Cytogenetic studies allow recognizing chromosomal abnormalities like deletions, inversions, or translocations. Scientists discovered that a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by a deletion in the reticulon 2 gene on chromosome 19. Reticulon 2 plays a key role in shaping the endoplasmic reticulum, and defects in its formation may underlie axon degeneration. Identifying the specific location of deletions can provide insights into the causes of diseases and potential treatments.
A research group identified compounds that can halt vaccinia virus replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme viruses use to synthesize DNA from RNA. Blocking this process prevents viral replication and spread. Understanding molecular mechanisms
Lourdes conducted research that led to the characterization of over 50 peptides from fish-hunting snail venom and the use of conotoxins to study the human brain. Her discoveries impacted neuroscience as conotoxins continue to be used to examine brain activity.
Ramirez focused on studying the genetics of native plants like coconuts and rice in the Philippines. Her research empowered agricultural scientists and farmers by advancing plant breeding and genetics. She pioneered genetics instruction and was called the "Mother of Cell."
Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized cell study. Advances in manipulating DNA allowed combining techniques such that researchers can now isolate specific genes to precisely study their structures and functions.
Gene cloning involves using recombinant DNA technology and polymerase chain reaction to make multiple copies of DNA fragments. Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes to cut a human gene and bacterial plasmid, which are then combined using DNA ligase to form a recombinant DNA molecule. This molecule is inserted into bacterial cells via transformation. The transformed cells are then plated and screened to identify colonies containing the cloned human gene.
The document discusses gene therapy, including:
1. Defining genes and discussing early milestones in gene isolation and engineering.
2. Explaining the goal of gene therapy to introduce normal genes to compensate for defective genes.
3. Describing various methods of gene delivery including viral and non-viral vectors.
4. Discussing challenges in targeting specific cells/tissues and ensuring safe expression levels.
Gene cloning involves copying a gene and inserting it into a self-replicating vector like a bacterial plasmid. This allows copies of the gene to be made for applications like sequencing, mutagenesis, and protein expression. PCR is a newer gene cloning technique that uses thermal cycling to rapidly amplify a target gene sequence. Both techniques allow researchers to isolate genes and study them in detail. Gene cloning and PCR have many important uses in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, forensics, and more.
Recombinant DNA technology allows DNA from different species to be isolated, cut, spliced together, and replicated. This creates new "recombinant" DNA molecules. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments, inserting fragments into cloning vectors like plasmids, and transforming host cells to replicate the recombinant DNA. PCR is also used to amplify specific DNA sequences. Recombinant DNA technology has many applications, including producing human proteins, diagnosing genetic diseases, and detecting bacteria and viruses.
This document provides an overview of recombinant DNA technology. It discusses the basic principles, which involve generating DNA fragments, inserting a selected fragment into a cloning vector, introducing the vector into host cells, and multiplying the recombinant molecules. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, ligases to join fragments, and various vectors like plasmids and bacteria to clone the DNA. The document also outlines several applications of rDNA technology, such as producing proteins, diagnosing diseases, and developing genetically engineered plants.
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
Cytogenetic studies allow recognizing chromosomal abnormalities like deletions, inversions, or translocations. Scientists discovered that a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by a deletion in the reticulon 2 gene on chromosome 19. Reticulon 2 plays a key role in shaping the endoplasmic reticulum, and defects in its formation may underlie axon degeneration. Identifying the specific location of deletions can provide insights into the causes of diseases and potential treatments.
A research group identified compounds that can halt vaccinia virus replication by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme viruses use to synthesize DNA from RNA. Blocking this process prevents viral replication and spread. Understanding molecular mechanisms
Lourdes conducted research that led to the characterization of over 50 peptides from fish-hunting snail venom and the use of conotoxins to study the human brain. Her discoveries impacted neuroscience as conotoxins continue to be used to examine brain activity.
Ramirez focused on studying the genetics of native plants like coconuts and rice in the Philippines. Her research empowered agricultural scientists and farmers by advancing plant breeding and genetics. She pioneered genetics instruction and was called the "Mother of Cell."
Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized cell study. Advances in manipulating DNA allowed combining techniques such that researchers can now isolate specific genes to precisely study their structures and functions.
Gene cloning involves using recombinant DNA technology and polymerase chain reaction to make multiple copies of DNA fragments. Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes to cut a human gene and bacterial plasmid, which are then combined using DNA ligase to form a recombinant DNA molecule. This molecule is inserted into bacterial cells via transformation. The transformed cells are then plated and screened to identify colonies containing the cloned human gene.
