Conductive system of heart
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Electrical activity of the heart
The document discusses the electrical conduction system of the heart. It explains that:
1) The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart and sets the heart rate at around 70 beats per minute.
2) If the SA node is damaged, the atrioventricular (AV) node will take over pacing at a slower rate of around 50 beats per minute.
3) Complete heart block is a life-threatening condition where the atria contract independently of the ventricles at different rates due to damage to the AV node and SA node. An artificial pacemaker is required to drive the whole heart.
Chapter i CARDIAC EXCITATION
The SA node acts as the pacemaker of the heart by spontaneously generating action potentials that spread through the atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to allow time for blood to fill the ventricles before they contract. The excitation wave travels through specialized conduction pathways in the ventricles before activating the purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. The autonomic nervous system controls heart rate and conduction through the atrioventricular node. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart by detecting the P, QRS, and T waves which represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively.
Ecg
The document discusses an electrocardiogram (ECG), which detects the electrical activity of the heart during contraction and relaxation. It explains that the sinoatrial node initiates the heart's electrical impulse, which travels through the atrioventricular node and bundle of His before causing the heart to contract. An ECG records this electrical activity through different waves that represent events in the cardiac cycle, such as atrial depolarization (P wave), ventricular depolarization (QRS complex), and repolarization (T wave). The ECG provides information to diagnose various heart conditions by analyzing features like rate, rhythm, and time intervals between waves.
Heart- Physiology and Electrophysiology
The heart is a hollow muscular organ composed of two pumps - the right heart pumps blood through the lungs while the left heart pumps blood through the body. The heart's rhythm is controlled by a conduction system that generates electrical impulses, causing the muscles to contract. These electrical impulses can be monitored by an electrocardiogram (ECG), which shows distinct waves representing the depolarization and repolarization of the heart's chambers during each heartbeat. The P wave corresponds to atrial depolarization, the QRS complex corresponds to ventricular depolarization, and the T wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization.
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
The student will be able to: (MUST KNOW)
Name the parts of conducting system of the heart.
Appreciate the importance of AV nodal delay.
Explain the mechanism of AV nodal delay.
Give the conduction velocity in different cardiac tissues.
Understand the propagation of electrical impulse in conducting system of heart.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
The document discusses the electrical activity of the heart as measured by an electrocardiogram (ECG). It begins by introducing the concept of polarization and the resting membrane potential of heart cells. It then describes the phases of the cardiac action potential: depolarization, repolarization, and the refractory periods. It compares the action potentials of pacemaker and non-pacemaker cells. It also discusses the conduction of the cardiac impulse and how this is reflected in the different waves of the ECG. Finally, it covers topics like ECG paper format, lead systems, heart rate calculation, and interpreting the ECG.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
The document summarizes electrical activity in the heart. It discusses:
1) How electrical signals originate in the sinoatrial node and propagate through the heart, causing atrial and ventricular contraction.
2) The action potentials that occur in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles.
3) How the electrocardiogram (ECG) records these electrical signals to examine cardiac excitation and contraction.
Cardiac conduction system
The cardiac conduction system is made up of four main structures that stimulate contraction of the heart muscle in a coordinated way. The sinoatrial node acts as the pacemaker and initiates electrical impulses throughout the heart. The atrioventricular node receives impulses from the atria and slows conduction to allow for proper atrial contraction before ventricular contraction. Impulses then travel through the atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction of the ventricles. An electrocardiogram is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart and detect any abnormalities.
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Electrical activity of the heart
The document discusses the electrical conduction system of the heart. It explains that:
1) The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart and sets the heart rate at around 70 beats per minute.
2) If the SA node is damaged, the atrioventricular (AV) node will take over pacing at a slower rate of around 50 beats per minute.
3) Complete heart block is a life-threatening condition where the atria contract independently of the ventricles at different rates due to damage to the AV node and SA node. An artificial pacemaker is required to drive the whole heart.
Chapter i CARDIAC EXCITATION
The SA node acts as the pacemaker of the heart by spontaneously generating action potentials that spread through the atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to allow time for blood to fill the ventricles before they contract. The excitation wave travels through specialized conduction pathways in the ventricles before activating the purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. The autonomic nervous system controls heart rate and conduction through the atrioventricular node. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart by detecting the P, QRS, and T waves which represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively.
Ecg
The document discusses an electrocardiogram (ECG), which detects the electrical activity of the heart during contraction and relaxation. It explains that the sinoatrial node initiates the heart's electrical impulse, which travels through the atrioventricular node and bundle of His before causing the heart to contract. An ECG records this electrical activity through different waves that represent events in the cardiac cycle, such as atrial depolarization (P wave), ventricular depolarization (QRS complex), and repolarization (T wave). The ECG provides information to diagnose various heart conditions by analyzing features like rate, rhythm, and time intervals between waves.
