Contours in orienteering maps
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The document is about contours on orienteering maps. It defines contours as brown lines that indicate changes in elevation, with closer lines indicating steeper slopes. It describes key landforms like reentrants, which are valleys running down hills; spurs, which are extensions of hills; and saddles, which are low areas between two high points. It provides examples of contour maps and images of terrain, asking the reader to identify features, and explains how contours can help with navigation.
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Maps provide pictures of areas and regions that can tell us many things through correct interpretation. The Earth is approximately a sphere, and locations on its surface are commonly described using latitude and longitude, which are angular distances measured from the center. The Earth is most accurately described as an oblate spheroid, flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. Observation of changes in the altitude of Polaris as one moves north or south provides evidence that the Earth is spherical.
Topography and its representation
This topic includes representation of topography by various non mathematical and mathematical methods.
Pictorial method (Hachure lines, Hill shading)
Mathematical method (Spot heights,Bench marks, Trigonometrical stations, Layer tint or altitude tints, Contour lines )
Combination of different methods
Unit 1 geography
This document provides an overview of key geographic concepts and tools. It discusses what geography is, the importance of maps, and different types of maps. It describes common map elements like legends, scales, and compass roses. It also covers geographic grid systems using latitude and longitude, map projections, and the five fundamental themes of geography - location, place, human-environment interactions, movement, and regions. The goal is to understand how maps are created and used to study both physical and human geography.
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This document provides an overview of key geographic concepts and tools. It discusses what geography is, the importance of maps, and different types of maps. It describes common map elements like legends, scales, and compass roses. It also covers geographic grid systems using latitude and longitude, map projections, and the five fundamental themes of geography - location, place, human-environment interactions, movement, and regions. The goal is to understand how maps are created and used to study both physical and human geography.
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Contours in orienteering maps
- 1. Contours in Orienteering Maps Barbara Bryant New England Orienteering Club Cambridge Sports Union
- 2. 2 Contours are brown lines on an orienteering map.
- 3. 3 Sea level http://raider.muc.edu/~mcnaugma/Topographic%20Maps/contour.htm
- 4. 4 10 feet
- 5. 5 20 feet
- 6. 6 30 feet
- 7. 7 Elevation Which is higher: C or E? B or A? D or C?
- 9. When contour lines are close together, the land is • Flat • Gently sloping • Steep
- 10. When contour lines are close together, the land is • Flat • Gently sloping • Steep
- 11. A hill
- 12. A map of the hill
- 13. Reentrants The word “re-entrant” is a strange orienteering word. It is similar to a valley that runs down a hill, or a gully. It is located on the side of a hill. Water runs down a re-entrant. If you are standing in the middle of a re-entrant, the land goes up on three sides and down on one.
- 14. A deep re-entrant has many contour lines close together
- 15. This hill has two re-entrants
- 16. This hill has a re-entrant that starts halfway up the hill. If you were standing at the bottom of the hill, you might not be able to see the re-entrant, especially if the trees and foliage were thick.
- 17. Re-entrants in the White Mountains of New Hampshire
- 18. Spur: An extension of a hill
- 19. Depression: a low area of land The “hatch” marks or “tags” point downhill. This helps distinguish a depression from a hilltop.
- 20. Saddle: In between two high points and two re-entrants
- 21. Pick the correct map
- 22. Pick the correct map b
- 23. Pick the correct map
- 24. Pick the correct map a
- 25. Pick the correct map
- 26. Pick the correct map b
- 27. Pick the correct map
- 28. Pick the correct map b
- 29. Pick the correct map
- 30. Pick the correct map a
- 31. Pick the correct map
- 32. Pick the correct map c
- 33. Pick the correct map
- 34. Pick the correct map b
- 35. Pick the correct map
- 36. Pick the correct map b
- 37. Pick the correct hill
- 38. Pick the correct hill c
- 39. Pick the correct hill
- 40. Pick the correct hill a
- 41. Pick the correct hill
- 42. Pick the correct hill b
- 43. Pick the correct hill
- 44. Pick the correct hill a
- 45. Pick the correct hill
- 46. Pick the correct hill b
- 47. Pick the correct hill
- 48. Pick the correct hill c
- 49. Pick the correct hill
- 50. Pick the correct hill a
- 51. Pick the correct hill
- 52. Pick the correct hill a
- 53. Pick the correct hill
- 54. Pick the correct hill b
- 55. Now let’s work with the map we’ll use on the field trip Go to the next slide and pick out a hilltop.
- 56. 56 Take a minute to pick out a hilltop. Find some hilltops
- 57. 57 Did I find your hilltop? Hilltops
- 58. 58 Take a minute to pick out a saddle! Find saddles
- 59. 59 Did I find your saddle? Saddles
- 60. Thanks for learning about contours! • Excerpts were from “Armchair Orienteering” by Winifred Stott
Editor's Notes
- http://www.43d.com/images/screenshots/Topos07/contours.png
- https://streamsandforests.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/gully-from-base-of-ravine.jpg
- http://www.land-navigation.com/terrain-features.html