Gooffellow G, Maino D. Control the computer with your eyes. AOANews 2012;51)5:33.
Can you really control a computer just using your eyes. Read this story in the AOANews to find out!
Mc Kenzie An Eye On Input Research Challenges In Using The Eye For Computer I...Kalle
The human eye, with the assistance of an eye tracking apparatus, may serve as an input controller to a computer system. Much like point-select operations with a mouse, the eye can "look select", and thereby activate items such as buttons, icons, links, or text. Applications for accessible computing are particularly enticing, since the manual ability of disabled users is often lacking or limited. Whether for the able-bodied or the disabled, computer control systems using the eye as an input “device” present numerous research challenges. These involve accommodating the innate characteristics of the eye, such as movement by saccades, jitter and drift in eye position, the absence of a simple and intuitive selection method, and the inability to determine a precise point of fixation through eye position alone.
This document presents a device called FOR(E)SIGHT that was designed to assist visually impaired people. FOR(E)SIGHT uses computer vision techniques like OpenCV, optical character recognition and text-to-speech to help blind users identify objects, read text, and understand gestures. It consists of a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, camera, ultrasonic sensor and headphones. The device detects objects and text using the camera, extracts text using OCR, and converts it to audio using text-to-speech synthesis which is played through headphones. The goal was to create an affordable, small and easy to use device to help blind people with daily living activities.
Visual, navigation and communication aid for visually impaired person IJECEIAES
The loss of vision restrained the visually impaired people from performing their daily task. This issue has impeded their free-movement and turned them into dependent a person. People in this sector did not face technologies revamping their situations. With the advent of computer vision, artificial intelligence, the situation improved to a great extent. The propounded design is an implementation of a wearable device which is capable of performing a lot of features. It is employed to provide visual instinct by recognizing objects, identifying the face of choices. The device runs a pre-trained model to classify common objects from household items to automobiles items. Optical character recognition and Google translate were executed to read any text from image and convert speech of the user to text respectively. Besides, the user can search for an interesting topic by the command in the form of speech. Additionally, ultrasonic sensors were kept fixed at three positions to sense the obstacle during navigation. The display attached help in communication with deaf person and GPS and GSM module aid in tracing the user. All these features run by voice commands which are passed through the microphone of any earphone. The visual input is received through the camera and the computation task is processed in the raspberry pi board. However, the device seemed to be effective during the test and validation.
This seminar discusses the Virtual Retinal Display (VRD), a personal display device that scans light directly onto the viewer's retina. The VRD was invented at the University of Washington in 1991 to produce a full-color, wide field-of-view, high-resolution display. Microvision Inc. now holds the license to commercialize the technology. The VRD consists of a light source, modulator, and scanners that project modulated light in a raster pattern onto the retina. Potential advantages include high brightness, resolution not limited by pixels, low power usage, and the ability to present a true stereoscopic display. Applications could include medical imaging, surgery, manufacturing, communications, and virtual reality or military uses. Further
Face recognition smart cane using haar-like features and eigenfacesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
1) The document describes a prototype for a smart cane with face recognition capabilities to help visually impaired people identify faces.
2) The prototype uses a Raspberry Pi, camera mounted on eyeglasses, and earphones to provide audio feedback. The camera captures images that are analyzed using Haar-like features and eigenfaces algorithms for face detection and recognition.
3) Testing showed the prototype could recognize faces within 1-1.5 meters with 91.67% accuracy for frontal faces but only 18-32% for other positions. It took around 3 seconds to recognize one face and longer for multiple faces.
Porta Ce Cursor A Contextual Eye Cursor For General Pointing In Windows Envir...Kalle
Eye gaze interaction for disabled people is often dealt with by designing ad-hoc interfaces, in which the big size of their elements compensates for both the inaccuracy of eye trackers and the instability of the human eye. Unless solutions for reliable eye cursor control are employed, gaze pointing in ordinary graphical operating environments is a very difficult task. In this paper we present an eye-driven cursor for MS Windows which behaves differently according to the “context”. When the user’s gaze is perceived within the desktop or a folder, the cursor can be discretely shifted from one icon to another. Within an application window or where there are no icons, on the contrary, the cursor can be continuously and precisely moved. Shifts in the four directions (up, down, left, right) occur through dedicated buttons. To increase user awareness of the currently pointed spot on the screen while continuously moving the cursor, a replica of the spot is provided within the active direction button, resulting in improved pointing performance.
This document summarizes an artificial silicon retina (ASR) seminar presentation. It describes how ASR technology works to restore vision by implanting a microchip retinal prosthesis that converts light into electrical signals. The ASR is small enough to fit in the eye and receives power from light, without needing batteries. It sends signals through the optic nerve to the brain, allowing some patients to perceive images. However, ASR technology remains highly experimental and can only provide basic vision currently. Much more research is still needed to develop it further.
This document discusses the development of artificial vision systems to cure blindness. It describes how artificial silicon retinas work to restore some vision by bypassing damaged retinal cells. The artificial silicon retina is a tiny microchip implanted in the eye that contains solar cells to convert light into electrical pulses, similar to the function of retinal rods and cones. It receives power from light entering the eye without needing external batteries or wires. Researchers are also developing other implantable microchips like the artificial retina component chip to restore partial vision for the blind.
Mc Kenzie An Eye On Input Research Challenges In Using The Eye For Computer I...Kalle
The human eye, with the assistance of an eye tracking apparatus, may serve as an input controller to a computer system. Much like point-select operations with a mouse, the eye can "look select", and thereby activate items such as buttons, icons, links, or text. Applications for accessible computing are particularly enticing, since the manual ability of disabled users is often lacking or limited. Whether for the able-bodied or the disabled, computer control systems using the eye as an input “device” present numerous research challenges. These involve accommodating the innate characteristics of the eye, such as movement by saccades, jitter and drift in eye position, the absence of a simple and intuitive selection method, and the inability to determine a precise point of fixation through eye position alone.
This document presents a device called FOR(E)SIGHT that was designed to assist visually impaired people. FOR(E)SIGHT uses computer vision techniques like OpenCV, optical character recognition and text-to-speech to help blind users identify objects, read text, and understand gestures. It consists of a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, camera, ultrasonic sensor and headphones. The device detects objects and text using the camera, extracts text using OCR, and converts it to audio using text-to-speech synthesis which is played through headphones. The goal was to create an affordable, small and easy to use device to help blind people with daily living activities.