The document discusses gene therapy, including:
1. Defining genes and discussing early milestones in gene isolation and engineering.
2. Explaining the goal of gene therapy to introduce normal genes to compensate for defective genes.
3. Describing various methods of gene delivery including viral and non-viral vectors.
4. Discussing challenges in targeting specific cells/tissues and ensuring safe expression levels.
Gene cloning involves copying a gene and inserting it into a self-replicating vector like a bacterial plasmid. This allows copies of the gene to be made for applications like sequencing, mutagenesis, and protein expression. PCR is a newer gene cloning technique that uses thermal cycling to rapidly amplify a target gene sequence. Both techniques allow researchers to isolate genes and study them in detail. Gene cloning and PCR have many important uses in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, forensics, and more.
Recombinant DNA technology allows DNA from different species to be isolated, cut, spliced together, and replicated. This creates new "recombinant" DNA molecules. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments, inserting fragments into cloning vectors like plasmids, and transforming host cells to replicate the recombinant DNA. PCR is also used to amplify specific DNA sequences. Recombinant DNA technology has many applications, including producing human proteins, diagnosing genetic diseases, and detecting bacteria and viruses.
This document provides an overview of recombinant DNA technology. It discusses the basic principles, which involve generating DNA fragments, inserting a selected fragment into a cloning vector, introducing the vector into host cells, and multiplying the recombinant molecules. Key steps include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, ligases to join fragments, and various vectors like plasmids and bacteria to clone the DNA. The document also outlines several applications of rDNA technology, such as producing proteins, diagnosing diseases, and developing genetically engineered plants.
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It begins with an introduction to recombinant DNA technology and its history. It then describes the tools and enzymes used, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, reverse transcriptase, and DNA polymerase. Various vectors like bacterial plasmids and bacteriophages are also discussed. The document outlines several applications such as monoclonal antibody production, disease diagnosis, DNA fingerprinting, environmental uses, gene therapy, and xenotransplantation. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key concepts, techniques, and uses of recombinant DNA technology.
DNA microarrays contain multiple DNA sequences spotted on a small surface, allowing simultaneous monitoring of thousands of gene expressions. They are valuable tools in research requiring identification or quantitation of specific DNA sequences. In medicine, microarrays can determine gene transcriptional programs for cell functions, compare programs to aid disease diagnosis and classification, and identify new therapeutic targets. Cancer analysis through microarrays involves isolating mRNA from normal and cancerous cells, synthesizing cDNA, labeling with dyes, hybridizing to a microarray, and scanning to identify differently expressed genes involved in cancer.
1. The document discusses genetic engineering and biotechnology, including techniques like recombinant DNA, gene cloning, PCR, and cloning organisms.
2. Key terms defined include genetic engineering, biotechnology, recombinant DNA, gene cloning, restriction enzymes, and plasmids.
3. Recombinant DNA is made by cutting DNA with restriction enzymes and ligating pieces into plasmids, which are then inserted into bacteria.
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's April 2013 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newsletters
Thank you for the summary. This gives a good overview of the key steps and findings from the microarray experiment comparing gene expression in normal vs cancerous cells.
Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
This document provides an overview of molecular genetics and biotechnology. It discusses the structure of DNA and the DNA double helix model. It explains DNA replication, which is essential for cells to copy genetic material before cell division. Gene expression through transcription and translation is summarized, including how DNA is copied into mRNA and then translated into proteins. The sequencing of the human genome is mentioned, along with applications like disease diagnosis. Genetic engineering techniques like isolating, inserting, and recombining genes are outlined. Uses of biotechnology in agriculture, farming, and medicine are also reviewed.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that utilizes the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at specific locations guided by CRISPR RNA. It allows scientists to precisely modify genes and has applications in medicine, agriculture, and scientific research. Some examples include developing disease-resistant crops and mosquitoes, growing human organs in pigs, and potentially curing genetic diseases. While promising, CRISPR also faces ethical concerns regarding safety, unintended effects, germline editing, and unequal access to treatment. Overall, CRISPR is a revolutionary new biotechnology but more research is still needed to fully realize its benefits and address ethical implications.
This document discusses the gene-editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 and its potential applications and implications. It begins by describing how CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient and precise editing of genomes, which could transform medicine and agriculture. It then provides details on how CRISPR-Cas9 works and how it compares to other gene-editing techniques. Two recent applications are highlighted: using CRISPR-Cas9 to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice by editing out faulty gene exons, and using it to provide virus resistance in tobacco plants by targeting viral genomes. The document concludes by noting ongoing debates around regulating genome-edited crops and using CRISPR-Cas9 to edit human embryos and
This document provides an overview of DNA cloning including:
1. The basic steps in DNA cloning including isolation of vector and gene source DNA, insertion into the vector, and introduction into cells.
