Conductivity of solutions
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This document discusses conductivity of solutions. When acids, bases, or salts dissolve in water, their atoms separate and become charged ions that can conduct electricity. Solutions of acids, bases, and salts are conductive because they contain ions, while solutions of substances like alcohol, sugar, or distilled water are non-conductive because their atoms do not separate into ions. Conductivity occurs when dissolved substances ionize into charged particles in water.
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Mia and Devon are having a summer party and need to make two sizes of ice. They wonder if the temperature at which water freezes is affected by the size of the ice. Small ice cubes freeze at a lower temperature than large blocks of ice. This is because it takes more energy to freeze a larger volume of water, so large blocks of ice freeze at a slightly higher temperature than small ice cubes.
Density Anomaly
This document discusses buoyancy, density, and why ice floats. It explains that ice is less dense than water due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules that cause water to expand when it freezes. As a result, the buoyant force on ice is greater than its weight, causing ice to float on water.
Buoyancy
The document compares two solid cubes made of the same material but different sizes - one is large and one is small. It asks which statement about the density of the cubes is true. The correct statement is that the density of the larger cube is the same as the density of the smaller cube, because density is a property of the material and does not change with the size of the object.
Water
Water is a polar covalent compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The electrons in the covalent bonds are shared unequally, with the hydrogen side being partially positive and the oxygen side being partially negative. This gives water molecules a polar nature. Water exhibits both cohesion, the attraction of water molecules to one another, and adhesion, the attraction of water molecules to other substances. Due to its high surface tension, water forms a "skin" on its surface that requires a force to break. When placed in a glass, the water curves up the sides due to surface tension forming a meniscus.
Friction
The document provides an assignment to investigate the impact of fertilizer amounts on plant growth. To properly conduct this investigation, the following factors would need to be controlled: the amount of water given to each plant, keeping track of the fertilizer amounts given to each plant, starting with plants of the same size, and keeping all plants in a similar location. Variables like the amount of fertilizer and location of the plants would need to be manipulated, while the dependent variable of plant height would be measured.
Scientific Method
The document outlines the key steps of the scientific method, which are: 1) identifying a problem or question, 2) researching existing knowledge, 3) forming a hypothesis, 4) testing the hypothesis through experimentation, 5) recording and studying the data, 6) forming a conclusion, and 7) communicating the results. It also defines key terms used in the scientific method, such as hypothesis, variables, control, and constant.
First Day Stuff
This document outlines classroom procedures for an integrated science class taught by Mr. Windsor. It details the daily schedule, which includes 10-15 minutes for warm-up and homework check, 25-30 minutes for lecture and demonstrations, lab/activities that vary in length and format, and 20-25 minutes for quizzes and videos. The document also covers safety procedures for working with electrical and mechanical equipment, as well as chemical hazards, including the Right to Know Law, chemical labeling requirements, and Material Safety Data Sheets.
Concept Map Answers
Great heat and great pressure transforms sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks. Complete melting and cooling transforms sedimentary rocks into igneous rocks. The statement that is not true about the rock cycle is that there is only one way for rocks to go through the rock cycle, as any rock type can become any other type of rock through the various processes in the rock cycle.
Bio-geochemical Cycles
The document is a multiple choice quiz about different types of rocks. Question 1 is about sedimentary rocks, which form from compressed or cemented deposits. Question 2 is about metamorphic rocks, which form from great heat and pressure. Question 3 is about igneous rocks, which form from cooled and hardened magma or lava. Question 4 asks about metamorphic rocks again, stating they often form deep in the earth's crust.
Rock Cycle
Metamorphic rocks form deep within the Earth under conditions of great heat and pressure, partially melting existing rocks like igneous or sedimentary stone. Metamorphic rocks can contain fossils from their original parent rock and form in place from the alteration of other types of rock under high temperature and pressure conditions within the Earth's crust. Common examples include marble.
Metamorphic Rocks
The document discusses different types of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. It states that sandstone forms from cementation, conglomerate forms from compaction, coal forms from organic material, and limestone forms from organic material or liquid solutions. Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing changes from heat and pressure, and examples given are shale transforming to slate and limestone transforming to marble.
Sedimentary Rocks
This document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooled magma and have large crystals if they cool slowly, small crystals if they cool fast, and no crystals if they cool extremely fast. Sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks, once-living things, or liquid solutions that harden over time. Metamorphic rocks form from intense heat or pressure that transforms existing rocks.
Igneous Rocks
The document discusses properties of minerals including that minerals are inorganic, have crystal structures, and can be identified by properties like hardness, streak, cleavage, and crystal form. Halite is identified as having cubic crystal formation and displaying fracture when it breaks.
More from twindsor1 (20)
States of Matter and physical and chemical changes
States of Matter and physical and chemical changes
Conductivity of solutions
- 1. 1. D pH Scale 2. C Neutral 3. E Ionization 4. A Neutralization reaction 5. B A “salt” A. Produces a “salt” and water B. Crystalline structure composed of a positive and negative ion C. A substance that is neither an acid nor a base D. Numbers used to indicate the strength of acids and bases E. Process by which some acids and bases dissociate in water
- 2. Review Acids Bases pH Testing Acids/Bases Neutralization reactions
- 3. Conductivity of Solutions When an acid, a base, or a salt dissolves in water Their atoms don’t stay together, they unlock When they unlock they don’t stay neutral
- 4. Conductivity of Solutions They become charged (+) or (-) Ions Ions let electricity pass through
- 6. Come over here and give me some sugar…
- 7. Conductivity of Solutions Atoms of alcohol, sugar, distilled water, don’t unlock Don’t form ions Don’t conduct electricity