Visual, navigation and communication aid for visually impaired person IJECEIAES
The loss of vision restrained the visually impaired people from performing their daily task. This issue has impeded their free-movement and turned them into dependent a person. People in this sector did not face technologies revamping their situations. With the advent of computer vision, artificial intelligence, the situation improved to a great extent. The propounded design is an implementation of a wearable device which is capable of performing a lot of features. It is employed to provide visual instinct by recognizing objects, identifying the face of choices. The device runs a pre-trained model to classify common objects from household items to automobiles items. Optical character recognition and Google translate were executed to read any text from image and convert speech of the user to text respectively. Besides, the user can search for an interesting topic by the command in the form of speech. Additionally, ultrasonic sensors were kept fixed at three positions to sense the obstacle during navigation. The display attached help in communication with deaf person and GPS and GSM module aid in tracing the user. All these features run by voice commands which are passed through the microphone of any earphone. The visual input is received through the camera and the computation task is processed in the raspberry pi board. However, the device seemed to be effective during the test and validation.
This seminar discusses the Virtual Retinal Display (VRD), a personal display device that scans light directly onto the viewer's retina. The VRD was invented at the University of Washington in 1991 to produce a full-color, wide field-of-view, high-resolution display. Microvision Inc. now holds the license to commercialize the technology. The VRD consists of a light source, modulator, and scanners that project modulated light in a raster pattern onto the retina. Potential advantages include high brightness, resolution not limited by pixels, low power usage, and the ability to present a true stereoscopic display. Applications could include medical imaging, surgery, manufacturing, communications, and virtual reality or military uses. Further
Face recognition smart cane using haar-like features and eigenfacesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
1) The document describes a prototype for a smart cane with face recognition capabilities to help visually impaired people identify faces.
2) The prototype uses a Raspberry Pi, camera mounted on eyeglasses, and earphones to provide audio feedback. The camera captures images that are analyzed using Haar-like features and eigenfaces algorithms for face detection and recognition.
3) Testing showed the prototype could recognize faces within 1-1.5 meters with 91.67% accuracy for frontal faces but only 18-32% for other positions. It took around 3 seconds to recognize one face and longer for multiple faces.
Porta Ce Cursor A Contextual Eye Cursor For General Pointing In Windows Envir...Kalle
Eye gaze interaction for disabled people is often dealt with by designing ad-hoc interfaces, in which the big size of their elements compensates for both the inaccuracy of eye trackers and the instability of the human eye. Unless solutions for reliable eye cursor control are employed, gaze pointing in ordinary graphical operating environments is a very difficult task. In this paper we present an eye-driven cursor for MS Windows which behaves differently according to the “context”. When the user’s gaze is perceived within the desktop or a folder, the cursor can be discretely shifted from one icon to another. Within an application window or where there are no icons, on the contrary, the cursor can be continuously and precisely moved. Shifts in the four directions (up, down, left, right) occur through dedicated buttons. To increase user awareness of the currently pointed spot on the screen while continuously moving the cursor, a replica of the spot is provided within the active direction button, resulting in improved pointing performance.
This document summarizes an artificial silicon retina (ASR) seminar presentation. It describes how ASR technology works to restore vision by implanting a microchip retinal prosthesis that converts light into electrical signals. The ASR is small enough to fit in the eye and receives power from light, without needing batteries. It sends signals through the optic nerve to the brain, allowing some patients to perceive images. However, ASR technology remains highly experimental and can only provide basic vision currently. Much more research is still needed to develop it further.
This document discusses the development of artificial vision systems to cure blindness. It describes how artificial silicon retinas work to restore some vision by bypassing damaged retinal cells. The artificial silicon retina is a tiny microchip implanted in the eye that contains solar cells to convert light into electrical pulses, similar to the function of retinal rods and cones. It receives power from light entering the eye without needing external batteries or wires. Researchers are also developing other implantable microchips like the artificial retina component chip to restore partial vision for the blind.
This document discusses current research on bionic eyes and their future prospects. It begins by describing the structure and function of the human eye. It then outlines causes of blindness and eye diseases. The document introduces the concept of a bionic eye as a bioelectronic device that can replace or enhance eye functionality. It describes different regions where implants can be placed and discusses approaches like epiretinal and subretinal implantation. The rest of the document focuses on the artificial silicon retina and multiple unit artificial retina chipset system as examples of bionic eye technologies, outlining their design, advantages, and limitations. It concludes by noting the progress made in bionic devices and remaining challenges in providing power and brain interfaces.
Yamamoto Development Of Eye Tracking Pen Display Based On Stereo Bright Pupil...Kalle
The intuitive user interfaces of PCs and PDAs, such as pen display and touch panel, have become widely used in recent times. In this study, we have developed an eye-tracking pen display based on the stereo bright pupil technique. First, the bright pupil camera was developed by examining the arrangement of cameras and LEDs for pen display. Next, the gaze estimation method was proposed for the stereo bright pupil camera, which enables one point calibration. Then, the prototype of the eyetracking pen display was developed. The accuracy of the system was approximately 0.7° on average, which is sufficient for human interaction support. We also developed an eye-tracking tabletop as an application of the proposed stereo bright pupil technique.
This document discusses an artificial vision system that could restore sight for those with retinal diseases. It describes the major components of the system: an artificial silicon retina implanted in the eye that converts light to electrical signals; a miniature video camera that captures images; a video processing unit that simplifies the images; and an infrared LCD screen on goggles that converts signals to light pulses for the retina. The system provides basic vision allowing users to identify objects, but has limitations in cost, resolution, and applicability to infants. Overall, it represents an important breakthrough for treating retinal degeneration and other vision-impairing diseases.
This document summarizes research on developing artificial vision systems to restore sight for the blind. It describes two key technologies: the artificial silicon retina and artificial retina component chip. The artificial silicon retina is a microchip implanted in the eye that contains photodiodes that convert light into electrical signals to stimulate the retina. The artificial retina component chip is similar and provides a 10x10 or 250x250 pixel visual field. The document explains how these devices work and the surgical process for implantation. It also outlines an artificial vision system using a camera, signal processor and brain implants to transmit images and provide a limited form of artificial sight.
This document provides an overview of multimodal biometric systems. It discusses various biometric modalities including fingerprint, palm print, iris, face, and voice. For each modality, it describes the basic methodology, including enrollment and recognition processes. It also reviews literature on implementations of unimodal and multimodal biometric systems using these physiological and behavioral traits. The document concludes that multimodal biometric systems that fuse information from multiple traits can provide more robust and accurate person identification compared to single-trait unimodal systems.
Mobile phones now have powerful sensing capabilities. The document describes 4 mobile sensing applications called MobSens that leverage phones' sensors for health, social, and environmental monitoring. The applications allow individuals and communities to collect and share data. Challenges in building such applications include deploying the software and dealing with variability in phone hardware, but MobSens addresses these through its reusable components and testing strategies.
Software Technology Insurance for CustomersSPIN Chennai
Software Technology Insurance for Customers (STIC) was presented as addressing the quality of service, quality of experience, and quality of life through an interdisciplinary approach. STIC draws on collaborative teams involving social scientists, clinicians, engineers and computer scientists to improve life quality using technologies while ensuring factors like user acceptance and privacy. STIC was presented through a case study on BodyNet, a wearable system that monitors vital signs unobtrusively with applications in fields like telemedicine and military monitoring.