2. Uses of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes in cloning.
3. Applications of cloning such as recombinant protein production, genetically modified organisms, DNA fingerprinting, and gene therapy.
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of genes through techniques like gene cloning and transfer. Key tools include restriction enzymes, plasmids, and the creation of DNA libraries which allow genes to be identified and isolated. Techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and blotting allow analysis and study of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Restriction mapping uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments which can then be used to identify genes and construct maps of DNA sequences.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes.
This chapter provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which 1000’s of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. We first cover the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. We then discuss the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
DNA microarrays can be used to diagnose plant diseases by detecting pathogens. Microarrays work by hybridizing DNA samples to probes on a chip or slide. They allow researchers to simultaneously analyze thousands of genes. Studies show microarrays can identify fungi, bacteria, viruses, and phytoplasmas faster and more efficiently than existing methods like PCR and ELISA. Microarrays have also been used to study gene expression, toxicology, comparative genomics, and for applications in drug discovery and disease classification. They are a powerful tool but further development of portable biosensors may make disease detection even more accessible.
The document discusses several key steps in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA analysis:
1. PCR involves copying specific DNA sequences through cycles of heating and cooling DNA samples. This allows for amplification of target DNA regions marked by primers.
2. DNA extraction is used to isolate DNA from samples prior to PCR. Library preparation then ligates adaptors to DNA fragments to make them suitable for sequencing.
3. The techniques of PCR, DNA extraction, and library preparation are applied in a research laboratory studying international viral samples to amplify and analyze DNA from viruses like adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and HPV. This helps compare patterns and susceptibilities between different viruses.
Vectors are carriers used to transfer genes during cloning. Plasmids are commonly used vectors that contain marker genes to identify successful insertion into a host organism. The DNA cloning process using plasmids involves isolating a gene of interest, cutting it and the plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, ligating the gene into the plasmid, transforming bacteria by adding the recombinant plasmid, and allowing the bacteria to replicate and express the cloned gene. Colonies containing the recombinant plasmid can be identified by their antibiotic resistance.
Viruses consist of genetic material and proteins but lack cellular structure. They replicate by taking over host cell processes. There are two main classification systems - Baltimore system classifies based on mRNA synthesis, ICTV system uses genome properties and structure. Viruses can be isolated from samples and cultured in vivo or in vitro. They are quantified using plaque assays, PCR, ELISA or other methods. Bacteriophages follow lytic or lysogenic cycles to infect bacteria and can transfer genes between bacteria through transduction.
This document provides an overview of molecular genetics and biotechnology. It discusses DNA structure and replication, gene expression through transcription and translation, genetic engineering techniques like cloning and genetic modification, applications of mapping the human genome, and uses of biotechnology in areas like agriculture, medicine, and biomedical research. The key topics covered include the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic engineering processes, important discoveries like the structure of DNA and sequencing the human genome, and how biotechnology applies molecular genetics.
The first document discusses research into how DNA breaks during re-replication. The study uses Drosophila ovarian follicle cells to isolate components of repair pathways and determine their roles. Understanding cleavage sites and repair can help regulate replication to avoid genomic damage.
The second discusses how bacteria use DNA replication to time important decisions like sporulation. The location of genes involved ensures the ratio allows sensing when replication is complete before deciding to sporulate or continue replicating.
Knowing how replication is coupled to cell cycle decisions could help medicine intervene in harmful bacteria and lessen infections. Understanding replication avoids mutations and helps cancer treatments target rapid replication.
The process of genetic engineering in detailMrPolko
Genetic engineering allows manipulation of a genome by introducing, eliminating, or modifying genes. The main steps are: 1) Isolating the gene of interest using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments; 2) Inserting the gene into a bacterial plasmid using recombinant DNA techniques; 3) Detecting colonies containing the inserted gene through tests or hybridization; 4) Cloning the bacteria to produce many copies containing the gene.
The document is a technical direction letter from the Army Contracting Command - New Jersey to Advanced Technology International regarding a project agreement with Pfizer for COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing. It directs ATI to issue a firm-fixed price project agreement to Pfizer not to exceed $1,950,097,500 to manufacture 100 million doses of their mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. The total project value was determined to be fair and reasonable. Pfizer was selected based on an acceptable proposal and ability to meet requirements. The agreement supports the goal of accelerating and securing US access to a promising COVID-19 vaccine through domestic manufacturing.
