The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
GENETICS & MALOCCLUSION - II /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Cybernetic theory of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Molar uprighting /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
GENETICS & MALOCCLUSION - II /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Cybernetic theory of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Molar uprighting /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of maxilla /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Controversies surrounding the efficacy of functional appliancesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. Impacted teeth can be defined as those prevented from eruption at the expected time due to physical barrier. The etiology, frequency of impactions are given. Classification systems are based on the depth, angulation, and available space. Complications associated with lower third molar impaction are discussed and methods of treatment are explained. Comparison between maxillary third molar and mandibular one is given. Upper canine is the second most commonly impacted tooth after third molars. It form the foundation of an esthetic smile. The management of impacted canine is interdisciplinary management comprises of a team of an orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Basic mechanism of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth rotation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth and development of maxilla and mandible/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Copy of growth and development of the mandible1/certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Histological changes in dentofacial orthopaedics1 /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Physiology of the stomatognathic system /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Mandible growth pre natal & post natal / /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Jaw relation /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Jr biological and clinical considerations /orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of the mandible /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Temporomandibular joint /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth relativity hypothesis1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
What is fixation?
Fixation in orthopedics is the process by which an injury is rendered immobile. This may be accomplished by internal fixation, or by external fixation.
What is internal fixation?
Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone
What is osteosynthesis?
Osteosynthesis is the reduction and internal fixation of a bone fracture with implantable devices that are usually made of metal. It is a surgical procedure with an open or per cutaneous approach to the fractured bone. Osteosynthesis aims to bring the fractured bone ends together and immobilize the fracture site while healing takes place. In a fracture that is rigidly immobilized the fracture heals by the process of intramembranous ossification
INDICATIONS for internal fixation
History of Fracture Treatment and Development Of Modern Osteosynthesis
In the Preantibiotic era, closed reduction of fractures was understandably the rule for most fractures. However, when closed reduction was insufficient, external fixation appliances served to maintain skeletal units in position, frequently without the need for MMF (Maxillo-mandibular fixation) .Following the development of antibiotics, the open treatment of fractures began to be used on a more frequent basis.
Rigid internal fixation (RIF) is “Any form of fixation applied directly to the bones which is strong enough to permit active use of the skeletal structure during the healing phase and also helps in healing”.
Bone fractures have been treated with various conservative techniques for centuries and it was not until the eighteenth century that internal fixation was first documented.
Icart, a French surgeon in Castres, performed ligature fixation with brass wire on a young man with a humeral fracture.
1886, when Hansmann of Hamburg published a technique using retrievable metal bone plates with transcutaneous screws.
Soon after, a Belgian surgeon, Albin Lambotte, improved these techniques and coined the term internal fixation.
Lambotte developed and manufactured a variety of bone plates and screws and much of his armamentarim remained in use until the 1950s.
In the twentieth century, Sherman improved on Lambotte’s designs and created parallel, threaded, finepitched, self-tapping screws. This hardware was made of corrosion-resistant vanadium steel, which was a strength improvement over silver and ivory fixation materials.
BIOLOGY OF BONE AND BONE HEALING
Bone is a complex and ever-evolving connective tissue and serves multiple purposes. Besides being the main constituent of the human skeletal system, bone is highly metabolically active and essential for the regulation of serum electrolytes—namely, calcium and phosphate.
Marrow cavities are filled with hematopoietic elements necessary to manufacture and maintain blood components and regulate the immune system. Bone is comprised
Similar to Condyle secondary cartilage-a misnomer /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentalcasting alloys/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Cartilage
It’s a type of connective tissue found on
the ends of bones, which protects and
cushions them, and absorbs the forcses
transmitted throughout the body;a living
tissue without a direct blood supply.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Facts about cartilage
Mesenchymal in origin
Consists of cartilage cells called chondrocytes
and a ground substance
Rigid and firm, but not hard
Matrix is noncalcified and avascular
Can grow both interstitially and appositionally
Is covered by perichondrium but can exist
without one.
Uniquely Pressure tolerant.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Types of Cartilage and their
Distribution
Hyaline cartilage - 1. Costochondral Junctions
2. Articular surfaces of most
joints
3. Some laryngeal cartilages
4. Walls of Trachea and large
bronchi
5. Epiphyseal plate of long bones
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Fibrocartilage –
1. Secondary cartilaginous joints or symphysis
2. Articular discs of Synovial joints
3. Shoulder and hip joints
Elastic cartilage – 1. Auricle
2. Medial part of auditory tube
3. Epiglottis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Steps in Endochondral Ossification
Mesenchymal condesation at
site of bone formation
Differentiation of mesenchymal
cells to form chondroblasts.
