing the paper 'Age ang Gender Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks' by Hassner (2015).
In machine learning, a convolutional neural network is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks that have successfully been applied fpr analyzing visual imagery.
Convolutional Neural Network - CNN | How CNN Works | Deep Learning Course | S...Simplilearn
This presentation on Convolutional neural network tutorial (CNN) will help you understand what is a convolutional neural network, hoe CNN recognizes images, what are layers in the convolutional neural network and at the end, you will see a use case implementation using CNN. CNN is a feed forward neural network that is generally used to analyze visual images by processing data with grid like topology. A CNN is also known as a "ConvNet". Convolutional networks can also perform optical character recognition to digitize text and make natural-language processing possible on analog and hand-written documents. CNNs can also be applied to sound when it is represented visually as a spectrogram. Now, lets deep dive into this presentation to understand what is CNN and how do they actually work.
Below topics are explained in this CNN presentation(Convolutional Neural Network presentation)
1. Introduction to CNN
2. What is a convolutional neural network?
3. How CNN recognizes images?
4. Layers in convolutional neural network
5. Use case implementation using CNN
Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course will transform you into an expert in deep learning techniques using TensorFlow, the open-source software library designed to conduct machine learning & deep neural network research. With our deep learning course, you’ll master deep learning and TensorFlow concepts, learn to implement algorithms, build artificial neural networks and traverse layers of data abstraction to understand the power of data and prepare you for your new role as deep learning scientist.
Why Deep Learning?
It is one of the most popular software platforms used for deep learning and contains powerful tools to help you build and implement artificial neural networks.
Advancements in deep learning are being seen in smartphone applications, creating efficiencies in the power grid, driving advancements in healthcare, improving agricultural yields, and helping us find solutions to climate change. With this Tensorflow course, you’ll build expertise in deep learning models, learn to operate TensorFlow to manage neural networks and interpret the results.
And according to payscale.com, the median salary for engineers with deep learning skills tops $120,000 per year.
You can gain in-depth knowledge of Deep Learning by taking our Deep Learning certification training course. With Simplilearn’s Deep Learning course, you will prepare for a career as a Deep Learning engineer as you master concepts and techniques including supervised and unsupervised learning, mathematical and heuristic aspects, and hands-on modeling to develop algorithms. Those who complete the course will be able to:
Learn more at: https://www.simplilearn.com/
Presentation for the Berlin Computer Vision Group, December 2020 on deep learning methods for image segmentation: Instance segmentation, semantic segmentation, and panoptic segmentation.
A convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks that has Successfully been applied to analyzing visual imagery
We trained a large, deep convolutional neural network to classify the 1.2 million
high-resolution images in the ImageNet LSVRC-2010 contest into the 1000 dif-
ferent classes. On the test data, we achieved top-1 and top-5 error rates of 37.5%
and 17.0% which is considerably better than the previous state-of-the-art. The
neural network, which has 60 million parameters and 650,000 neurons, consists
of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers,
and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax. To make train-
ing faster, we used non-saturating neurons and a very efficient GPU implemen-
tation of the convolution operation. To reduce overfitting in the fully-connected
layers we employed a recently-developed regularization method called “dropout”
that proved to be very effective. We also entered a variant of this model in the
ILSVRC-2012 competition and achieved a winning top-5 test error rate of 15.3%,
compared to 26.2% achieved by the second-best entry.
This presentation displays the applications of CNNs, a quick review about Neural Networks and their drawbacks, the convolution process, padding, striding, convolution over volume, types of layers in CNN, max pool layer, fully connected layer, and lastly the famous CNNs, LetNet-5, AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet and GoogLeNet.
Explores the type of structure learned by Convolutional Neural Networks, the applications where they're most valuable and a number of appropriate mental models for understanding deep learning.
Presentation for the Berlin Computer Vision Group, December 2020 on deep learning methods for image segmentation: Instance segmentation, semantic segmentation, and panoptic segmentation.
A convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks that has Successfully been applied to analyzing visual imagery
We trained a large, deep convolutional neural network to classify the 1.2 million
high-resolution images in the ImageNet LSVRC-2010 contest into the 1000 dif-
ferent classes. On the test data, we achieved top-1 and top-5 error rates of 37.5%
and 17.0% which is considerably better than the previous state-of-the-art. The
neural network, which has 60 million parameters and 650,000 neurons, consists
of five convolutional layers, some of which are followed by max-pooling layers,
and three fully-connected layers with a final 1000-way softmax. To make train-
ing faster, we used non-saturating neurons and a very efficient GPU implemen-
tation of the convolution operation. To reduce overfitting in the fully-connected
layers we employed a recently-developed regularization method called “dropout”
that proved to be very effective. We also entered a variant of this model in the
ILSVRC-2012 competition and achieved a winning top-5 test error rate of 15.3%,
compared to 26.2% achieved by the second-best entry.