The document discusses various methods for providing artificial vision to blind individuals, including microchips, nanotube implants, digital artificial vision, and ocular prosthetics. It focuses on the digital artificial vision method, which uses a video camera, computer, and microcontroller to process images into electrical impulses that are transmitted to electrodes implanted in the visual cortex of the brain. This allows blind individuals to perceive black and white images with their brain. Future research aims to provide color images and replace implants with non-invasive technologies like rays or waves. The goal is for artificial vision systems to eventually restore full sight to all blind people.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on brain chips. It discusses how brain chips can enhance human abilities by developing a direct interface between the brain and computers. It provides examples of achievements with brain chips, such as a paralyzed man using a brain chip to control devices. The document also outlines benefits of brain chips like giving mobility to paralyzed patients, as well as drawbacks such as risks for surgeons and high costs. Future applications envisioned include using brain chips to help pilot driverless cars and improve smartphone capabilities.
The document discusses artificial eyes and how they work. It describes that artificial eyes consist of a camera, video processing unit, radio transmitter, radio receiver, and retinal implant. The camera captures images and sends them to the video processing unit which simplifies the images into light spots. The processed images are then sent to the retinal implant via the radio transmitter and receiver. The retinal implant stimulates the retina and optic nerve to send signals to the brain, allowing individuals with eye diseases to regain vision. The technology provides basic object and shape recognition but has limitations such as the need for surgery and the high cost. It represents an important development for restoring sight.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by N. Shyam Kumar to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at SVS Institute of Technology. The report discusses brain-computer interfaces, including their working architecture and types. It covers invasive BCIs implanted in the brain, partially invasive BCIs implanted in the skull, and non-invasive BCIs using EEG. It also discusses early animal research with BCIs implanted in monkeys and rats.
The document summarizes research on automated face detection and recognition. It discusses common applications of face detection such as webcam tracking and photo tagging. Face recognition can be used for biometrics, mugshot databases, and detecting fake IDs. The document then compares human and computer abilities in face detection/recognition and describes challenges computers face representing multidimensional face data. It provides a brief history of the field and covers common approaches to face detection and recognition including eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, neural networks, Gabor wavelets, and active shape models. The document also discusses challenges of 3D, video, and comparing face recognition systems.
The technology is growing vastly. Everyone in humanity has some limitations. One of those limitations is visual disability. So we are here with a system that helps the visually disabled people. The framework here contains object detection with voice assistance within an app and a hardware part attached to the blinds stick for distance calculation. The app is designed to support the blind person to explore freely anywhere he wants. The working of the framework begins by surveilling the situations around the user and distinguishing them utilizing a camera. The app will then detect the objects present in the input video frame by using the SSD algorithm comparing it with the trained model. The video captured is partitioned into grids to detect the object obstacle. In this way, the subtleties of the object detected can be achieved and along with it distance measurement can also be calculated using specific algorithms. A Text to Speech TTS converter is utilized for changing over the data about the object detected into an audio speech format. The framework application passes on the scene which the blind people is going in his her territorial language with the snap of a catch. The technologies utilized here makes the framework execution effective. Sabin Khader | Meerakrishna M R | Reshma Roy | Willson Joseph C "Godeye: An Efficient System for Blinds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31631.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31631/godeye-an-efficient-system-for-blinds/sabin-khader
Implementation of Eye Controlled Mouse Cursor for Physically Disabled Individualijtsrd
Truly impaired and simple minded individuals are a significant aspect of our general public that has not yet gotten similar open doors as others in their consideration in the Information Society. In this way, it is important to grow effectively open frameworks for PCs to accomplish their consideration inside the new advances. This venture presents whose goal is to attract handicapped individuals closer to new advancements. In this undertaking the assistive multimodal framework is introduced, which is focused on the debilitated individuals, which need different sorts of interfaces than normal individuals. The gathering of clients of this framework is people with hands handicaps. This undertaking presents a novel calculation for controlling the development of a PC screen cursor utilizing the iris development. By precisely identifying the situation of the iris in the eye and planning that to a particular situation on the PC screen, the calculation empowers genuinely handicapped people to control the PC cursor development to one side, right, here and there. The calculation additionally empowers the individual to open and close envelopes or records or applications through a clicking component. Miss. K. Vijitha | Mr. P Narendra Babu | Dr. D. Suneetha "Implementation of Eye-Controlled Mouse Cursor for Physically Disabled Individual" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33628.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/33628/implementation-of-eyecontrolled-mouse-cursor-for-physically-disabled-individual/miss-k-vijitha
This document describes the development of an artificial vision system to cure blindness. It discusses how researchers are developing retinal implants that can process images from a camera into electrical signals that the optic nerve can interpret as vision. The system includes a miniature video camera, a processor to translate images into signals, and an infrared screen on goggles to stimulate a silicon chip implanted on the retina. This technology has potential to restore limited sight to those blinded by retinal degeneration, though it cannot currently provide high-resolution images.
Brain-computer interfaces allow humans to control devices with their thoughts by detecting electric signals in the brain. Electrodes attached to the scalp can read these signals non-invasively, while implants directly in the brain provide higher resolution signals. The computer translates neural signals into commands to control assistive technologies for disabled people or provide additional inputs for applications like games. While promising, BCI is still an emerging field with challenges regarding signal quality and potential ethical issues.
Brain-controlled interfaces (BCIs) detect small changes in brain activity to provide a connection between the brain and external devices. BCIs can help restore functions like sight and movement for people with disabilities. They work by transmitting neural signals, which are differences in electric potential across neuron membranes. Current BCIs have information transfer rates up to 25 bits per minute. BCIs have applications in healthcare, education, gaming and the military. While promising, they also face challenges regarding accuracy, invasiveness and global access.
The document discusses bionic eyes and retinal prosthetics for restoring vision. It describes how a bionic eye works by using a miniature camera to capture images and transmit the data to a microchip implanted behind the retina. The chip then stimulates the retina with electrical pulses to allow signals to be sent to the brain. Several technologies are discussed, including an artificial silicon retina containing photodiodes, the MARC system using an external camera and implanted receiver/stimulator, and ceramic photocells being developed to detect light and repair eyes. While promising, full restoration of vision remains challenging due to the complexity of the human visual system.
In this paper, we present how Bell’s Palsy, a neurological disorder, can be detected just from a subject’s eyes in a video. We notice that Bell’s Palsy patients often struggle to blink their eyes on the affected side. As a result, we can observe a clear contrast between the blinking patterns of the two eyes. Although previous works did utilize images/videos to detect this disorder, none have explicitly focused on the eyes. Most of them require the entire face. One obvious advantage of having an eye-focused detection system is that subjects’ anonymity is not at risk. Also, our AI decisions are based on simple blinking patterns, making them explainable and straightforward. Specifically, we develop a novel feature called blink similarity, which measures the similarity between the two blinking patterns. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed feature is quite robust, for it helps in Bell’s Palsy detection even with very few labels. Our proposed eye-focused detection system is not only cheaper but also more convenient than several existing methods.
