This document discusses conditional sentences, which express a condition and consequence. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional, which expresses scientific facts or general truths using present tense; first conditional, which expresses possible future events using present and future tenses; second conditional, which expresses hypothetical or unlikely situations using past tense; and third conditional, which expresses regret about past events that did not happen using past perfect and conditional perfect tenses. Examples are provided for each type.

1. also known as IF SENTENCES
- are sentences that express condition and
consequence

2. COMPONENTS
OF A CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
1. AN IF CLAUSE
- one that expresses the condition,
introduced by the word “if”
2. THE MAIN CLAUSE
- one that expresses the consequence,
uses the words can, will, may, might, could,
would
Example: If you cry, you will look ugly.
or You will look ugly if you cry.

3. Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional

4. is a structure used to talk about things which are
always true -- scientific facts, general truths
Example:
If you heat water at 100 degrees, it boils.
Pattern:
If + present simple , present simple.

5.  is used to talk about things which are possible in the
present or the future -- things which may happen.
Example:
If you study hard, you will pass the test.
If it rains tomorrow, we shall cancel the picnic.
Pattern:
If + present simple , future simple.

6.  is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true
or not possible) in the present or the future -- things
which don't or won't happen.
Example:
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
If it were ready, you could start dinner.
Pattern:
If + past simple , would/could/might + verb

7. is used to talk about things which DID NOT
HAPPEN in the past. It is often used to express
criticism or regret.
Example:
If I had studied harder, I would have passed
the exam.
If he hadn’t fallen asleep while driving, he
would not have crashed his car.
Pattern:
If + past perfect, would/could/might + have +
past participle

8. Let’s Practice. Which among the
sentences is zero, first, second, and
third conditional?
1. If you were nicer to him, he would
lend you money.
2. You die if you don’t eat.
3. If I had been late, I would have lost
my job.
4. If you need my umbrella, I will lend
it to you.