Challenges and conservation of tangible and intangible heritage in historic centres: the case study of Andalusia (Spain) Presented during the VIVA EAST Thematic Seminar on Intangible Heritage, Cahul, Republic of Moldova, Sept. 2012

1. Challenges and conservation of Tangible
and Intangible heritage in historic center:
cases studies in Andalusia (Spain)

2. Situation of Andalusia European countries of similar size to Andalusia
Scotland 78.132 km2 5,2 millones hab. 64 hab/km2
UK 122.144 km2 46,4 millones hab. 383 hab/km2
Portugal 91.906 km2 11,3 millones hab. 123 hab/km2
Moldova 33.843 km2 4,6 millones hab. 136 hab/km2
Belgium 30.158 km2 10,3 millones hab. 338 hab/km2
Hungary 93.029 km2 10,1 millones hab. 110 hab/km2
Andalusía 87.595 km2 8,4 millones hab. 94 hab/km2
Andalusía
Andalusía connection European-Áfrican
Moldova
Cahul
Andalusia

3. Andalusia’s very balanced city system is
based on a network of unpolarize System cities
cities, and one or two major urban
centers as in other regions of Europe.
This situation gives Andalusia, a variety
of urban environments very rich and
varied.
Andalusia has nine sets urban regional
center level, complemented by a
system of medium-sized cities and
networks of towns in rural areas that
ensure a stable settlement distributed
throughout its territory.
This system of cities, represents one of
its main social and economic heritage.
At the same time, it has some defining
characteristics that give it an unique
position to adapt its structure to the
requirements of sustainability, such as
its polycentricity, social and functional
diversity and compactness.

4. The City we want: Compact or
integrated, democratic and
participatory ... The Living City
The compact
city, complex, efficient, cohesive is
where we meet the parameters of
environmental sustainability, energy
and economic exploitation of its
natural resources.
Sustainability must be not just
environmental but democratic.
Democracy is based on the active
participation of the population. In
order for neighborhoods to be
regenerated, they should be full of
life..
The metabolism of the city should
be driven by its inhabitants.

5. This Mediterranean city model has been
transformed in the last 25 years, Diffuse city, dispersed
embracing another model imported from
other cultural areas, based in the
creation of a diffuse city and that
functionally separates and segregates
the population into the territory based on
their economic capacity.
The dispersion causes an unsustainable
growth model that creates the following
negative impacts: To reduce natural
spaces, to break the proximity trading
system, a detachment towards everyday
spaces, a loss of social cohesion,
increased mobility needs or increased
energy expenditure, water consumption
or rate of generation of waste.
This type of city provokes increased
consumption of resources: land,
materials, water and energy. This is a
trend that continues as the opposite path
to urban sustainability.

6. In Spain the responsibility
for planning and housing
are the Regional
Governments
The Central Government
mark global criteria in
housing policy, on this
basis, each region
independently legislate
according to their needs
and criteria.
Andalusia is a Regional
Government with
responsibility for Urban
Planning and Housing
since 1984.

7. Sustainable Development
Strategies
Generating projects and
actions that change
mentalities towards urban
sustainability
For example: The bike-lane
in Seville (2007), it is more
than one type of green
transport, it is generating a
change of mentality in the
city: in its use, as we value
our public space, creating a
collective knowledge
greener and environmental
...

8. Centros históricos
An integrated approach to
urban policy means:
Changing mindsets
Generate Knowledge
Innovate urban
management
Responsible participation
Rediscovering
neighborhoods, key
elements of a Living City

9. • Why to define a Project of Renovation in Historical
City?
• Historical cities has :
• Urban, social and heritage degraded
environments, challenges accessibility and habitable
standards, lack of life quality, pollution and
marginalisation...
• The overall target of the Project are,
• To regenerate, revitalize and recover the urban, social
and cultural heritage.
• To support and strength the economic activities (touristic
assets, shop, services…) and to support employment
creation.
• To regenerate live in the Historical City.
• It is needed :
• Political commitment and leadership.
• Urban management tools.
• To define a global revitalization and regeneration city
project.
• To promove the involvement of
people, stakeholders, cultural agrupation… Feed-back