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a term that describes vision-related problems and other symptoms caused by prolonged computer use. As our dependence on computers continues to grow, an increasing number of people are seeking medical attention for eye strain and irritation, along with back, neck, and shoulder soreness. Working for long hours in front of the computer is no longer confined to the office.
Iirdem screen less displays – the imminent vanguardIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses screenless display technology, which involves displaying information without using a physical screen. It describes three main types of screenless displays: visual images like holograms, retinal displays that project images directly onto the retina, and synaptic interfaces that transmit visual information directly to the brain. The document outlines the working principles and potential applications of screenless displays, such as in virtual reality systems. It also discusses the structure and implementation of retinal displays specifically.
Computer vision can be used for many applications like facial expression detection, camera mice that move the cursor based on head movements, detecting text and defects. It allows those with limited mobility to interact with computers. Computer vision tasks include image processing, feature extraction, object detection and more. Major applications include manufacturing defect detection, barcode and text reading, and computer vision is a key technology enabling self-driving cars.
This document discusses current research on bionic eyes and their future prospects. It begins by describing the structure and function of the human eye. It then outlines causes of blindness and eye diseases. The document introduces the concept of a bionic eye as a bioelectronic device that can replace or enhance eye functionality. It describes different regions where implants can be placed and discusses approaches like epiretinal and subretinal implantation. The rest of the document focuses on the artificial silicon retina and multiple unit artificial retina chipset system as examples of bionic eye technologies, outlining their design, advantages, and limitations. It concludes by noting the progress made in bionic devices and remaining challenges in providing power and brain interfaces.
Yamamoto Development Of Eye Tracking Pen Display Based On Stereo Bright Pupil...Kalle
The intuitive user interfaces of PCs and PDAs, such as pen display and touch panel, have become widely used in recent times. In this study, we have developed an eye-tracking pen display based on the stereo bright pupil technique. First, the bright pupil camera was developed by examining the arrangement of cameras and LEDs for pen display. Next, the gaze estimation method was proposed for the stereo bright pupil camera, which enables one point calibration. Then, the prototype of the eyetracking pen display was developed. The accuracy of the system was approximately 0.7° on average, which is sufficient for human interaction support. We also developed an eye-tracking tabletop as an application of the proposed stereo bright pupil technique.
This document discusses an artificial vision system that could restore sight for those with retinal diseases. It describes the major components of the system: an artificial silicon retina implanted in the eye that converts light to electrical signals; a miniature video camera that captures images; a video processing unit that simplifies the images; and an infrared LCD screen on goggles that converts signals to light pulses for the retina. The system provides basic vision allowing users to identify objects, but has limitations in cost, resolution, and applicability to infants. Overall, it represents an important breakthrough for treating retinal degeneration and other vision-impairing diseases.
This document summarizes research on developing artificial vision systems to restore sight for the blind. It describes two key technologies: the artificial silicon retina and artificial retina component chip. The artificial silicon retina is a microchip implanted in the eye that contains photodiodes that convert light into electrical signals to stimulate the retina. The artificial retina component chip is similar and provides a 10x10 or 250x250 pixel visual field. The document explains how these devices work and the surgical process for implantation. It also outlines an artificial vision system using a camera, signal processor and brain implants to transmit images and provide a limited form of artificial sight.
This document provides an overview of multimodal biometric systems. It discusses various biometric modalities including fingerprint, palm print, iris, face, and voice. For each modality, it describes the basic methodology, including enrollment and recognition processes. It also reviews literature on implementations of unimodal and multimodal biometric systems using these physiological and behavioral traits. The document concludes that multimodal biometric systems that fuse information from multiple traits can provide more robust and accurate person identification compared to single-trait unimodal systems.
Mobile phones now have powerful sensing capabilities. The document describes 4 mobile sensing applications called MobSens that leverage phones' sensors for health, social, and environmental monitoring. The applications allow individuals and communities to collect and share data. Challenges in building such applications include deploying the software and dealing with variability in phone hardware, but MobSens addresses these through its reusable components and testing strategies.
Software Technology Insurance for CustomersSPIN Chennai
Software Technology Insurance for Customers (STIC) was presented as addressing the quality of service, quality of experience, and quality of life through an interdisciplinary approach. STIC draws on collaborative teams involving social scientists, clinicians, engineers and computer scientists to improve life quality using technologies while ensuring factors like user acceptance and privacy. STIC was presented through a case study on BodyNet, a wearable system that monitors vital signs unobtrusively with applications in fields like telemedicine and military monitoring.
The document discusses various methods for providing artificial vision to blind individuals, including microchips, nanotube implants, digital artificial vision, and ocular prosthetics. It focuses on the digital artificial vision method, which uses a video camera, computer, and microcontroller to process images into electrical impulses that are transmitted to electrodes implanted in the visual cortex of the brain. This allows blind individuals to perceive black and white images with their brain. Future research aims to provide color images and replace implants with non-invasive technologies like rays or waves. The goal is for artificial vision systems to eventually restore full sight to all blind people.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on brain chips. It discusses how brain chips can enhance human abilities by developing a direct interface between the brain and computers. It provides examples of achievements with brain chips, such as a paralyzed man using a brain chip to control devices. The document also outlines benefits of brain chips like giving mobility to paralyzed patients, as well as drawbacks such as risks for surgeons and high costs. Future applications envisioned include using brain chips to help pilot driverless cars and improve smartphone capabilities.
The document discusses artificial eyes and how they work. It describes that artificial eyes consist of a camera, video processing unit, radio transmitter, radio receiver, and retinal implant. The camera captures images and sends them to the video processing unit which simplifies the images into light spots. The processed images are then sent to the retinal implant via the radio transmitter and receiver. The retinal implant stimulates the retina and optic nerve to send signals to the brain, allowing individuals with eye diseases to regain vision. The technology provides basic object and shape recognition but has limitations such as the need for surgery and the high cost. It represents an important development for restoring sight.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by N. Shyam Kumar to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at SVS Institute of Technology. The report discusses brain-computer interfaces, including their working architecture and types. It covers invasive BCIs implanted in the brain, partially invasive BCIs implanted in the skull, and non-invasive BCIs using EEG. It also discusses early animal research with BCIs implanted in monkeys and rats.
The document summarizes research on automated face detection and recognition. It discusses common applications of face detection such as webcam tracking and photo tagging. Face recognition can be used for biometrics, mugshot databases, and detecting fake IDs. The document then compares human and computer abilities in face detection/recognition and describes challenges computers face representing multidimensional face data. It provides a brief history of the field and covers common approaches to face detection and recognition including eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, neural networks, Gabor wavelets, and active shape models. The document also discusses challenges of 3D, video, and comparing face recognition systems.