Those on the surface form
perichondrium
Calcification of intercellular
substance
Formation of PRIMARY
AREOLAE
Invasion of calcified
cartilaginous matrix by the
PERIOSTEAL BUD
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Primary Vs Secondary Cartilage
According to Stutzmann (1976)
Primary Cartilage – exists in the axial skeleton,
skull base and limbs; the dividing cells , the
differentiated chondroblasts are surrounded by a
cartilaginous matrix that isolates them from local
factors able to restrain or stimulate cartilaginous
growth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Secondary Cartilages – exist in the condylar and
coronoid processes and sometimes in sutures;the
dividing cells ,prechondroblasts, are not
surrounded by a cartilaginous matrix and thus are
not isolated from local growth modifications
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Origin of the term “Secondary
Cartilage
A common theory of the 18th and 19th
century – that cartilage always preceded
and turned into bone.
That most bone was not transformed
cartilage but formed by an independent
process ( intramembranous ossification) –
gave forth the revolutionary idea of
“Secondary Cartilages “.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Schaffer’s Definition of Secondary
cartilages
Schaffer defined as secondary or accessory any
cartilage forming after and separate from the
primary cartilaginous skeleton.
Examples – mandibular symphysis, condyle,
coronoid process , ends of clavicle,on several
bones of the cranial vault, cartilage participating
temporarily in callus formation.
Heterotrophic cartilage – secondary cartilages
that are occasional abnormal malformations not
typical of the site and species – eg.cartilage in
human arterial walls.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Apart from differing times of first
formation can one otherwise
justify a separation of secondary
cartilage from primary?
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Fuch’s refutation of Secondary
cartilage
Argued that the relation between secondary
cartilages and pressure / mechanical stimulation
was inconsistent.
Noted that the mechanical action of the condyle
played no role in the formation of cartilage.
That no criterion – whether of timing, histology or
etiology precisely seperated the two categories.
Contended that he had positive evidence that
secondary cartilages were in fact primary.
Claimed to have recognized a
CHONDROBLASTEM at sites of futures
secondary cartilage.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Key points of Fuch
Mechanical forces cannot be seen to play a role
in the origin of all secondary cartilages.
There is overlap between the first appearance of
primary and secondary cartilages.
The secondary cartilages vary greatly in their
histologic appearance.
He called to attention the secondary nature of
structures not included by Schaffer -
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. If the boundaries of Schaffer’s
class of secondary cartilages so
vulnerable, has the concept any
value?
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Differences between condylar
and epiphyseal cartilages
Biologic criteria
Epiphyseal growth
plates
Condyle
Origin
Derivative of
primordial cartilage
Secondary cartilage
formation on original
membrane bone
Growth
Interstitial
Peripheral in
Fibrocartilage
covering; proliferating
cells are not cartilage
cells but
undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells.
Mechanical Stimuli
Unresponsive
Responsive
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Biologic Criteria
Epiphyseal
Growth Plates
Condyles
Maturation
Secondary ossification
centers,final fusion and
disappearance of all
cartilage
Conversion from
hypertrophic to non
hypertrophic state but
not complete conversion
to bone
Histology
Only the degenrative
zone is mineralizing
Whole hypertrophic area
is in state of
mineralization, structural
organization is lacking
Hormonal control
Marked response to
thyroxine deficiency,after
final fusion no further
response to growth
hormone
Minimal response to
thyroxine
deficiency.Mature
condyle can be
reawakened by growth
hormone
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Effects of Orthodontic forces on the
Mandible
It is fair to say that controlling excessive mandibular growth is an
important unsolved problem in orthodontics.
If growth stimulation is defined as producing a larger mandible at the
end of total growth period than would have existed without
treatment; it is much harder to demonstrate a positive effect.
The ultimate size of mandible in treated and untreated patients is
remarkably similar.
Muscle activity is not necessary to obtain growth modification.
When the mandible is protruded or restrained, changes occur on the
temporal as well as the mandibular side of the TMJ.
The Herbst appliance is potentially the most effective of functional
appliances in altering jaw growth probably because of its full time
action, but is also rather unpredictable in terms of the amount of
skeletal versus dental changes likely to be produced.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Acceleration of mandibular
growth often occurs but a long
term increase in size is difficult
to demonstrate and,if it exists
at all, is so small to be
clinically significant.
