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Basic mountaineering and backpacking
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- 2. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS 1. Why shouldwe go for hiking? 2. Give 3 preparations you need to do before the climb? 3. Give 10 things you need to bring/wear for the hike? 4. What rules/regulations should you observe during the hike? 5. Give 3 learnings you got from our Capistrano Hike that you can apply in our upcoming hike.
- 3. HIKING FOR HEALTH– BENEFITS HIKING BENEFITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Physical Spiritual Mental Emotional Social Environmental
- 4. PHYSICAL HIKING BENEFITS MULTIPLEDIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Lose excess pounds Assist in preventing heart disease Decrease in hypertension (HB) Build stronger bone density and much more!
- 5. SPIRITUAL HIKING BENEFITS MULTIPLEDIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Connect with nature Create purpose in life
- 6. MENTAL & EMOTIONAL HIKINGBENEFITS MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Set mind at ease Enhance knowledge of nature Clear your head from stressful day Free yourself from worry Become calm and relaxed
- 7. SOCIAL HIKING BENEFITS MULTIPLEDIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Connect with others of similar interest Join hiking clubs Enjoy with family and friends
- 8. ENVIRONMENTAL HIKING BENEFITS MULTIPLEDIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Surrounded by positive environment Keep hiking environment clean Become an advocate
- 9. CLIMB PREPARATION Physical fitness Important for safety and to prevent accidents Enjoy scenery and company Physical fitness guidelines: Continuous endurance training through aerobic sports, such as running, swimming, cycling and walking
- 10. CLIMB PREPARATION Weight trainingto build muscular strength and endurance Any participant who gets sick should forego the climb. A sick participant is a liability to the group.
- 11. 6 CATEGORIES OFCLIMBS a. Training Climbs b. Minor Climbs c. Clean-Up Climbs d. Major Climbs: ascents on mountains whose degree of difficulty is higher than those used on training climbs, which usually takes several days to complete.
- 12. e. Guideship Climbs: mountaineersprovide groups with guided ascents. For a fee, select members can organize a trek for groups interested in climbing a certain mountain. f. Exploratory Climbs: the routes of these climbs are established and are ascended for the first time. 6 CATEGORIES OF CLIMBS
- 13. C. Route Planning An ascent must be aided with the aid of maps. The map usually gives information regarding existing and possible routes, communities within the periphery of the mountain, distribution of vegetation, approximate compass bewaring and an 6 CATEGORIES OF CLIMBS
- 14. TRAIL MOVEMENT A) Duringthe trek, there are some conventions followed regarding group formation. The lead man is always in front and is responsible for pacing the group, while the tail man is responsible for bringing up the rear. Line formation on narrow trails should be single file. Overtaking Group Formation
- 15. The ideal distance betweentwo climbers is approximately two(2) meters. TRAIL MOVEMENT Group Formation
- 16. Always startwith a slow pace to slowly warm up your muscles. Then gradually change your pace to the group’s desired pace. The pace of the group should be that of the slowest member or the person who has the heaviest load. TRAIL MOVEMENT Trail Signals
- 17. Should therebe a need to stop, inform the lead or tail man so that he or she can give the appropriate order to stop. Maintain a steady rhythm while trekking. When negotiating steep slopes, keep the rhythm (pace) by shortening your strides. On level ground, maintain the rhythm by taking longer strides. TRAIL MOVEMENT Trail Signals
- 18. E) Rests The intervalbetween different stops will usually depend on the difficulty of the terrain encountered. TRAIL MOVEMENT Rests
- 19. 1. Treks onlevel ground - five (5) minutes rest for every hour of hiking. 2. Ascents - five (5) minutes rest for every thirty (30) minutes of hiking; on steep slopes - five (5) minutes rest for every fifteen (15) minutes of hiking. 3. Descents - five (5) minutes of rest for TRAIL MOVEMENT Rests
- 20. During rest periods,do not sit or lie down at once. Keep standing at least thirty (30) seconds to allow your pulse to slow down to normal levels before sitting down. When resting, sip your water if you are thirsty. Drinking too much quickly will induce an abrupt lowering of your body temperature. TRAIL MOVEMENT Rests
- 21. Preserve thenatural state of the wilderness. Inform the person behind you of imminent obstacles or dangers along the path. When the group is unsure of the proper path toward the objective, several members should scout for the right trail or path. TRAIL MOVEMENT Trail Regulations
- 22. Side trailsnot in use should be closed to prevent others from using them. This can be done by blocking the path with sticks or branches. To make the path safer for hikers following you, cut sharp thorns and poisonous plants along the trail. Do not litter. Pocket TRAIL MOVEMENT Trail Regulations
- 23. Straps, flaps, beltsand knots may come loose during the trek. It is the duty of the person behind you to inform you if you had dropped anything on the trail. In the event of an accident, keep the casualty comfortable and relaxed. Administer first-aid and transfer the person to the nearest clinic or hospital. TRAIL MOVEMENT Trail Regulations
- 24. WATER MANAGEMENT Water discipline 1 liter:trail water Avoid drinking in huge gulps Bring additional if you are a heavy drinker
- 25. GARBAGE MANAGEMENT Trash ofany kind should not be left at jump-off points. Do not reinforce locals’ habit of collecting trash from visitors except if they intend to recycle. Every member of the group is responsible for her trash.