The technology is growing vastly. Everyone in humanity has some limitations. One of those limitations is visual disability. So we are here with a system that helps the visually disabled people. The framework here contains object detection with voice assistance within an app and a hardware part attached to the blinds stick for distance calculation. The app is designed to support the blind person to explore freely anywhere he wants. The working of the framework begins by surveilling the situations around the user and distinguishing them utilizing a camera. The app will then detect the objects present in the input video frame by using the SSD algorithm comparing it with the trained model. The video captured is partitioned into grids to detect the object obstacle. In this way, the subtleties of the object detected can be achieved and along with it distance measurement can also be calculated using specific algorithms. A Text to Speech TTS converter is utilized for changing over the data about the object detected into an audio speech format. The framework application passes on the scene which the blind people is going in his her territorial language with the snap of a catch. The technologies utilized here makes the framework execution effective. Sabin Khader | Meerakrishna M R | Reshma Roy | Willson Joseph C "Godeye: An Efficient System for Blinds" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31631.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31631/godeye-an-efficient-system-for-blinds/sabin-khader
Implementation of Eye Controlled Mouse Cursor for Physically Disabled Individualijtsrd
Truly impaired and simple minded individuals are a significant aspect of our general public that has not yet gotten similar open doors as others in their consideration in the Information Society. In this way, it is important to grow effectively open frameworks for PCs to accomplish their consideration inside the new advances. This venture presents whose goal is to attract handicapped individuals closer to new advancements. In this undertaking the assistive multimodal framework is introduced, which is focused on the debilitated individuals, which need different sorts of interfaces than normal individuals. The gathering of clients of this framework is people with hands handicaps. This undertaking presents a novel calculation for controlling the development of a PC screen cursor utilizing the iris development. By precisely identifying the situation of the iris in the eye and planning that to a particular situation on the PC screen, the calculation empowers genuinely handicapped people to control the PC cursor development to one side, right, here and there. The calculation additionally empowers the individual to open and close envelopes or records or applications through a clicking component. Miss. K. Vijitha | Mr. P Narendra Babu | Dr. D. Suneetha "Implementation of Eye-Controlled Mouse Cursor for Physically Disabled Individual" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33628.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/33628/implementation-of-eyecontrolled-mouse-cursor-for-physically-disabled-individual/miss-k-vijitha
This document describes the development of an artificial vision system to cure blindness. It discusses how researchers are developing retinal implants that can process images from a camera into electrical signals that the optic nerve can interpret as vision. The system includes a miniature video camera, a processor to translate images into signals, and an infrared screen on goggles to stimulate a silicon chip implanted on the retina. This technology has potential to restore limited sight to those blinded by retinal degeneration, though it cannot currently provide high-resolution images.
Brain-computer interfaces allow humans to control devices with their thoughts by detecting electric signals in the brain. Electrodes attached to the scalp can read these signals non-invasively, while implants directly in the brain provide higher resolution signals. The computer translates neural signals into commands to control assistive technologies for disabled people or provide additional inputs for applications like games. While promising, BCI is still an emerging field with challenges regarding signal quality and potential ethical issues.
Brain-controlled interfaces (BCIs) detect small changes in brain activity to provide a connection between the brain and external devices. BCIs can help restore functions like sight and movement for people with disabilities. They work by transmitting neural signals, which are differences in electric potential across neuron membranes. Current BCIs have information transfer rates up to 25 bits per minute. BCIs have applications in healthcare, education, gaming and the military. While promising, they also face challenges regarding accuracy, invasiveness and global access.
The document discusses bionic eyes and retinal prosthetics for restoring vision. It describes how a bionic eye works by using a miniature camera to capture images and transmit the data to a microchip implanted behind the retina. The chip then stimulates the retina with electrical pulses to allow signals to be sent to the brain. Several technologies are discussed, including an artificial silicon retina containing photodiodes, the MARC system using an external camera and implanted receiver/stimulator, and ceramic photocells being developed to detect light and repair eyes. While promising, full restoration of vision remains challenging due to the complexity of the human visual system.
In this paper, we present how Bell’s Palsy, a neurological disorder, can be detected just from a subject’s eyes in a video. We notice that Bell’s Palsy patients often struggle to blink their eyes on the affected side. As a result, we can observe a clear contrast between the blinking patterns of the two eyes. Although previous works did utilize images/videos to detect this disorder, none have explicitly focused on the eyes. Most of them require the entire face. One obvious advantage of having an eye-focused detection system is that subjects’ anonymity is not at risk. Also, our AI decisions are based on simple blinking patterns, making them explainable and straightforward. Specifically, we develop a novel feature called blink similarity, which measures the similarity between the two blinking patterns. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed feature is quite robust, for it helps in Bell’s Palsy detection even with very few labels. Our proposed eye-focused detection system is not only cheaper but also more convenient than several existing methods.
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a term that describes vision-related problems and other symptoms caused by prolonged computer use. As our dependence on computers continues to grow, an increasing number of people are seeking medical attention for eye strain and irritation, along with back, neck, and shoulder soreness. Working for long hours in front of the computer is no longer confined to the office.
Iirdem screen less displays – the imminent vanguardIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses screenless display technology, which involves displaying information without using a physical screen. It describes three main types of screenless displays: visual images like holograms, retinal displays that project images directly onto the retina, and synaptic interfaces that transmit visual information directly to the brain. The document outlines the working principles and potential applications of screenless displays, such as in virtual reality systems. It also discusses the structure and implementation of retinal displays specifically.
Computer vision can be used for many applications like facial expression detection, camera mice that move the cursor based on head movements, detecting text and defects. It allows those with limited mobility to interact with computers. Computer vision tasks include image processing, feature extraction, object detection and more. Major applications include manufacturing defect detection, barcode and text reading, and computer vision is a key technology enabling self-driving cars.
Screenless displays are an emerging technology that allows information to be displayed without a physical screen. There are three main types: visual images using holograms or projections onto intermediate objects; retinal displays that project images directly onto the retina; and synaptic interfaces that transmit visual information directly to the brain. Some advantages are lower power needs, higher resolution, and greater portability compared to traditional screens. Challenges include high costs currently and the technology still being in development. Many companies are working to advance screenless displays for uses like augmented reality glasses and new generations of televisions without physical screens.
An Assistive System for Visually Impaired PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed assistive system for visually impaired people that uses computer vision and machine learning techniques. The system is designed to help visually impaired individuals navigate indoor and outdoor environments independently. It uses a Python-based program with OpenCV and YOLO object detection to identify objects and text in images captured by a camera. Text detected in images is converted to audio using Tesseract OCR and a text-to-speech engine to allow users to hear identified objects and text. The system aims to provide navigation assistance and read text aloud to help visually impaired people live more independently.