More Related Content
Similar to Contaminated COVID Products and Green Monkey Virus
This document discusses recombinant DNA technology and its applications. It begins with an introduction to recombinant DNA technology and its history. It then describes the tools and enzymes used, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, reverse transcriptase, and DNA polymerase. Various vectors like bacterial plasmids and bacteriophages are also discussed. The document outlines several applications such as monoclonal antibody production, disease diagnosis, DNA fingerprinting, environmental uses, gene therapy, and xenotransplantation. In summary, the document provides an overview of the key concepts, techniques, and uses of recombinant DNA technology.
DNA microarrays contain multiple DNA sequences spotted on a small surface, allowing simultaneous monitoring of thousands of gene expressions. They are valuable tools in research requiring identification or quantitation of specific DNA sequences. In medicine, microarrays can determine gene transcriptional programs for cell functions, compare programs to aid disease diagnosis and classification, and identify new therapeutic targets. Cancer analysis through microarrays involves isolating mRNA from normal and cancerous cells, synthesizing cDNA, labeling with dyes, hybridizing to a microarray, and scanning to identify differently expressed genes involved in cancer.
1. The document discusses genetic engineering and biotechnology, including techniques like recombinant DNA, gene cloning, PCR, and cloning organisms.
2. Key terms defined include genetic engineering, biotechnology, recombinant DNA, gene cloning, restriction enzymes, and plasmids.
3. Recombinant DNA is made by cutting DNA with restriction enzymes and ligating pieces into plasmids, which are then inserted into bacteria.
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's April 2013 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newsletters
Thank you for the summary. This gives a good overview of the key steps and findings from the microarray experiment comparing gene expression in normal vs cancerous cells.
Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
This document provides an overview of molecular genetics and biotechnology. It discusses the structure of DNA and the DNA double helix model. It explains DNA replication, which is essential for cells to copy genetic material before cell division. Gene expression through transcription and translation is summarized, including how DNA is copied into mRNA and then translated into proteins. The sequencing of the human genome is mentioned, along with applications like disease diagnosis. Genetic engineering techniques like isolating, inserting, and recombining genes are outlined. Uses of biotechnology in agriculture, farming, and medicine are also reviewed.
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that utilizes the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at specific locations guided by CRISPR RNA. It allows scientists to precisely modify genes and has applications in medicine, agriculture, and scientific research. Some examples include developing disease-resistant crops and mosquitoes, growing human organs in pigs, and potentially curing genetic diseases. While promising, CRISPR also faces ethical concerns regarding safety, unintended effects, germline editing, and unequal access to treatment. Overall, CRISPR is a revolutionary new biotechnology but more research is still needed to fully realize its benefits and address ethical implications.
This document discusses the gene-editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 and its potential applications and implications. It begins by describing how CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient and precise editing of genomes, which could transform medicine and agriculture. It then provides details on how CRISPR-Cas9 works and how it compares to other gene-editing techniques. Two recent applications are highlighted: using CRISPR-Cas9 to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice by editing out faulty gene exons, and using it to provide virus resistance in tobacco plants by targeting viral genomes. The document concludes by noting ongoing debates around regulating genome-edited crops and using CRISPR-Cas9 to edit human embryos and
This document provides an overview of DNA cloning including:
1. The basic steps in DNA cloning including isolation of vector and gene source DNA, insertion into the vector, and introduction into cells.
2. Uses of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes in cloning.
3. Applications of cloning such as recombinant protein production, genetically modified organisms, DNA fingerprinting, and gene therapy.
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of genes through techniques like gene cloning and transfer. Key tools include restriction enzymes, plasmids, and the creation of DNA libraries which allow genes to be identified and isolated. Techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, and blotting allow analysis and study of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Restriction mapping uses restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments which can then be used to identify genes and construct maps of DNA sequences.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes.
This chapter provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which 1000’s of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. We first cover the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. We then discuss the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies.
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
DNA microarrays can be used to diagnose plant diseases by detecting pathogens. Microarrays work by hybridizing DNA samples to probes on a chip or slide. They allow researchers to simultaneously analyze thousands of genes. Studies show microarrays can identify fungi, bacteria, viruses, and phytoplasmas faster and more efficiently than existing methods like PCR and ELISA. Microarrays have also been used to study gene expression, toxicology, comparative genomics, and for applications in drug discovery and disease classification. They are a powerful tool but further development of portable biosensors may make disease detection even more accessible.
The document discusses several key steps in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA analysis:
1. PCR involves copying specific DNA sequences through cycles of heating and cooling DNA samples. This allows for amplification of target DNA regions marked by primers.
2. DNA extraction is used to isolate DNA from samples prior to PCR. Library preparation then ligates adaptors to DNA fragments to make them suitable for sequencing.