- 26. 1. It shouldnot induce thirst, since it would induce the climber to consume more water. 2. Nutritious and must satisfy your body’s energy requirements. Sweets in general, meet this criteria but may require some catabolic conversions before your body can use it as a fuel. 3. Easy to prepare and should require little or no cooking at all. Time and fuel constraints must be considered. TRAIL FOOD REQUIREMENTS
- 27. TRAIL FOOD REQUIREMENTS Examples:Crackers, nuts, candies, chocolates, fresh or dried fruits, corn flakes, pre-packed gelatins, etc.
- 28. CLIMBING CHECKLIST Money Cellular phone Identificationcard Whistle Hiking boots Backpack Trail water Rain gear Water containers Notebook and pencil Plastic bags and trash bags First aid kit Trail food Packed lunch Sunblock Optional Umbrella Camera and tripod Pack cover
- 29. + WHEN NATURE CALLS… Avoidpolluting water source Eliminate contact with animals and insects Maximize decomposition Minimize the chances of social impacts
- 30. + WHEN NATURECALLS… Pack it in, Pack it out.
- 31. WHEN NATURE CALLS… PACKIT IN, PACK IT OUT.
- 32. Plan Ahead andPrepare Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces Dispose of Waste Properly Leave What You Find Minimize Campfire Impacts Respect Wildlife Be Considerate of Other Visitors LEAVE NO TRACE 7 Principles
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Editor's Notes
- #12 Training Climbs: -usually used to meet training requirements of outdoor or mountaineering groups Minor climbs: - also known as fun climbs. These are usually conducted for their recreational value. They are light and relaxing backpacking trips to accessible places.
- #16 This gap will give climbers some space in which to negotiate the trail and proceed along the group’s pace.
- #26 In some rural areas, the usual mode of disposing trash is by burning, burying and even dumping in waterways. It is better that we know where our trash goes
- #29 “what works for you may not work for others.”
- #30 Picture: cat hole; group gear, shovel isn’t on any list; have this convo with your group/group leader about bring a shovel Rate your ‘bathroom’ by stars (1= whatever, 3= view)… Traditional method. Dig 6-8 inches into the soil 200 feet (about 75 adult steps) from water. The microbes in the soil break down the feces and the pathogens they contain. If you use toilet paper, it is best practice to pack it out with you. If done correctly in an appropriate location it does meet the four objectives BUT in alpine regions and arid lands there is a low amount of organic soil, and therefore not enough activity to support decomposition. Also in alpine regions and arid lands the soils are thin and precipitation is scarce so decomposition is slow. When it does rain, because the soil is thin, shallowly buried waste is often flushed directly into water sources. In these areas, and in the snow, be prepared to pack out your waste!
- #31 Where is digging a hole not an option? -snow (why) -alpine/rock (why) WAG (waste alleviation gelling) bag and Biffy Bag What is really neat about these products is you can throw them in the trash. Poo-powder (kitty litter type powder) deodorizes and neutralizes your waste. DIY WAG bag Can buy bulk poo-powder Can use flushable kitty litter (but then have to deal with flushing it) because it is not neutralized to be thrown in the garbage.
- #32 Pic: Mt. Rainier They contain one clear bag, one blue bag, and twist ties. To use the "Blue Bag," defecate on the snow away from the climbing route and rest areas. Collect the waste using the light blue bag like a glove. Turn the blue bag inside-out and secure with a twist tie. Place the blue bag in the clear bag and secure with a twist tie. Comparable to picking up after your dog - Deposit them in labeled collection barrels. DO NOT DROP USED BLUE BAGS IN TRASH CANS!
- #33 Learning tonight skills that you can – and should – implement in tandem with the technical skills you are learning in this course. To be a well-rounded, responsible climber, you need to be able to implement these low-impact skills just like you need to be able to belay well. BISkills are based on LNT