INDOOR AND OUTDOOR NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE ...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to assist visually impaired individuals using object detection. The system uses YOLO (You Only Look Once) deep learning for fast and reliable object detection in images captured by a webcam in real-time. Detected objects are identified and conveyed to the user via text-to-speech. This allows visually impaired users to navigate indoor and outdoor environments with information about surrounding objects. The proposed system aims to address challenges faced by existing assistive technologies through improved accuracy and real-time performance of object recognition compared to other methods.
5.1 Faster CNN
Faster RCNN is an efficient tool for detecting objects in 2D color images. The model was first proposed in TPAMI 2016, and is an improvement over previous works of RCNN and Fast RCNN, by introducing deep regional proposal networks.
CNN is specifically concerned with processing an input image. They have the specification in that. A convolutional neural network, or CNN, is a deep learning neural network designed for processing structured arrays of data such as images. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in computer vision and have become the state of the art for many visual applications such as image classification.
5.2 Tenserflow and Keras
A. TensorFlow
TensorFlow, an interface for expressing machine learning algorithms. Tenserflow is utilized for implementing ML systems into fabrication over a bunch of areas of computer science, including sentiment analysis, voice recognition, computer vision, text summarization, and flaw detection to pursue research . In the proposed model, the whole Sequential CNN architecture (consists of several layers) uses TensorFlow at backend. It is also used to reshape the data (image) in the data processing.
B. Keras
Keras gives fundamental reflections and building units for creation and transportation of ML arrangements with high iteration velocity. It takes full advantage of the scalability and cross-platform capabilities of TensorFlow. The core data structures of Keras are layers and models [19]. All the layers used in the CNN model are implemented using Keras. Along with the conversion of the class vector to the binary class matrix in data processing, it helps to compile the overall model.
5.3 OPEN-CV-:
When we are going to detect a face regarding with or without mask, we are basically going to perform image processing here. It is basically concerned with loading an image, converting that image into array and then performing the required operation. To perform all steps of image processing OPEN-CV is used. open-cv stands for Open Source Computer Vision Library. It has more than 2500 optimized algorithms.
The main use of open-cv is that it will help us to load images and convert them into arrays.This open-cv divides an image into number of rows and columns as the image resolution. The smallest element in an image is called pixel. Since a computer understand only numbers, every pixel is represented by three numbers, corresponding to the amounts of Red, Green ,and Blue.
We have used OPEN-CV to do real time face detection from a livestream via our webcam. We will be using Haar Cascade or Voila Jones algorithm to detect faces. It is basically a machine learning object detection algorithm which is used to identify objects in an image or vedio.
It basically deals with haar features, Haar features nothing but some common features among all human faces. Like the eye region is darker than the upper cheeks, the nose bridge is darker than the eyes and so on.
This document summarizes a research article about developing a virtual mouse using eye tracking techniques. The researchers created a system that can detect a user's eyes and gaze using a Viola-Jones algorithm and Matlab software. This allows the position of the user's gaze to control the mouse cursor in real-time, providing an alternative input method that is useful for people with disabilities. The document discusses different eye tracking techniques and prior research in face and eye detection algorithms to support the system's development. It presents the overall system design which first detects the face and eyes, then tracks eye movements to control mouse movements and clicks.
Schneider.2011.an open source low-cost eye-tracking system for portable real-...mrgazer
This document describes an open-source, low-cost, portable eye-tracking system consisting of self-built tracking glasses with attached cameras. The system is based on modifications made to the ITU Gaze Tracker software to allow for calibration in 3D space, synchronization of eye and scene videos, and both real-time and offline tracking. Evaluation results showed the system provides useful eye tracking for indoor and outdoor use, with accuracy between 0.86-1.28 degrees, though not as high as commercial systems. Limitations include unstable lighting conditions outdoors and constraints of USB bandwidth.
This document discusses the development of a face mask detection system using YOLOv4. The system uses a deep learning model with YOLOv4 to detect faces in real-time video and determine if each person is wearing a mask or not. It is trained on images of faces with and without masks. The model uses CSPDarknet53 as the backbone network and PANet for feature aggregation. It is implemented with OpenCV and a Python GUI for a user interface. The goal is to help enforce mask mandates and alert authorities if too many people in an area are not wearing masks.
Covid Mask Detection and Social Distancing Using Raspberry piIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses computer vision and machine learning to detect if individuals are wearing masks and maintaining proper social distancing in public places. The system uses a Raspberry Pi connected to a USB camera to take photos and video. Convolutional neural network models like CNN and YOLO are used to analyze the images, detect faces, and determine if masks are being worn correctly. If individuals are not wearing masks or social distancing, the system will provide an alert or sound from a connected speaker. The goal is to help enforce mask and distancing guidelines without needing human monitoring, in order to reduce virus spread during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Social Distance Detector Using Computer Vision, OpenCV and YOLO Deep Learning...IRJET Journal
This paper presents a method to detect social distancing using computer vision, OpenCV and the YOLO deep learning algorithm. The proposed system takes in a video, detects people using YOLO object detection, calculates the distance between detected people by finding the centroid of bounding boxes, and determines if distances are less than 1 meter to identify social distancing violations. Using CUDA allows the model to leverage GPU processing power for faster and more accurate real-time results compared to CPU-only methods. The system is able to monitor people and detect whether social distancing guidelines are being followed to help control the spread of COVID-19.
This document discusses screenless display technology. It describes screenless displays as systems that transmit visual information from a video source without the use of a screen. The document outlines several technologies being used for screenless displays, including interactive projection systems, 3D projection technologies, and retinal display systems. It provides examples of emerging screenless display technologies, such as Google Glass and holographic projections, and discusses how screenless computing may impact fields like lighting, software, and careers for visually impaired individuals.
Face Mask Detection System Using Artificial IntelligenceIRJET Journal
This document describes a face mask detection system using artificial intelligence. The system is designed as a two-phase model, with the first phase involving training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model on a dataset of images containing faces with and without masks. In the second phase, the trained model can detect masks in real-time videos and classify faces as with or without a mask. The goal is to implement the system in public places to help enforce mask policies and reduce COVID-19 transmission. The model achieves accurate detection on both static images and videos by using data augmentation techniques to increase variability in the training dataset.
IRJET- Sixth Sense Technology in Image ProcessingIRJET Journal
This document describes sixth sense technology, which allows users to interact with digital information by using hand gestures that are detected by a camera. The technology was developed by Pranav Mistry to bridge the gap between the digital and physical worlds. It consists of a camera, projector, mirror, mobile phone, and colored markers on the fingers. The camera detects hand gestures and objects, and the projector displays related digital information onto physical surfaces. Pattern matching through image processing is used to recognize hand gestures and colors and trigger the appropriate responses from the sixth sense device. This technology has applications in areas like maps, drawing, calling, and photos.