This presentation displays the applications of CNNs, a quick review about Neural Networks and their drawbacks, the convolution process, padding, striding, convolution over volume, types of layers in CNN, max pool layer, fully connected layer, and lastly the famous CNNs, LetNet-5, AlexNet, VGG-16, ResNet and GoogLeNet.
Explores the type of structure learned by Convolutional Neural Networks, the applications where they're most valuable and a number of appropriate mental models for understanding deep learning.
BRAIN TUMOR MRI IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND DETECTION IN IMAGE PROCESSINGDharshika Shreeganesh
Image processing is an active research area in which medical image processing is a highly challenging field. Medical imaging
techniques are used to image the inner portions of the human body for medical diagnosis. Brain tumor is a serious life altering
disease condition. Image segmentation plays a significant role in image processing as it helps in the extraction of suspicious regions
from the medical images. In this paper we have proposed segmentation of brain MRI image using K-means clustering algorithm
followed by morphological filtering which avoids the misclustered regions that can inevitably be formed after segmentation of the brain MRI image for detection of tumor location.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY NEURAL NETWORK LEARNING WITH FUZZY CLUSTE...cscpconf
In this paper, Design and Implementation of Binary Neural Network Learning with Fuzzy
Clustering (DIBNNFC), is proposed to classify semisupervised data, it is based on the
concept of binary neural network and geometrical expansion. Parameters are updated
according to the geometrical location of the training samples in the input space, and each
sample in the training set is learned only once. It’s a semisupervised based approach, the
training samples are semi-labelled i.e. for some samples, labels are known and for some
samples data labels are not known. The method starts with classification, which is done by
using the concept of ETL algorithm. In classification process various classes are formed.
These classes classify samples in to two classes after that considers each class as a region and calculates the average of the entire region separately. This average is centres of the region which is used for the purpose of clustering by using FCM algorithm. Once clustering process over labelling of semi supervised data is done, then whole samples would be classify by (DIBNNFC). The method proposes here is exhaustively tested with different benchmark datasets and it is found that, on increasing value of training parameters number of hidden neurons and training time both are getting decrease. The result reported, using real character recognition data set and result will compare with existing semi-supervised classifier, the proposed approach learned with semi-supervised leads to higher classification accuracy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study Of The Fault Diagnosis Based On Wavelet And Fuzzy Neural Network For Th...IJRES Journal
In the fault diagnosis of the motor, the vibration signals can fully reflect the status of the motor. In this paper, on the basis of wavelet packet fault feature extraction, a new approach for motor fault diagnosis based on wavelet packet analysis and fuzzy RBF neural network was presented.The method gains the energy of characteristic channel of bearing failure vibration signals of asynchronous motor, which adopts the technology of wavelet packet analysis. It also composes the characteristics of the vector as input of fuzzy RBF neural network, used to diagnose the induction motor bearing failures. The method overcomes the slow convergence, a long training time, local minimum problems when using BP neural network. Experimental results shows that using fuzzy RBF neural network can improve the accuracy of the motor fault diagnosis.
Mobile Network Coverage Determination at 900MHz for Abuja Rural Areas using A...ijtsrd
This study proposes Artificial Neural Network ANN based field strength prediction models for the rural areas of Abuja, the federal capital territory of Nigeria. The ANN based models were created on bases of the Generalized Regression Neural network GRNN and the Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Network MLP NN . These networks were created, trained and tested for field strength prediction using received power data recorded at 900MHz from multiple Base Transceiver Stations BTSs distributed across the rural areas. Results indicate that the GRNN and MLP NN based models with Root Mean Squared Error RMSE values of 4.78dBm and 5.56dBm respectively, offer significant improvement over the empirical Hata Okumura counterpart, which overestimates the signal strength by an RMSE value of 20.17dBm. Deme C. Abraham ""Mobile Network Coverage Determination at 900MHz for Abuja Rural Areas using Artificial Neural Networks"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30228.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/30228/mobile-network-coverage-determination-at-900mhz-for-abuja-rural-areas-using-artificial-neural-networks/deme-c-abraham
Energy-Efficient Target Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Modifie...ijasuc
One of the major issues in Target-coverage problem of wireless sensor network is to increase the network
lifetime. This can be solved by selecting minimum working nodes that will cover all the targets. This
paper proposes a completely new method, in which minimum working node is selected by modified Ant
colony Algorithm. Experimental results show that the lever of algorithmic complication is depressed and
the searching time is reduced, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithm in terms.