Functional appliances that are
aimed at stimulating
mandibular growth produce a
highly variable response,but
the growth acceleration that
sometimes occurs can be
useful
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Tentative interpretation of the
method of operation of functional
appliances
Functional Appliance
Increased contractile
activity of the LPM
Intensification of
repetitive activity of
the retrodiscal pad
Increase in growth stimulating
factors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Increase in growth stimulating factors
.Change in condylar trabecular orientation
.Additional Growth of condylar cartilage
.Additional subperiosteal ossification of the posterior border of
The mandible
Supplementary lengthening of the
mandible
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Functional Appliances believed to
stimulate growth of condylar
cartilage
Class II elastics – believed to stimulate growth rate and
amount of condylar cartilage; the stimulating action
mediated primarily through the retrodiscal pad.
Herren (L.S.U activator) – increase growth of condylar
cartilage if the appliance is worn for 12 – 18 hours.
Increased repititive activity of retrodiscal pad produces
hypertrophy of condylar chondroblasts.
Neither the functional regulator nor the Harvold activator
are capable of altering the size of the mandible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Condylar Cartilage before and after
resection of LPM and retrodiscal Pad
Resection of LPM and
retrodiscal pad produces a
significant slowdown of
condylar cartilage growth rate
Interruption of blood supply to
the differentiating
skeletoblasts;originating from
the LPM may be the probable
cause.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Demise of the Lateral Pterygoid
Hypothesis
Anatomic research has
not found significant
attachments of the LPM
to the condylar head.
Hyperactivity of the LPM
during mandibular
advancement thereapy is
doubtful as the muscle
actually shortens during
this procedure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. New bone formation at
the condyle was
associated with
decreased postural EMG
activity in the LPM,
masseter and digastric
muscles
This has led to the
evolution of NON
MUSCULAR
HYPOTHESIS.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Lateral Functional Shift of the mandible –
effects on condylar cartilage thickness and
proliferation
Condyle on the side opposite the direction of shift is
displaced anteriorly or protruded while the condyle on
the side towards the shift is more stable positionally and
is less likely to be retruded.
Growth of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage (MCC)
adapts to its local functional biomechanical environment
Thus differential changes in the metabolic activity of the
MCC would be expected on the non protruded and
protruded sides.
Increased thickness of the MCC was followed by
temporary increased proliferation of prechondroblastic
cells on the protruded side.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Clinical implications
Functional appliances which protrude or
retrude the mandible and alter the local
functional-biomechanical environment;
can alter the growth of the MCC.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. What exactly affects the growth of
the condylar head?
Genetic theory -
suggests that condylar growth is
strongly under the influence of genes.
Functional Matrix Theory – though attractive
could not satisfactorily explain how condylar growth
would be stimulated by the growth of the soft tissues.
Endow and Hans – mandibular growth is a composite of
regional forces and functional agents of growth control
that interact in response to specific extracoronal
activating signals.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Growth Relativity Hypothesis –
John Voudouris
Based on three main
foundations –
Glenoid fossa
promotes condylar
growth with the use of
mandibular
advancement
thereapy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Growth Relativity Hypothesis
Viscoelastic tissues
anchored between
glenoid fossa and the
condyle insert directly into
condylar fibrocartilage
and affect its growth.
Transduction of forces
over the fibrocartilaginous
cap of condylar head
occurs as the viscoelastic
tissues are stretched
during mandibular
advancement
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Light Bulb Analogy of Condylar
growth and Retention
The condyle lights up
like a LIGHT BULB on
a dimmer switch
when it is
continuously
advanced.
The reactivated
muscle activity dims
the light bulb and
returns it to normal
growth activity at the
www.indiandentalacademy.com
end of treatment.
40. Conclusions of John Voudouris
Propulsive mandibular appliances such as herbst and twinblock cause
growth modification of the condyle fossa region that involves–
Displacement of mandible
Viscoelastic tissue extension forces to the condyle
Transduction of forces radiating beneath the fibrocartilage of the condyle
and glenoid fossa.
Condylar growth modifications occur relative to the glenoid fossa and not
necessarily as an independent and isolated phenomenon.
New bone formation at the condyle and glenoid fossa is associated with
decreased postural EMG activity in the LPM, masseter and anterior digastric
muscles.
Fixed functional appliances (Herbst) produce consistent and reproducible
condyle fossa changes compared with inconsistent results reported for
removable functional appliances.
Bone formation in the glenoid fossa and condyle was statistically significant
compared to controls.
Condylar response appears to be age determined.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Unique features of the mandibular
condyle
A major site of growth having considerable clinical
significance.
