Halophiles (Introduction, Adaptations, Applications)Jamil Ahmad
Introduction
Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations.
They are a type of extremophile organisms. The name comes from the Greek word for "salt-loving".
While most halophiles are classified into the Archaea domain, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryota, such as the alga Dunaliella salina or fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga
Secondary Metabolism is a term for pathways for small molecule and products of metabolism that are not absolutely required for the survival of the organism.
A secondary metabolite has an important ecological function.
Examples include antibiotics, mycotoxins etc.
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
Halophiles (Introduction, Adaptations, Applications)Jamil Ahmad
Introduction
Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations.
They are a type of extremophile organisms. The name comes from the Greek word for "salt-loving".
While most halophiles are classified into the Archaea domain, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryota, such as the alga Dunaliella salina or fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga
Secondary Metabolism is a term for pathways for small molecule and products of metabolism that are not absolutely required for the survival of the organism.
A secondary metabolite has an important ecological function.
Examples include antibiotics, mycotoxins etc.
The material describes components of industrial fermentation media with their respective metabolic importance for the industrial microbes. it also addresses industrial scale sterilization methods.
Bergey's Manual and it's classification. A brief concised presentation prepared for taking seminar and classes.
Volume II (Edition 2) described more in detail.
This presentation contains information about Bacterial Taxonomy, techniques of bacterial classification (Classical and Molecular characteristics) and Bergey's Manual
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Role of bacteria in Industry and MedicineRitaSomPaul
It describes positive and negative roles of bacteria in Industry and Medicine. It is a part of Microbiology syllabus in Botany (Hons) as per CBCS system
Immobilization techniques are used by the movement of cells and enzymes. First enzyme immobilized in Japan. The immobilized enzyme is aminoacylase. This process is carried out by various methods such adsorption, covalent bonding, cross linking, entrapment, encapsulation. Immobilization of cells is an alternative method for immobilization of enzymes.
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
A number of preservation techniques are employed to increase the shelf of food by the destruction of micro organisms and inactivation of Food enzymes that may deteriorate the quality of food. One of such technique is using of Irradiations such are U.V rays and I.R rays
Bergey's Manual and it's classification. A brief concised presentation prepared for taking seminar and classes.
Volume II (Edition 2) described more in detail.
This presentation contains information about Bacterial Taxonomy, techniques of bacterial classification (Classical and Molecular characteristics) and Bergey's Manual
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Role of bacteria in Industry and MedicineRitaSomPaul
It describes positive and negative roles of bacteria in Industry and Medicine. It is a part of Microbiology syllabus in Botany (Hons) as per CBCS system
Immobilization techniques are used by the movement of cells and enzymes. First enzyme immobilized in Japan. The immobilized enzyme is aminoacylase. This process is carried out by various methods such adsorption, covalent bonding, cross linking, entrapment, encapsulation. Immobilization of cells is an alternative method for immobilization of enzymes.
“Bioleaching" or "bio-oxidation" employs the use of naturally occurring bacteria, harmless to both humans and the environment, to extract of metals from their ores.
Conversion of insoluble metal sulfides into water-soluble metal sulfates.
It is mainly used to recover certain metals from sulfide ores. This is much cleaner than the traditional leaching.
A number of preservation techniques are employed to increase the shelf of food by the destruction of micro organisms and inactivation of Food enzymes that may deteriorate the quality of food. One of such technique is using of Irradiations such are U.V rays and I.R rays
INTRODUCTION
Several method of employed for preservation and extension of self life of fish ranging from primitive drying/smoking to freezing and freez drying. Another important step forward is the development of technology for transportation of live fish. A notable and conceptual difference from all these method is utilization of ionizing radiation for food preservation.
Preservation of foods using ionizing radiation is called irradiation. Preservation of food by irradiation is on of the truly peaceful uses of atomic energy irradiation of foods has been found useful and effective to:
• Inhibit sprouting or reducing weight losses in vegetable such as potato, onion etc. during storage.
• Delay the ripening of fruits.
• Kill insect pests in fruits, grains or spices.
• Reduce or eliminate food spoiling microorganisms in meat and seafood products.
Method to control bacterial growth kill microorganisms biotech biotechnologies biology kill bacteria. Method to control the microorganisms. Biotech department of health and human services and the status of the tracking number of the tracking number of the tracking number of the tracking number of the tracking number. birthday party for assignment ideology of Pakistan or Bangladesh per month k nhi tha is lia nhi a rha hon wo use the status of work I have to go. Bad ma usa zaleel karain gi phir ma resume kro or phir sale in Lahore Pakistan movement of the status of the status on power point of view is ka mtlb waaat lag rha k ya know the location of nisar ahmad collection site lcs3 a gia yad nhi han cash app download. nhi han cash ha ha k semi rigid ha ha k semi rigid likha han or unse is lia ma nhi a rha.v mhi a gia yad nhi han wo aik order krna ha ha k semi rigid core flooring for mid century modern homes in the status of my. bjy ha Kal Penn station katechary a jao Sirf eng ma hi hota ha ha. gydudy is lia ggjf. Dj premier league and the tracking number.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Radiations Have adverse effect on our environment. We should avoid those radioactive substances. Every one of us should know about radioactive pollution. So please study this presentation for our better environment and healthy life.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Control of micro organisms
Control of microbial growth means to inhibit or
prevent growth of microorganisms.
OR
The term control refers to the reduction in number
or activity of total microbial flora
5. Reasons for controlling micro
organisms
• Control of microorganisms is essential in order to
prevent the transmission of diseases and infection
• stop decomposition and spoilage
• prevent unwanted microbial contamination.
6. Radiation
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and
travels through space at the speed of light. This
energy has an electric field and a magnetic field
associated with it, and has wave-like properties. You
could also call radiation “electromagnetic waves”.
7.
8.
9.
10. Gamma rays
• High energy Radiation
• Emit from certain radio isotopes such as Co.
• The are capable of great penetration into matter.
• The are lethal to all life including micro organisms
11. Physical STERLiZSTION/Radition
STERLiZSTION
STERLiZSTION by radition is known as cold
STERLiZSTION.
Beacuse no heat is use in this method .
Radition STERLiZSTION relies on ionizing
radition.Gamma rays play important role in cold
STERLiZSTION.
12. X Rays
• Lethal to micro organisms
• Unlike ultra violet radition they have
considerable energy and penetration ability.
• They are impractical for purpose of
controlling microbial population bcz they are
expensive.
13. How ionizing radiation control the
growth of microbes
radiation causes damage to the genetic material - the
DNA or the RNA - of the organism's cell.
If the DNA or RNA of a microorganism is damaged,
the cell will die.
14.
15. Non-ionizing radiation
Non-ionizing radiation is any kind of radiation in
the electromagnetic spectrum that does not have
enough energy to remove an electron from an
atom and turn it into an ion.
Non-ionizing radiation includes the spectrum of
ultraviolet (UV), visible light, infrared (IR),
microwave (MW).
16. Ultra violet radiation
• The ultra violet portion of spectrum include all
radiation from 150-3900 Å.
Lamps
• All availablewhich emit high concentration of UV light
in the most effective region, 2600-2700Å.
Example
• Germicidal lamps which emit UV radiation are widely
used to reduce microbial population. e.g. Hospital
operating rooms, pharmaceutical industries, food and
dairy industriesfor treatmentof contaminating surfaces.
17. Mode of action
Ultraviolet light is absorbed by many cellular
material but most significantly by nucleic acid
where it does the most demage.
Demage DNA by producing thyamine dimers which
cause mutation.