10. SWOT Analysis of a Historical City
• Strengths
• Weaknesses • Historical and Heritage richness
• The ageing of the population. • Identification resident population
• Residents depopulation • Diversified range of commerce activies.
• High unemployment • Public Services (social care).
• Buildings have deteriorated. • Leisure and free time attraction
• Accessibility Problems • high quality in accommodation services for
• Environmental and Landscape tourism development.
contamination • Citizen and civil associations support to Historical
• Urban compact and inaccessible (Albaicin Center.
was islamic city). • Tradition tourist activities.
• Housings empty.
• Inmigration and poverty.
• Low economic activity • Opportunities
• Tourist Image.
• University Buildings
• Menaces • New residents parkings.
• Disappearance resident population. • Creation Open Comercial Center. (shops
• Increase Urban deterioration. association).
• Monument Heritage rescue. • Introduce tourist voucher.
• Obstacle to buildings rehabilitation. • To make our citizens awake of the Urban Problem.
• Failure political of rehabilitation. • To recover the interest about Center.
• Put up of price of housing. • Urban Planning of Historic Center.
• Excessive use of private vehicles. • Specialized Urban Management System.
• To lead Metropolitan transformation.

11. Convert weakness into opportunities
The city is the problem, but it is the solution

12. Keys of new model:
Territoriality
Integrality
Participation

13. We must build a management model based on:
Integrality: Addressing jointly coordinated and planned the
necessary actions to address the problems of the city, looking for
the potential of the city and the people.
Territoriality: Having the territory. Generate solutions adapted to
the territory both in the organizational model, resources and
methodology.
Participation: It is necessary the presence and involvement of
the residents to decide what neighborhood/city want.

14. Who s decide, as it will be a Proyect of renovation in the historical city?
The politician…? The technicals experts…? The citizens….?
Or better.. All togheter…

15. The people ask:
When ?
Where ?
What ?
Who ?

16. Participation is:
Listening
Learning
Sharing

17. Technique for stimulate/promote participation. Workshop

18. 1 Having the territory, flexibility: Adaptation to singularity
of each city

19. 2 Intervention from knowledge. The integral actions must be
based on knowledge of the territory
Diagnosis, analysis, urban and social structure, uses of the building, heritage
values​​, public facilities, accessibility, physical condition of buildings, distortions
urban, planning analysis, legislation ...

20. 3 Management instrument: Specialized Offices
Traditional wood cover, integrate new technologies Recovering traditional crafts
Social: Support
programs for the
elderly, immigrants ...
Heritage: Policies to
improve knowledge of
the historical city

21. 3 Actions to produce a change in attitude
towards society and we manage urban
projects.

22. Action 1
Heritage and tourism.
Cultural-heritage-tourism can be a good
combination to revalue the city, although
we should target a tourism that looks for
the quality and authenticity, which is
called motivational tourism, and which is
quantitative smaller than the one
generated by the tour-operators. However
this kind of tourism-cultural that interests
us make our historic cities attractive
because it puts into value their greater
spending power and lower environmental
impact, and targets a visitor who is an
experienced traveler and who demands
quality and authenticity.
If we know our ideal tourist profile, we
have to ask ourselves what must we do
to attract him?. Each city must give the
right answer to this question, as we have
commented, by applying quality criteria
based on
diversity, authenticity, sustainability, whic
h are necessary and essential to not
break values ​and to allow the city the
balance between economic development
and the active protection of its heritage
and urban activity that occurs on a day to
day of a pulsating city living.

23. April Fair in Seville The historic city wants this
cultural tourism, which is
Flamenco performance
outside of the big tour-
operators, and which is based
on autodidactic approach, and
which investigates the city and
its cultural events. It is also
mixed in its activities
(gastronomic, entertainment, fol
klore, cultural), and sets its own
routes and heritage itineraries of
those who are eager for
knowledge...
It is the visitor who will spend
the night in the city, with high
purchasing power, respectful
with city, and probably will
repeat visits and thus can
become a frequent regular
temporary citizen.
Intangible - Tangible Heritage
Is it posibble to join heritage
conservation measures and
economic activities: flamenco
tourism…?