Energy-Efficient Target Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Modifie...ijasuc
One of the major issues in Target-coverage problem of wireless sensor network is to increase the network
lifetime. This can be solved by selecting minimum working nodes that will cover all the targets. This
paper proposes a completely new method, in which minimum working node is selected by modified Ant
colony Algorithm. Experimental results show that the lever of algorithmic complication is depressed and
the searching time is reduced, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithm in terms.
Energy-Efficient Target Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Modifie...ijasuc
One of the major issues in Target-coverage problem of wireless sensor network is to increase the network
lifetime. This can be solved by selecting minimum working nodes that will cover all the targets. This
paper proposes a completely new method, in which minimum working node is selected by modified Ant
colony Algorithm. Experimental results show that the lever of algorithmic complication is depressed and
the searching time is reduced, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithm in terms.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNS) For Prediction of California Bearing Ratio ...IJMER
The behaviour of soil at the location of the project and interactions of the earth materials during and after construction has a major influence on the success, economy and safety of the work. Another complexity associated with some geotechnical engineering materials, such as sand and gravel, is the difficulty in obtaining undisturbed samples and time consuming involving skilled
technician. Knowledge of California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) is essential in finding the road thickness. To cope up with the difficulties involved, an attempt has been made to model C.B.R in terms of Fine Fraction, Liquid Limit, Plasticity Index, Maximum Dry density, and Optimum Moisture content. A multi-layer perceptron network with feed forward back propagation is used to model varying the
number of hidden layers. For this purposes 50 soils test data was collected from the laboratory test
results. Among the test data 30 soils data is used for training and remaining 20 soils for testing using
60-40 distribution. The architectures developed are 5-4-1, 5-5-1, and 5-6-1. Model with 5-6-1 architecture is found to be quite satisfactory in predicting C.B.R of soils. A graph is plotted between
the predicted values and observed values of outputs for training and testing process, from the graph it
is found that all the points are close to equality line, indicating predicted values are close to observed
values
Optimized Neural Network for Classification of Multispectral ImagesIDES Editor
The proposed work involves the multiobjective PSO
based optimization of artificial neural network structure for
the classification of multispectral satellite images. The neural
network is used to classify each image pixel in various land
cove types like vegetations, waterways, man-made structures
and road network. It is per pixel supervised classification using
spectral bands (original feature space). Use of neural network
for classification requires selection of most discriminative
spectral bands and determination of optimal number of nodes
in hidden layer. We propose new methodology based on
multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to
determine discriminative spectral bands and the number of
hidden layer node simultaneously. The result obtained using
such optimized neural network is compared with that of
traditional classifiers like MLC and Euclidean classifier. The
performance of all classifiers is evaluated quantitatively using
Xie-Beni and â indexes. The result shows the superiority of
the proposed method.
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
This presentation is based on an article titled "Knowledge-Primed Neural Networks Enable Biologically Interpretable Deep Learning on Single-Cell Sequencing Data" as an application of Artificial Neural Networks in Gene Regulatory Networks in System Biology.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
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Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
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- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
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Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
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All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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Convolutional neural networks deepa
1. Technical seminar
on
Convolutional Neural Networks
for
P300 Detection with Application to
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Date: 21-03-2012
Presented By:
Deepa D. Shedi
1KS08CS026
8th sem
CSE
2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
The P300 Speller Matrix and Detection
Database
Existing Systems
Convolutional Neural Network
Input Normalization
Neural Network Topology
Learning
Classifiers
Result for P300 Detection
Network Analysis
Character Recognition Rate
Information Transfer Rate
Discussion
Conclusion
3. INTRODUCTION
Brain Computer Interface :
A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a specific type of human-
computer interface that enables the direct communication
between human and computers by analyzing brain
measurements.
Eelectroencephalogram(EEG):
It is a measure of brain’s voltage fluctuations as detected from
scalp electrodes. It captures typical patterns of P300 signals.
P300 :
EPRs are voltage fluctuations in the EEG induced with in the
brain that are time locked to sensory or motor events.
The P300 is positive bump in the ERP named so because it
starts about 300 milliseconds after an event. 1
4. THE P300 SPELLER
MATRIX AND DETECTION
The two classification problems.
P300 detection.
Character Recognition.
Fig 1: P300 detection Fig 2 : Character recognition.
2
5. DATABASE
Data set contains a complete record of P300 evoked
potentials from two subjects.
The subject was presented with a matrix of size 6X6.
2 out of 12 intensifications for rows/columns.
The number of samples for both databases and for each
subject is presented.