3. The techniques of PCR, DNA extraction, and library preparation are applied in a research laboratory studying international viral samples to amplify and analyze DNA from viruses like adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and HPV. This helps compare patterns and susceptibilities between different viruses.
Vectors are carriers used to transfer genes during cloning. Plasmids are commonly used vectors that contain marker genes to identify successful insertion into a host organism. The DNA cloning process using plasmids involves isolating a gene of interest, cutting it and the plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, ligating the gene into the plasmid, transforming bacteria by adding the recombinant plasmid, and allowing the bacteria to replicate and express the cloned gene. Colonies containing the recombinant plasmid can be identified by their antibiotic resistance.
Viruses consist of genetic material and proteins but lack cellular structure. They replicate by taking over host cell processes. There are two main classification systems - Baltimore system classifies based on mRNA synthesis, ICTV system uses genome properties and structure. Viruses can be isolated from samples and cultured in vivo or in vitro. They are quantified using plaque assays, PCR, ELISA or other methods. Bacteriophages follow lytic or lysogenic cycles to infect bacteria and can transfer genes between bacteria through transduction.
This document provides an overview of molecular genetics and biotechnology. It discusses DNA structure and replication, gene expression through transcription and translation, genetic engineering techniques like cloning and genetic modification, applications of mapping the human genome, and uses of biotechnology in areas like agriculture, medicine, and biomedical research. The key topics covered include the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic engineering processes, important discoveries like the structure of DNA and sequencing the human genome, and how biotechnology applies molecular genetics.
The first document discusses research into how DNA breaks during re-replication. The study uses Drosophila ovarian follicle cells to isolate components of repair pathways and determine their roles. Understanding cleavage sites and repair can help regulate replication to avoid genomic damage.
The second discusses how bacteria use DNA replication to time important decisions like sporulation. The location of genes involved ensures the ratio allows sensing when replication is complete before deciding to sporulate or continue replicating.
Knowing how replication is coupled to cell cycle decisions could help medicine intervene in harmful bacteria and lessen infections. Understanding replication avoids mutations and helps cancer treatments target rapid replication.
The process of genetic engineering in detailMrPolko
Genetic engineering allows manipulation of a genome by introducing, eliminating, or modifying genes. The main steps are: 1) Isolating the gene of interest using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments; 2) Inserting the gene into a bacterial plasmid using recombinant DNA techniques; 3) Detecting colonies containing the inserted gene through tests or hybridization; 4) Cloning the bacteria to produce many copies containing the gene.
Similar to Contaminated COVID Products and Green Monkey Virus (20)
The document is a technical direction letter from the Army Contracting Command - New Jersey to Advanced Technology International regarding a project agreement with Pfizer for COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing. It directs ATI to issue a firm-fixed price project agreement to Pfizer not to exceed $1,950,097,500 to manufacture 100 million doses of their mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. The total project value was determined to be fair and reasonable. Pfizer was selected based on an acceptable proposal and ability to meet requirements. The agreement supports the goal of accelerating and securing US access to a promising COVID-19 vaccine through domestic manufacturing.
After announcing they would kill me "this time for real",
- Day 1 my Google Voice number that I use for 2FA got deleted
- Day 2 I got fake-evicted via someone who doesn't own the house and two fake Sheriffs
- Day 3 my debit card gets disabled as an announced "revenge" for reporting Skype fraud
Day 4 my bank account gets closed
Day 5 I learn about the continuation of a fake court case.
While my rent is prepaid for the whole year, to the real landlord, and the court hearing was in-person (but I still clicked on the Zoom link, and nobody was there), they claim I didn't show up for the court date - for a case that does not exist.
This document is an email report from Intelius containing personal information about Richard A Balman such as known aliases, birth information, potential imposters, employment history, education, phone numbers, emails, addresses, and social media profiles. It includes a disclaimer stating that Intelius is not a consumer reporting agency under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
This document provides information about fraud alerts from Intelius. It states that Intelius is not a consumer reporting agency under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. It lists restrictions on using information from Intelius reports for determining eligibility for insurance, credit, employment, education, housing, or other benefits. The disclaimer notes that information was not collected for furnishing consumer reports. It warns against using Intelius data to take adverse actions as defined by the FCRA.
Julie A Vaillancourt-aka J Motel aka Paris Ivy aka yourwetdreamsAurorasa Coaching
This background report provides personal and public records information for Julie A Vaillancourt. It includes her known aliases, birthdate, relatives, possible associates, addresses, phone numbers, employment history, and currently owned property. The report did not uncover any criminal, traffic, license, bankruptcy, or asset ownership other than the currently owned property.