24. Teruo Kabaya, is Japanese. He lives in Tokyo seven months, and 5 months in
Granada. He enjoys flamenco (guitar), and he wants to know Spanish culture,
gastronomy… He loves Albaicin and Granada city.

25. Teruo Kabaya bought a building on the square Carvajales (Albaicin.
Granada). He will want to live in the Albaicin. But at the same time, he will
want to create a small workshop of flamenco.
Is this possible?, Housing rehabilitation combined with a flamenco workshop

26. Recover handicrafts, traditional techniques woodworking, combined
with new technologies. (Intangible Heritage)

27. Interior courtyard and facade. Once rehabilitated building.
Contrasts the wealth of the interior courtyard with the simplicity of the
facade. (very common in Albaicin s homes)

28. courtyard and rooms used for flamenco workshop
Teruo Kabaya now lives in his Albaicin s house. But on the ground floor there
is a flamenco workshop and 3 housing. Teruo Kabaya rents this housing
protected price for 10 years to low income families. We combined tangible and
intangible heritage. (1bedroom housing is rented at 80 € /month)

29. Action 2
Recovering urban identity, cultural, social and heritage.
Rehabilitate and restore the city built giving life, sustainable action that we take our
resources: urban, social and economic.
Liberated galleries, courtyards, hallways occupied irregularly to improve habitability of the
building and create opportunities for quality and local coexistence.
Recover lifestyles associated with the house-courtyard

30. Leipzig Charter: Interaction between architecture and urban planning and human create attractive spaces.
Baulkultur Concept: “Building culture". The addition of all aspects: cultural, economic, social,
technological and ecological that have influence in quality and the process of construction of the city.

31. Recovering urban identity, cultural and social. (Intagible Heritage)
Where does it begin the public space of the city?.
Maybe, galleries, courtyards are street or square.
Lifestyles associated with the urban. The housing is integrated in the city.

32. This is a courtyards for shared use (of the neighbors who live in the building). But it is
used as an extension of the house owner. Where does it begin the public and private
space?.
In Mediterranean culture, the courtyards of the houses are the beginning of the
street, in the square. The courtyard is also a meeting place, the neighbors courtyards
enables a citizen relationship

33. The altar of a Church, its symbols, its religious representation. It is very introduced
in the memory of citizens ... These symbols are copied into the daily lives of
people, in the decorations of the house, the courtyard.. Identity. INTANGIBLE

34. Action 3
Urban management innovation: Negotiation and Agreement
Berta: own a building of 5
housing, with a total constructed area
of 485 m2. Each housing has about
58m2.
Urban Negotiation: Be able to
rehabilitate
2 housing are occupied by Berta and
the tenant, 3 empty housing that Berta
“temporal concession” to Regional
Government for 5 years.
Berta rents this housing protected
price for 10 years to low income
families. ( housing 3 bedroom is
rented at 140 € /month)
Berta investment…. 125.000€
Public funds………….162.000€
Total…… 287.000€
(data 2004)
2 years negotiation with Berta.
Start work 2004.
Work End 2006.

35. Urban management innovation: Negotiation and Agreement
Rehabilitating one building,
Can be considered a The answer is in the Micro?
strategy for cohesion policy ?

36. Recovery of hidden elements in the Moorish house

37. Structural reinforcements and recovery
spatial courtyard of the house Moorish

38. Recover handicrafts, traditional techniques woodworking, combined
with new technologies. (Intangible Heritage)

40. Each action must generate a “plus” credibility of the public in the city.
Maintaining a critical vision and analytical, permanently in the
intervention development.
Adapting to the changing realities of the city

41. Politicians of the Regional Government
President Association Battered Women President Immigrant Assistance NGO

42. A multicultural city, we all do town. (Intangible heritage)
Neighborhoods/historic centers with citizenship: the city for citizens

43. The best of project is our people
Thanks for your attention.
Federico Salmerón. Email: federico18009@gmail.com