The document discusses different conjunctions and phrases that can be used to express causal relationships between ideas. Some of the conjunctions discussed include "in order to/so as to/to" to express purpose or intention, "because/since/for/as/seeing that/now that" to express reason, and "although/though/even though" to express concessions.

2. Result + Connection + Cause
Cause + Connection + Result
Connection + Contrast Causes
Positive Cause + Connection + Negative Cause
Negative Cause + Connection + Positive Cause
Positive Cause+ Connection + Positive Cause
Negative Cause+ Connection + Negative Cause

3. +
in order to
so as to
v.1
+
to (infinitive)
in order that
+ so as that +
so that

4. in order to
so as to
to
(infinitive=v.1)

5. Example 1 : We go to school. We want to learn.
in order to, so as to
to go to school in order to / so as to / to learn.
We
( )

6. Example : She is saving money. She wants to buy a car.
She is saving money in order to / so as to / to buy a car.
( )

7. Example : People play sports. They don’t want to get fat.
People play sports in order not to / so as not to / not to get fat.
( )

8. Example : She came in quietly. She doesn’t want to wake the baby.
She came in quietly in order not to / so as not to / not to wake the baby.
(

9. in order that
so as that
so that

10. Example : We study hard. We want to pass the exam.
in order
that, so that, so as that
We study hard in order that / so that / so as that we can pass the exam.
( )

11. Example 2 : They went to the theater. They wanted to see a film.
They went to the theater in order that / so that / so as that
they could see a film.
(

12. Example 3 : She hid her letter. She didn’t want him to see it.
She hid her letter in order that / so that / so as that he couldn’t see it.
(

13. because
since
for
as
seeing that
now that
whereas

14. because
since
for
as
seeing that
now that

15. Example : He was lazy. He failed the test.
because,
since, for, as, seeing that, now that
He failed the test because ( since / for / as / seeing that / now that)
he was lazy. (

16. Example 2 : She is honest. I trust her.
I trust her because ( since / for / as / seeing that / now that)
she is honest.
( )

17. Example 3 : He was absent from school. He was very ill.
He was absent from school because ( since / for / as /
seeing that / now that) he was very ill.
(

18. because of
due to
owing to

19. Example : He was lazy. He failed the test.
because of,
duefailed the test because of
He to, owing to (due to / owing to) his laziness.
( )

20. Example 2 : She is honest. I trust her.
I trust her because of (due to / owing to) her honesty.
(

21. Example 3 : He was absent from school. He was very ill.
He was absent from school because of (due to / owing to)
his illness.
(

22. so,
+
thus, +
cause) hence, (reason)
thereby,
consequently,
accordingly,

23. Although,
Though,
Even though,
+ +
cause) (reason)
Even if
However,