This email report provides personal information, contact information, location information, and social profiles for an individual named Sandra Harper. The report lists possible aliases, birth information, phone numbers, email addresses, current and previous addresses, online profiles, and articles related to the individual. It is accompanied by a disclaimer stating that the information is not a consumer report under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
This background report provides personal information about Timothy Edward Petri, including known aliases, birth information, possible relatives and associates, phone numbers, email addresses, current and previous addresses, and possible neighbors. The report was created on June 11, 2023 by Intelius and includes a disclaimer about not being a consumer reporting agency under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
This background report provides a disclaimer stating that Intelius is not a consumer reporting agency under the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the protections it provides do not apply. The information in the report cannot be used to determine suitability for health insurance, credit/loans, employment, education, housing, or benefits. The data was not collected for furnishing consumer reports and cannot be used as a factor in establishing personal credit, loans, insurance risks, employment decisions, educational opportunities, licenses, or other transactions covered by the FCRA.
Dennis N Gorelik - New World Order Illuminati at SkypeAurorasa Coaching
Suspected pedophile who stole money from Microsoft for many years.
Skype is out of business. They cannot issue new numbers, and the current numbers will be released shortly, and customer receive their payments back.
In exchange for the inconvenience, they can sign up with a safe provider.
This is a gang stalker organization, no matter as what it began.
Dennis N. Gorelik currently lives at 46 Dancer Pl in Ponte Vedra, FL. He has lived at several addresses in Florida and other states over the years. No criminal, arrest, warrant, inmate, bankruptcy or judgment records were found for Gorelik. The background report provides his address history, contact information, and information about his current home which he owns jointly with his wife Natalia Gorelik, valued at $304,643.
I just received a spoofed email from Skype, and discovered someone had put the darkweb Google Gmail mailhahaha8@gmail.com (that they took and locked me out about 8(!) years ago (for hard-bouncing their spam via forwarding to Zoho) is ON MY XBOX@aurorasa.com account.
Nearly stalked to death, Patrica had her house stolen by the New World Order gang stalkers, and lived in a mental facility since 2017.
She's back with her husband now, in her house.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Contaminated COVID Products and Green Monkey Virus
1. STORY AT-A-GLANCE
In the video above, Jessica Rose, Ph.D., interviews microbiologist Kevin McKernan on
“Good Morning CHD.” McKernan’s team recently discovered simian virus 40 (SV40)
promoters in Pfizer’s and Moderna’s bivalent mRNA COVID shots, which, for decades,
have been suspected of causing cancer in humans. As explained in the abstract, posted
on OSF Preprints in April 2023:
“Several methods were deployed to assess the nucleic acid composition of four
expired vials of the Moderna and Pfizer bivalent mRNA vaccines. Two vials from
Contaminated COVID Products and Green Monkey Virus
Analysis by Dr. Joseph Mercola Fact Checked June 26, 2023
Microbiologist Kevin McKernan and his team recently discovered simian virus 40 (SV40)
promoters in Pfizer’s and Moderna’s bivalent mRNA COVID shots
SV40 have long been suspected of causing cancer in humans
DNA contaminants may have the ability to alter the human genome. One of Pfizer’s vials
also had an SV40 promoter with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), a 72 base pair
insertion that makes the promoter “much more aggressive and also drives the sequence
into the nucleus” of the cell
DNA contamination is a warning sign that endotoxin, which causes anaphylaxis when
injected, may be present
A cinnamycin-resistant gene is also included in the sequencing vector, and it’s unclear if
or how this might impact human health. In a worst case scenario, it could make your
microbiome resistant to antibiotics
1,2,3,4
5
6
2. each vendor were evaluated ... Multiple assays support DNA contamination that
exceeds the European Medicines Agency (EMA) 330ng/mg requirement and the
FDAs 10ng/dose requirements ...”
Equally, if not more, troubling, these DNA contaminants also can alter the human
genome. As explained by McKernan, genomic sequencing involves reading the letters of
the genome, A, T, C and G, which make up the DNA code. Both DNA and RNA can be
sequenced in this manner.
DNA can be likened to a copy of the hard drive of your cell, while RNA is like your task
manager, dictating the software program being run in a given moment. When you
sequence RNA, you get a sense of what the cell is being instructed to do, while
sequencing DNA tells you everything the cell could possibly do if the proper instructions
are present.
COVID Shots Contain Both RNA and DNA
It’s been assumed that the COVID shots contained only RNA, but using genomic
sequencing, McKernan discovered they contain DNA fragments as well, and there really
should not be any. The RNA is basically copied, or “Xeroxed” off the DNA, and only the
RNA should be in the final product.
