Madelung deformity is an abnormality of the palmar ulnar part of the distal radial physis in which progressive ulnar and volar tilt develops at the distal radial articular surface, with dorsal subluxation of the distal ulna.
Presentation contain etiology, blood supply of femoral head & neck,pathogenesis ,classification system ,clinical features,diagnosis,managment, pelvic & femoral osteotomies in detail
Madelung deformity is an abnormality of the palmar ulnar part of the distal radial physis in which progressive ulnar and volar tilt develops at the distal radial articular surface, with dorsal subluxation of the distal ulna.
Presentation contain etiology, blood supply of femoral head & neck,pathogenesis ,classification system ,clinical features,diagnosis,managment, pelvic & femoral osteotomies in detail
this is a complete and comprehensive presentation on the congenital hand anomalies. An important object in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery
ADACTYLY IN FETUS
PORENCEPHALIC CYST IN FETUS
SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA IN FETUS
MUSCLE HERNIA IN ADULT
FETAL REDUCTION
AGENESIS OF CORPUS CALLOSUM
FLAT FETAL FACIAL PROFILE
paediatric injuries around the elbow
supracondylar elbow injuries
pulled elbow in paediatric age r
radiological signs around elbow in supracondylar fracture humerus
El síndrome de Marfan es un trastorno hereditario que afecta el tejido conectivo, es decir, las fibras que sostienen y sujetan los órganos y otras estructuras del cuerpo. El síndrome de Marfan afecta más frecuentemente el corazón, los ojos, los vasos sanguíneos y el esqueleto.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
this ppt provides a comprehensive review & exam oriented details
compiled from journals & old edition textbooks. because ITB contracture has become a rare presentation. & new edition books doesnt speak about it much...
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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2. Introduction :
8 weeks after fertilization , embryogenesis is complete
& all the limb structures are present.
Majority of congenital anomalies are to be happening
at this period.
3 signaling centers are responsible for different aspects
of limb development.
3. Apical ectodermal ridge : helps in interdigital necrosis & separates webbed
hand
Zone of polarizing of activity : helps in antero posterior orientation of limb
(signaling molecule is SONIC HEDGE HOG PROTEIN)
Wnt signaling center : dorso ventral axis configuration & alignment of limb
with a dorsal orientation .
6. Terminal (T)
LONGITUDINAL
1. Complete paraxial hemimelia (complete absence of
one of the forearm or leg elements, and of the
corresponding portion of the hand or foot)
2. Incomplete paraxial hemimelia (similar to the
above, but part of the defective element is present)—
3. Partial adactylia (absence of one to four digits and
their
metacarpals or metatarsals): 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
4. Partial aphalangia (absence of one or more
phalanges from one to four digits): 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5
TRANSVERSE
1. Amelia (absence of limb)
2. Hemimelia (absence of forearm and hand or leg and
foot)
3. Partial hemimelia (part of forearm or leg is present)
4. Acheiria or apodia (absence of hand or foot)
5. Complete adactylia (absence of all five digits and
their metacarpals or metatarsals)
6. Complete aphalangia (absence of one or more
phalanges from all five digits)
7. Intercalary (I)
TRANSVERSE
1. Complete phocomelia (hand or foot attached
directly to trunk)
2. Proximal phocomelia (hand and forearm, or
foot and leg, attached directly to trunk)
3. Distal phocomelia (hand or foot attached
directly to arm or thigh)
LONGITUDINAL
1. Complete paraxial hemimelia (similar to
corresponding terminal defect but hand or
foot is more or less complete
2. Incomplete paraxial hemimelia (similar to
corresponding terminal defect but hand or foot
is more or less complete
3. Partial adactylia (absence of all or part of a
metacarpal or metatarsal
4. Partial aphalangia (absence of proximal or
middle phalanx, or both, from one or more
digits
8. Classification of congenital
anomalies of HAND :
1) FAILURE OF FORMATION OF PART
Transverse arrest – most commonly at level of proximal
forearm (ex : misoprostol used for abortion)
longitudinal arrest (ex radial & ulnar dysplasia)
2) FAILURE OF DIFFERENTIATION (SEPARATION)
Radio ulnar synostosis
3) duplication
4) overgrowth
9. 5) undergrowth
6) congenital constriction band syndrome
7) gen abnormalities – MADELUNG DEFORMITY
10. PHOCOMELIA/SEAL LIMB/FLIPPER:
Extreme expression of longitudinal reduction of
intercalated segment of limb.
Hand is suspended from the body (near shoulder)with
only 3 or 4 digits
M/C due to thalidomide
11. FRANTZ O RAHILLY CLASSIFICATION :
1. Complete all 4 limbs affected
2. Extreme hypoplasia of proximal limb bones with
forearm & hand attached to the trunk
3. Hand attached directly to humerus with associated
deficiencies
Treatment : often conservative
Rarely prosthesis
12. RADIAL DYSPLASIA / RADIAL CLUB HAND :
Deficiency along the preaxial or radial side of the
extremity.
Sporadic occurance
Thalidomide & radiation
Etiopath : cong absence / 20 to syphillis /abnormal
pressure on embryo / AER defect.
shortened forearm
Radially deviated wrist
13.
14. Treatment : ROM exercises of elbow & wrist / serial
casting
Sx Radialization / centralization
15. RADIO ULNAR SYNOSTOSIS :
Upper limb buds arises at 26 days of age
@ 35 days elbow is connected cartilage anlage –
longitudinal separation produces radius & ulna.
Epidemio : 90% sporadic
90% bilateral
male > female
16. Clinical & radiological findings :
Difficulty holding objects, feeding themselves
FIXED PRONATION RANGE
Forearm shortening
Hypermobile wrist
X ray shows – from fibrous to osseous union for
varying length, radial bowing ,
17. Wilkie classification :
Type 1 : smooth fusion @ prox radio ulnar joint
Type 2 : radio ulnar synostosis with radial head
dislocation
Management : non op : observation
operative : synostosis take down with fascio fat
incorporation between the joint .
18. MADE LUNG DEFORMITY
GROWTH DISTURBANCE OF VOLAR ULNAR
DISTAL RADIUS PHYSIS RESULTING IN VOLAR &
ULNAR DRIFTED HAND WITH PROMINENT
DISTAL ULNA.
Etio : post trauma / dysplastic/ chromosomal /
idiopathic
19. 1. Distal radius growth plate : abnormal muscle
insertion, vascular dysgenesis of radial growth plate
2. LIGAMENT OF VICKER : from ulnovolar
metaphyseal region of distal radius to anterior
surface of lunate & anterior radioulanr lig of TFCC
21. CLEIDO CRANIAL DYSOSTOSIS :
Aplasia of clavicle
Exaggerated development of transverse diameter of
cranium
Delayed closure of fontanelle
AD
Etio : membranous bones affected
non fusion of 20 ossification centers
22. PFFD
Femur is shorter than normal
Discontinuity between femoral neck & shaft
4-6 weeks limb buds appear
M/C etiology to affect @ this time = anoxia , ischaemia
,infection, toxins, hormonal