Planning and controlling are interdependent functions that reinforce each other. Planning precedes controlling by putting activities on track through goals and strategies. Controlling then succeeds planning by monitoring activities and ensuring they stay on track to achieve goals. If planning fails due to unforeseen events, controlling can help rescue the situation. Effective controlling also provides feedback to improve future planning. Therefore, planning and controlling are inseparable and forward-looking functions that are important for the smooth and coordinated operation of an organization.