As noted by McKernan, the DNA used is proprietary. “They don’t want people to know all
the tricks they put in the DNA to drive maximum amount of Xeroxing, if you will.” But
what popped out during sequencing was the entire sequencing vector, “which shows us
everything they’re doing to drive the expression of this RNA,” McKernan says.
So, we now know they’re using a T7 promoter, an SV40 promoter, an antibiotic-
resistance gene, that the replication is bacterial in origin and more. As explained by
McKernan, to get the amount of RNA required for these shots, you need very large
amounts of DNA. To get the DNA required, a piece of DNA that codes for RNA in a circle,
called a plasmid, was created and then reproduced inside E. coli in a huge vat.
3. Plasmids are unique in that they have an origin of replication that allows the DNA to
copy itself several hundred times inside every cell of the E. coli, and, since bacteria
double every 20 minutes, you get exponential amplification of the DNA overnight.
The DNA must then be extracted from the E. coli and purified. Once that’s done, a T7 in
vitro transcription reaction is run on the purified DNA, which copies the RNA off that
DNA.
The plasmid that is put in with the E. coli — the sequencing vector — is the blueprint for
how the RNA is made, and this is what McKernan found, in its entirety, in the vials. It
really should not be there. Only the purified RNA should be present.
Regulatory agencies have an acceptable upper limit for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
in medical products, but the DNA McKernan found was orders of magnitude higher than
those thresholds.
The arbitrary limit for dsDNA set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is 330
nanograms per milligram (ng/mg), but McKernan suspects that limit isn’t stringent
enough, because they probably didn’t consider that it might include replicable DNA. In all
likelihood, this limit was primarily based on concerns about E. coli DNA, which might get
mixed in.
In a May 20, 2023, Substack article, McKernan also pointed out that Pfizer itself
submitted evidence to the EMA showing sampled lots contained anywhere from 1
ng/mg to 815 ng/mg of DNA, so regulators knew they had quality control problems from
the start. In McKernan’s testing, the highest level of DNA contamination found was 30%,
which is rather astounding.
Endotoxin Concerns
McKernan also explains that one of the primary concerns when pulling plasmids out of
E. coli is the fact that endotoxins frequently tag along. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an
endotoxin, sits on the outside of gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli. When endotoxin
is injected, it can cause anaphylaxis, and life-threatening anaphylaxis just so happens to
7
4. be among the most commonly reported side effects of these shots. According to
McKernan:
“Whenever we see DNA contamination, like from plasmids, ending up in any
injectable, the first thing people think about is whether there's any E. coli
endotoxin present because that creates anaphylaxis for the injected ... You can
see people get injected with this and drop. That could be the background from
this E. coli process of manufacturing the DNA ...”
What Is the SV40 Promoter For?
As mentioned earlier, the sequencing vector found also included an SV40 promoter. To
be clear, this is not the whole virus. It’s only the promoter, meaning a specific portion of
the viral DNA that is essential for gene expression. The problem is that this particular
promoter is known to be problematic.
SV40 promoters have been studied for years and are known to trigger cancer when
encountering an oncogene (a gene that has the potential to cause cancer). What’s more,
McKernan found that one of the Pfizer vials had not just one but two SV40 promoters.
One of them had a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that the other didn’t have — a 72
base pair insertion for a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that makes the promoter
“much more aggressive and also drives the sequence into the nucleus” of the cell. NLS
is basically a sequence that tags a given protein for import into the cell nucleus, and this
further heightens the risk of genome integration.
“You can get [genome] integration off these vectors
alone, and if vectors have things that localize in the
nucleus, then odds go up tremendously that there
could be genome integration going on. ~ Kevin
McKernan
”
8
5. Now, this second, more aggressive promoter was only found in one of the two Pfizer
vials tested, even though they were from the same lot. What might account for this
remarkable quality discrepancy? At bare minimum, it suggests Pfizer is changing its
manufacturing on the fly, without oversight. Changing the plasmid used is a major
change in manufacturing that really should require regulatory oversight, McKernan
notes.
As for why any of the SV40 promoters are in there, McKernan in certain that it was part
of an intentional design, as these promoters have a long research history.
Genome Integration Can Occur in More Ways Than One
The reason NLS is so concerning is because it can drive genome integration even in the
absence of LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear elements 1), which allow for insertions,
deletions and rearrangements within the genome through reverse transcription.
“If you’re injecting this much DNA, you don’t need LINE-1 at all. You can get
integration off these vectors alone, and if vectors have things that localize in
the nucleus, then odds go up tremendously that there could be genome
integration going on,” McKernan says.
Cytoplasmic transfection can also allow for genetic manipulation because the nucleus
disassembles and exchanges cellular components with the cytosol during cell division.