San Agustin Evaluation Of A Low Cost Open Source Gaze TrackerKalle
This document evaluates a low-cost open-source gaze tracking system using an off-the-shelf webcam. The performance of the gaze tracker was tested in an eye-typing task using two different typing applications. Participants were able to type between 3.56-6.78 words per minute depending on the application. A pilot study was also conducted with a user with severe motor impairments who was able to successfully type on a wall-projected interface using eye movements. The document describes the hardware and software components of the low-cost gaze tracking system and provides details on the experimental procedure and results of the eye-typing evaluation.
This story in the AOANews by Maino & Goodfellow discusses technology that has the potential to significantly disrupt the way eye care is delivered and eye care materials distributed.
Advance Intelligent Video Surveillance System Using OpenCVIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an intelligent video surveillance system using OpenCV. The proposed system aims to reduce electricity usage and storage needs by only recording video when human presence is detected, as opposed to continuous recording. It utilizes a camera initialized through OpenCV to capture video frames. The frames are converted to grayscale and analyzed using a Haar cascade classifier to detect human faces. If a face is detected, recording begins. If no motion is detected for several seconds, recording will stop. The recorded videos are stored locally. This approach is well-suited for locations with intermittent human presence, where continuous recording is unnecessary. It allows for more efficient use of resources than traditional CCTV.
Eye(I) Still Know! – An App for the Blind Built using Web and AIDr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper proposes eye(I) still know!, a voice control solution for the visually impaired people. The main purpose is even though the blind cannot see they can still know where to go and what to do! Nearby 60% of total blind population across the world is present in India. In a time where no one likes to rely on anyone, this is a small effort to make the blind independent individuals. This can be achieved using wireless communication, voice recognition and image scanning. The application with the use of object identification will priorly inform about the barriers in the path.
The software will use the camera of the device and scan all the obstacles with their corresponding distances from the user. This will be followed by audio instructions through audio output of the device.
This will efficiently direct the user through his/her way.
IRJET-Human Face Detection and Identification using Deep Metric LearningIRJET Journal
This document discusses a project that uses deep metric learning techniques for human face detection and identification in images and videos. Deep metric learning outputs a real-valued vector rather than a single classification. It uses libraries like OpenCV, Dlib, scikit-learn and Keras to build neural networks for facial recognition. The goals are to develop a system that can identify faces even from low quality images with variations in illumination, expression, angle and occlusions. Existing face recognition has challenges in these conditions, so the aim is to improve accuracy rates for normal and non-ideal images through deep metric learning approaches.
Similar to Control the computer with your eyes (20)
Aging Oxidative Stress and Dietary OxidantsDominick Maino
This book review summarizes the text "Aging: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants" which discusses how oxidative stress impacts the aging process and various age-related diseases. It contains 29 chapters authored by 82 contributors exploring topics like the role of antioxidants in reducing frailty, supporting cardiovascular health and preventing Alzheimer's disease. The review highlights how certain foods, herbs, spices and supplements can potentially slow aging by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. While technical at times, the book's diagrams and photographs help explain complex topics for readers without extensive scientific backgrounds. The reviewer recommends it for anyone wanting to better understand senior health and the science behind antioxidants.
06 17 current research that you should incorporate into yourDominick Maino
This course presents the best research posters from the 2017 American Optometric Association conference, featuring 5 presentations on topics ranging from concussive effects in veterans to myopia in children to management of central serous retinopathy and choroideremia. The document provides background on the poster selection process and encourages optometrists to submit their own case reports and clinical research for consideration in future poster sessions. It concludes with a question and answer period following the 5 presentations.
06 17 current research that you should incorporate into yourDominick Maino
This document summarizes a course featuring the best poster presentations from the 2017 AOA conference. It discusses 5 poster presentations that were selected to be highlighted covering topics like concussive effects in veterans, myopia in children in China, corneal edema, central serous retinopathy, and low vision rehabilitation for choroideremia. The document provides details on the abstract review process and encourages clinicians to submit case reports and research to the 2018 poster session.
Cerebral Palsy is a motor disability appearing in early life due to brain damage. It has a prevalence of 1-4 per 1000 live births. Etiologies include prenatal, perinatal and postnatal insults. It is classified as spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic. Visual characteristics include refractive errors like hyperopia, strabismus in over 10% of cases, and reduced accommodation. Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by trisomy 21. Its prevalence is about 1 in 700 live births. Physical characteristics include low muscle tone, a flat facial profile, and health issues such as congenital heart defects and hearing loss.
My students and I wrote several translations of how to conduct an eye examination (mostly my students since my language skills are not very good!). I know there are many ways, and perhaps better ways to ask these questions, but this could be a starting point. Feel free to adapt this to your needs and to make this even better. Please share when you do.
My students and I wrote several translations of how to conduct an eye examination (mostly my students since my language skills are not very good!). I know there are many ways, and perhaps better ways to ask these questions, but this could be a starting point. Feel free to adapt this to your needs and to make this even better. Please share when you do.
Let me know what you think. (dmaino@ico.edu).
Neuroplasticity and Vision Therapy for Adults; A Case SeriesDominick Maino
This poster was presented at the American Optometric Association's Annual meeting in Boston, MA 06/2016
The bottom line:
The visual cortex has the capacity for experience dependent change (neuroplasticity) throughout life. Unfortunately, when it comes to the adult with binocular vision problems, this is not always recognized as being true even though there is strong clinical evidence to suggest a high level of adult neuroplasticity. Current research shows that adults tend to have numerous anomalies associated with the binocular vision system especially within certain populations. This case series demonstrates how those even approaching 70 years of age can benefit from optometric vision therapy.
Current Clinical Case Reorts & Research You Should Incorporate into Your Mode...Dominick Maino
Dominick Maino, OD, MEd, FAAO, FCOVD-A
Moderator
Featuring the Best of AOA's 2016 Poster Presentations
Saturday, July 2nd 8-10AM
Five of the very best, clinically relevant posters were chosen to be given during the American Optometric Association meeting in Boston in 2016. These posters were chosen by the AOA Poster Committee (Dr. Dominick M. Maino, Chair).
PDF Handout: D Maino: Visual Diagnosis and Care of the Patient with Special N...Dominick Maino
This is a copy of my handout of the lecture given in class today. (Copyright 2016). You may download and use this for any non-commercial educational purpose.
Writing the Perfect Poster Abstract in 20 Minutes or LessDominick Maino
One of the easiest ways to begin your publishing career is to present a poster during one of the many annual meetings held by professional optometry. These meetings include but are not limited to the College of Optometrists in Vision Development, American Academy of Optometry and the American Optometric Association. This presentation reviews the step by step process involved in writing an abstract that will be accepted for presentation by these and other organizations most of the time. Once the abstract is written, you are one third of the way to making a significant contribution to the optometric literature. The other two thirds include, creating the poster and writing the final paper to be submitted to an appropriate journal for publication (the last two topics will be addressed at other meetings and/or within future VDR articles). You are encouraged to bring information for a case report and/or case series that you wish to use for a poster in the future.