Table 1: Database Size for Each Subject
3
6. EXISTING SYSTEMS
This section describes some of the best techniques that have been
proposed during the III BCI competition.
Support Vector Machine(SVM)
Band-pass Filtering
Frequency Filtering And Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Gradient Boosting Method
Component Classifier Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
4
7. CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL
NETWORK
The classifiers that are used for the detection of P300
responses are based on a convolutional neural network
(CNN).
Neural network is a multilayer perceptron (MLP).
Neural network is used for object recognition and
handwriting character recognition.
A classifier based on a CNN seems to be a good approach
for EEG classification
5
8. INPUT NORMALIZATION
Steps in Normalization:
Step 1: Subsampling of
EEG signal to reduce the
size of the data to analyze
and divided by two.
Step 2: Bandpass filtering
of signal to keep
only relevant frequencies.
Normalized Signal :
Fig. 3. Electrode map.
6
10. CONTD.
The network topology is described as follows:
L0: The input layer. Ii,j with 0 ≤ i < Nelec and 0 ≤ j < Nt.
L1: The first hidden layer is composed of Ns maps. We define
L1Mm, the map number m. Each map of L1 has the size Nt.
L2: The second hidden layer is composed of 5Ns maps. Each
map of L2 has six neurons.
L3: The third hidden layer is composed of one map of 100
neurons. This map is fully connected to the different maps of L2.
L4: The output layer. This layer has only one map of two
neurons, which represents the two classes of the problem (P300
and no P300). This layer is fully connected to L3. 8
11. LEARNING
A neuron in the network is defined by n(l, m, j).
This sigmoid function for only one map in the layer:
Convolution of the input signal for first two hidden layers:
The classical sigmoid function is used for the two
last layers:
9
12. LEARNING
σm1(j) represents the scalar product between a set of input
neurons and the weight connections between these neurons
and the neuron number j in the map m in the layer l.
σm1(j) for the four layers.
For L1 :
This layer aims at finding the best electrodes combination for
the classification.
For L2 :
This layer translates subsampling and temporal filters.
10
13. LEARNING
For L3 :
In this layer, each neuron has NsNf +1 input weights. L3
contains 100(5*6*Ns) input connections.
For L4 :
Each neuron of L4 is connected to each neuron of L3.
11
14. LEARNING
Learning rate ϒ for layers L1 and L2 :
Learning rate ϒ for layers L1 and L2 :
The detection of a P300 wave :
12
16. RESULT FOR P300 DETECTION
Results of the P300 Detection for Subject A :
Table 2: Results Obtained After the P300 detection of Subject A.
Results of the P300 Detection for Subject B :
14
Table 3: Results Obtained After the P300 detection of Subject B.
17. RESULT FOR P300 DETECTION
Measures for evaluating the quality of results :
Subject B allows getting better results for the classification.
15
18. NETWORK ANALYSIS
Spatial filters obtained with CNN-1 for subject A.
Fig. 5. Spatial filters obtained with CNN-1 for subject A.
Spatial filters obtained with CNN-1 for subject B.
16
Fig.6. Spatial filters obtained with CNN-1 for subject B.
19. NETWORK ANALYSIS
Electrode Ranking :
Table 4: Ranking of Electrodes
Cumulated probabilities of the P300 detection:
The coordinate of the character are defined by :
17
20. CHARACTER RECOGNITION
RATE
Table 5:Character Recognition Rate (in Percent) for the Different Classifiers 18
21. INFORMATION TRANSFER
RATE
Information Transfer Rate :
T is the time needed to recognize one character. T is
defined by :
Best recognition rate when only 10 epochs are used.
19
22. INFORMATION TRANSFER
RATE
Fig. 7. ITR (in bits per minute) in relation to the number of epochs.
20
23. DISCUSSION
The database has two main interests.
• It forces the system to reach the limit of the P300
detection.
• It is an excellent challenge for the machine learning
community.
Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), the user
has to focus on some visual Stimuli.
The interest of convolutional neural networks is double.
• It allows a high performance in the classification.
• They can allow deeper analysis of brain activity.
21
24. DISCUSSION
In the P300 speller, it is possible that the subject may not
have always focused on the expected target.
Table 6:Confusion of Character Recognition
Comparison
Table 7:Comparison of the Recognition Rate and the ITR with Other Results. 22
25. CONCLUSION
This model is based on a convolutional neural network.
It outperforms the best method in two situations:
•When the number of electrodes is restricted to 8.
• when the number of considered epochs is 10.
The recall of the P300 detection is the main feature that
dictates the overall performance of the P300 speller.
The detection of P300 waves remains a very challenging
problem for both the machine learning and neuroscience
communities.
23
26. REFERENCES
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