Even if genetic modification does not occur, the fact that you’re getting foreign DNA into
your cells can pose a risk. Partial expression could occur, for example, or it might
interfere with other transcription translations that are already in the cell.
How Might Cinnamycin Resistance Gene Affect Human Health?
Rose and McKernan also discuss how the cinnamycin-resistant gene found in the
sequencing vector might impact human health. What happens if this gets into a patient
6. and encounters bacteria? Will it make that bacteria resistant to cinnamycin (a tricyclic
antibiotic)?
“While speculative, at the moment, we would assume yes,” McKernan says.
“Plasmids get absorbed by bacteria at 37 degrees (Fahrenheit) temperature,
which is the temperature of your gut ... and if they can confer any selective
advantage, then they’re going to replicate and become the dominant species in
your microbiome.”
Possibly, it might require the patient to be on an antibiotic when this occurs, as this is
what would give the bacteria the selective advantage. Still, antibiotic use is quite
common, so this is not a concern that should be discarded off hand. Potentially, these
bivalent jabs may be spreading antibiotic resistance through the injected population,
which could have grave consequences.
Will Your Microbiome Produce Spike Protein?
A related question is whether your microbiome might also produce spike protein
permanently. McKernan suspects the bacteria will make spike RNA, but bacterial
ribosomes don’t have the right equipment to read that RNA, so they probably won’t be
able to translate it.
That said, bacteria are frequently absorbed by mammalian cells in a process called
bactofection, and this is a known gene transfer technique. So, this may result in your
cells producing spike protein.
The RNA in the COVID jab is also modified to resist breakdown, so you really have two
versions of the spike protein that can persist longer than anticipated, and the spike
protein, of course, is the most toxic part of the virus that can cause your body to attack
itself.
“The real concern is we’ve got an amplifiable piece of DNA that can replicate in
bacteria,” McKernan says. “Your body is loaded with bacteria [and] it’s going to
9
7. start replicating this DNA once it’s inside of them, and we don’t know what’s
going to happen after that.
It could make RNA, it could get absorbed into mammalian cells, it could be
killed and completely gotten rid of. But the DNA shouldn’t be there to begin
with. So, we have to start monitoring how much DNA is actually in lot to lot?
What is its length? Is it circular? And how much of it can we tolerate?”
McKernan Calls on Scientists to Reproduce His Results
On his Substack, McKernan has published all the details scientists and labs would
need to rapidly and inexpensively replicate his investigation and assess the dsDNA
contamination of COVID shots around the world, and he’s urging researchers to do so.
According to McKernan, one team has already contacted him saying they found
sequencing vector in the original monovalent COVID shots. Their findings will hopefully
be released shortly.
Resources for Those Injured by the COVID Jab
The more we learn about the COVID jabs, the worse they appear. If you got one or more
jabs and are now reconsidering, first and foremost, never ever take another COVID
booster, another mRNA gene therapy shot or regular vaccine.
You need to end the assault on your body. Even if you haven’t experienced any obvious
side effects, your health may still be impacted long-term, so don’t take any more shots.
If you’re suffering from side effects, your first order of business is to eliminate the spike
protein that your body is producing. Two remedies that can do this are
hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. Both drugs bind and facilitate the removal of spike
protein.
10
8. The Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC) has developed a post-vaccine
treatment protocol called I-RECOVER. Since the protocol is continuously updated as
more data become available, your best bet is to download the latest version straight
from the FLCCC website at covid19criticalcare.com (hyperlink to the correct page
provided above).
For additional suggestions, check out the World Health Council’s spike protein detox
guide, which focuses on natural substances like herbs, supplements and teas. To
combat neurotoxic effects of spike protein, a March 2022 review paper suggests using
luteolin and quercetin. Time-restricted eating (TRE) and/or sauna therapy can also help
eliminate toxic proteins by stimulating autophagy.
Sources and References
OSF Preprints April 10, 2023, Edited April 11, 2023 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/b9t7m
Twitter KanekoaTheGreat May 20, 2023
Anandamide (Kevin McKernan) Substack May 20, 2023
The Healthcare Channel May 22, 2023
Expert Rev Respir Med October 2011; 5(5): 683-697
The Health Care Channel, Greer Journal Why the COVID “mRNA” vaccines are actually DNA gene therapies
that must be removed from the market
Gene Therapy September 15, 2005; 13: 101-105
Nepetalactone Newsletter March 22, 2023
Covid19criticalcare.com
World Council for Health Spike Protein Detox Guide November 30, 2021
Molecular Neurobiology March 2022; 59(3): 1850-1861
11
12
13
1, 6
2
3, 7
4
5
8
9
10
11
12
13