This course presents the latest information concerning cortical visual impairment, its etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Various topics reviewed include cortical vs cerebral visual impairment, ventral/dorsal visual streams, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Also discussed are various retinoscopy techniques, overlapping functional vision disorders, and visual stimulation/therapy for these disorders.
Course Objectives
At the end of this course, the participant will:
Be able to identify cortical vs cerebral visual impairment
Be able to access various vision functions such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, oculomotor and accommodative disorders
Be able to treat the diagnosed vision problems with all the tools available to the optometrist (spectacles, low vision devices, vision rehabilitative techniques)
Be aware of and use outside resources to supplement and add to any therapeutic interventions recommended
AOA "There's More to 3D than Meets the Eye"Dominick Maino
The American Optometric Association did an awesome job in making a potentially hard to understand topic...easier to understand. If you have problems with viewing 3D, please review this PowerPoint presentation.
A,B,V's of School Performance: Academics, Behavior and VisionDominick Maino
This presentation is geared towards teachers and professional teaching staff, but can also be adapted for parents and others. It reviews the three O's of eye care (Optometry, Ophthalmology, Optician), the optometric examination, learning related vision problems and more.
Evidence Based Practice: Pediatrics, Binocular Vision and Patients with Speci...Dominick Maino
This document discusses evidence-based clinical practice in pediatrics and optometry, specifically for patients with special needs. It covers different perspectives of clinicians and researchers, as well as patients' views. It questions whether evidence is needed for everything, given limitations of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The document also discusses levels of scientific evidence and grades of evidence in evaluating research studies and forming clinical recommendations.
060915 current research that you should incorporate into yourDominick Maino
Current Research that You Should Incorporate into Your Mode of Practice Now!
Dominick Maino, OD, MEd, FAAO, FCOVD‐A
Moderator
Featuring the Best of AOA's 2015 Poster Presentations
Jun‐27‐2015 8:00AM ‐ 10:00AM
Optic Nerve Head Drusen: A Myriad of Presentations
Jennifer L. Jones, Sylvia E. Sparrow, Christina Grosshans
Validation Study of New LCD‐Based Contrast Sensitivity Testing Method
Sarah Henderson, Jeung H Kim, Paul Harris
Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinitis Pigmentosa and its Management
Lindsay T. Gibney
An ODE to Optic Disc Edema
Kelli Theisen
Is Binocular Balancing with Subjective Refraction a thing of the Past?
David Geffen
Optometry's Meeting 2015
Seattle, Washington
Maino D. Agenda Driven Research. Vis Dev Rehab 2015; 1(1):7-11.
Read the editorial.....
Conclusion
It is time for all to put aside our agendas,
our biases, our preconceived notions. It is time
to work together to determine best practices
even if it is contrary to prevailing opinion. The
world is not flat. Amblyopia can be treated at
any age. And optometric vision therapy is an
appropriate treatment modality for disorders of
he binocular vision system.
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Control the computer with your eyes
1. EYE ON TECHNOLOGY
Control the computer with your eyes
By Geoffrey W. Goodfellow, cameras need to be inter- They are aiming for the
O.D., and Dominick M. preted very efficiently and same functionality of the
Maino, O.D. accurately. commercial devices but for
The developers of some significantly less cost.
F
or countless individu- of these systems indicate “My mission is that we
als who lack the that users looking across a forge technology with neu-
motor control needed normal-sized room and rological science to find
to operate a computer with a wearing the device would be ways to help millions of
traditional keyboard and able to locate where the people with disabilities,
mouse, there are some new eyes are looking within the such as loss of limbs or Figure 1: The PCEye from Tobii Assistive
technologies available that size of a grapefruit. muscular disorders, use Technology Inc. is portable and lightweight and
allow the eyes to act as the technology in a cheap way,” is capable of docking beneath any standard
controller. Designers said Aldo Faisal, Ph.D., a retail PC monitor and integrating with
This is an amazing neuroscientist at Imperial Windows.
development for patients The PCEye from Tobii College London.
with diseases like Assistive Technology Inc. is
Parkinson’s, muscular dys- the newest device to hit the Usability
trophy, or cerebral palsy. market.
It boasts an eye-tracking The technology has
technology solution that already opened the doors for
Hardware and provides the most intuitive, many people with severe
software easy-to-use, stress-free spinal cord injuries, repeti-
The technology is driv- means of gaining compre- tive strain injuries, and other
en by high-resolution cam- hensive computer access. debilitative conditions.
eras that monitor the posi- The device is portable Using their eyes, these
tion of each eye. and lightweight and is capa- people are able to open
The software is calibrat- ble of docking beneath any computer files, navigate the
Figure 2: Researchers at Imperial College
Web, and access software
London developed a two-camera display
applications.
“My mission is that we forge Such individuals can
attached to a standard spectacle frame.
technology with neurological now independently commu-
nicate online and conduct these visual skills. Illinois College of
science to find ways to help business using a computer. Future patients that use Optometry (ICO), ICO’s
millions of people with Such devices may also
jump start an offering of
this type of technology
would likely benefit from
assistant dean for
Curriculum and Assessment
disabilities, such as loss of hands-free computing which having accurate eye move- and the president of the
may become useful for all ments and visual skills. Illinois Optometric
limbs or muscular disorders, use computer users, even those This would be in addi- Association. He can be con-
technology in a cheap way.” without physical disabilities. tion to optometry’s current tacted at ggoodfel@ico.edu.
Imagine scrolling role in managing computer Dominick M. Maino, O.D. is
through an online magazine vision syndrome, refractive a professor of pediatrics and
ed by having the user look standard retail PC monitor using only your eyes or error, and dry eye syndrome. binocluar vision at ICO and
at specific dots on a grid and integrating with interacting with your televi- a Distinguished Practitioner
pattern displayed on the Windows (see Figure 1). sion without using your Geoffrey G. Goodfellow, of the National Academies
computer screen. There are other similar remote control. O.D., is an associate profes- of Practice. He can be con-
This allows the device devices available from other sor of optometry at the tacted at dmaino@ico.edu.
to determine exactly where companies, but the PCEye Optometry’s
the eyes are pointing. appears to be the most
From there, the cameras sophisticated.
role
monitor the angle between Retail cost for these It’s unclear exactly what
the eyes to determine where devices has been quoted role these devices will have
in space the eyes are look- upward of $5,000. on optometric practice.
ing. Researchers at Imperial Eye movement deficien-
Much of the technology College London are devel- cies have long been associ-
necessary for the device oping a similar system with ated with academic prob-
comes from the video gam- a target cost of $125. lems.
ing industry. Their system is also Optometrists have a
The eyes are capable of based on a two-camera dis- variety of tests to assess sac-
very quick and detailed play but attached to a stan- cades, pursuits, and fixation;
movements, so the images dard spectacle frame (see there are also a host of ther-
from the high-resolution Figure 2). apies designed to improve
NOVEMBER 2012 33