Not a pacesetting “master center” with all other regional
growth fields subordinate to and dependant on it .
The condylar cartilage has a secondary type of cartilage
which developed because of changed functional and
developmental conditions imposed on this part of the
mandible.
The condylar cartilage is not the pacemaker for the
growth of the mandible. It functions to provide regional
adaptive growth.
The condyle performs a dual role –
Provides pressure tolerant articular contact.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Makes possible a multidimensional growth
capacity in response to ever changing
developmental conditions and variations.
The condylar cartilage does have some
measure of intrinsic genetic programming.The
cartilage cells are coded to divide and divide but
extracondylar features are needed to sustain this
activity.
Condylar prechondroblasts are randomly
arranged providing an opportunity for selected
multidirectional growth potential in contrast to
long bones.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Conclusions
Secondary cartilages resemble each other in many respects eg-the clavicle
and mandibular condyle have a similar layering and disorder in their growth
cartilages.
Secondary cartilages alike in many ways differ in others.
No one secondary cartilage can represent all the properties in it’s class.
The argument that secondary cartilage can validly be distinguished from
primary one has hinged not only on morphology and histochemistry but on
whether a mechanical factor underlies secondary chondrogenesis.
Secondary cartilages have no manifest unity being in the first place non
primary cartilages.They cannot be unified by a known mechanical etiology.
Condylar cartilage can at best be considered a modified periosteum.
Condylar cartilage is rather like an epiphysis at the end of a long bone but
unlike the clavicle it has no secondary center of ossification.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. following people who helped me immensely during
the preparation of this seminar.
Dr.Uma Shankar
Dr.(Ms.) Uma Shankar
Dr.Vinod
Dr.Kuber Sood
Dr.Ramesh
Dr.Kartik
Dr.Divya
Dr.Balaji
Thanks for making it all worthwhile
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Cartilage matrix production and chondrocyte
enlargement as contributors to mandiular
growth in Animals ( AJODO Oct.1991)
Mandibular growth in length at the condyle
results from
Perichondral and
Chondral components
Matrix production depends on systemic
influences while chondrocyte enlargement might
be affected by local factors.
One could speculate that chondrocyte
enlargement rather than matrix production
should be primarily affected by orthopedic
appliances aimed at altering condylar growth
though this aspect has never been investigated.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
-Secondary cartilage does not develop by the differentiation of the established primary cartilages of the skull ( that is the cartilages of the pharyngeal arches)
Phylogenetically the original cartilage and bone that provided for mandibular articulation become converted to an ear ossicle (malleus) .thus a secondary cartilage developed on the dentary bone to provide for articulation of lower jaw with the cranium.
An adventitious type of cartilage forms rather than bone because of functional and developmental conditions imposed on this part of the mandible.
Secondary cartilageof the mandible extends from the mandibular head down and forwards in the the ramus contributing to its growth in height ;though it is largely replaced by bone in mid fetal life;it’s proximal end persists as proliferating cartilage under articular fibrocartilage until the third decade.
Part of the answer has been thought to lie in the possible extrinsic mechanical etiology of secondary cartilage , a hypothesis resting on many disputed observations and experiments.
- Herbst appliance has been shown to be the most effective in the management of class 2 malocclusions.
Occlusal changes seen during treatment are mainly a result of increased mandibular growth and maxillary and mandibular tooth movements.
Mandibular condyle position seems to be unaffected by Herbst thereapy.
The telescope mechanism of the Herbst appliance produces a posterior –upward directed force on the maxillary jaw base and an anterior –downward directed force on the mandibular jaw base and dentition.
This was not a consistent pattern. The amount and direction of maxillary rotation varied considerably amongst patients.
The herbst has been likened to a high pull headgear.
- The main effects of FR and Harvold activator were to allow vertical development of the mandibular molars and increase the height of the face.
It is now generally agreed that the secondary cartilage of the condyle is not the pacemaker for the growth of the mandible.
It’s contribution is to provide regional adaptive growth.
It maintains the condylar region in proper anatomic relation with the temporal bone as the whole mandible is brought downward and forward.
. The glenoid fossa has been reported to relocate anteroinferiorly to meet active condylar modification and to restore normal function during orthopedic treatment.
. Modification of the GF can be clinically significant whenever two strucutres – the condyle and fossa are seperated.
-Proliferation of noncartilaginous progenitor cells differentiation of newly differentiated chondroblasts constitute the perichondral component of growth.
- The chondral component is interstitial in nature and includes the production of cartilaginous matrix and enlargement of chondrocytes.