Heart- Physiology and Electrophysiology
The heart is a hollow muscular organ composed of two pumps - the right heart pumps blood through the lungs while the left heart pumps blood through the body. The heart's rhythm is controlled by a conduction system that generates electrical impulses, causing the muscles to contract. These electrical impulses can be monitored by an electrocardiogram (ECG), which shows distinct waves representing the depolarization and repolarization of the heart's chambers during each heartbeat. The P wave corresponds to atrial depolarization, the QRS complex corresponds to ventricular depolarization, and the T wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization.
Conductive system of heart by Dr. Pandian M
The student will be able to: (MUST KNOW)
Name the parts of conducting system of the heart.
Appreciate the importance of AV nodal delay.
Explain the mechanism of AV nodal delay.
Give the conduction velocity in different cardiac tissues.
Understand the propagation of electrical impulse in conducting system of heart.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
The document discusses the electrical activity of the heart as measured by an electrocardiogram (ECG). It begins by introducing the concept of polarization and the resting membrane potential of heart cells. It then describes the phases of the cardiac action potential: depolarization, repolarization, and the refractory periods. It compares the action potentials of pacemaker and non-pacemaker cells. It also discusses the conduction of the cardiac impulse and how this is reflected in the different waves of the ECG. Finally, it covers topics like ECG paper format, lead systems, heart rate calculation, and interpreting the ECG.
Electrical Activity of the Heart
The document summarizes electrical activity in the heart. It discusses:
1) How electrical signals originate in the sinoatrial node and propagate through the heart, causing atrial and ventricular contraction.
2) The action potentials that occur in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles.
3) How the electrocardiogram (ECG) records these electrical signals to examine cardiac excitation and contraction.
Cardiac conduction system
The cardiac conduction system is made up of four main structures that stimulate contraction of the heart muscle in a coordinated way. The sinoatrial node acts as the pacemaker and initiates electrical impulses throughout the heart. The atrioventricular node receives impulses from the atria and slows conduction to allow for proper atrial contraction before ventricular contraction. Impulses then travel through the atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibers to coordinate simultaneous contraction of the ventricles. An electrocardiogram is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart and detect any abnormalities.
Electrical activity of heart
The document discusses electrical activity of the heart and electrocardiography. It describes how electrical signals originate in the sinoatrial node and travel through the atria and ventricles. This causes depolarization and contraction of heart muscle. Electrodes placed on the body surface can detect these electrical signals as waves on an electrocardiogram tracing. The tracing shows distinct P, QRS, and T waves corresponding to atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. A standard 12-lead ECG provides a comprehensive view of the heart's electrical activity from multiple angles.
Cardiac contractility
The document discusses cardiac electrophysiology and contractility. It describes the pacemaker potential and automaticity of the sinoatrial node, which allows it to initiate action potentials without external stimulation at a rate of 100 beats per minute. It also discusses the conduction of action potentials through the heart via the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. Contraction is triggered by increases in intracellular calcium levels. The cardiac action potential is longer than in skeletal muscle, lasting 200-300 milliseconds, which allows time for relaxation between contractions.
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The document discusses the cardiac conduction system, which generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the heart to cause rhythmic contractions. It includes:
1) The sinoatrial node generates the normal rhythm, which is conducted through internodal pathways to the atrioventricular node.
2) There is a delay in the atrioventricular node before conduction through the atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibers to the ventricles.
3) The total delay between atrial and ventricular depolarization is approximately 0.16 seconds to ensure coordinated pumping of the heart.
Generation and conduction of Cardiac impulse
Topics included :- Steps involved in generation and conduction of cardiac impulse; Electrocardiogram; arrthymia - symtoms and it's types - bradycardia and tachycardia; Factors affecting heart's rhythm,
Electrical activity of the heart
The heart's electrical system, also called the cardiac conduction system, includes three main parts: the sinoatrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) node, and the His-Purkinje system. The SA node generates electrical signals that travel through the heart and cause the chambers to contract and pump blood through the body in a coordinated, rhythmic manner called sinus rhythm. Electrical signals pass from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node, which causes a delay allowing the atria to contract and empty before the ventricles. The signals then travel through the His-Purkinje system to cause synchronized ventricular contraction and pumping of blood out of the heart.
4. cardiovascular system
The document discusses the cardiovascular system, including:
1) The anatomy and structure of the heart, including cardiac muscle cells, intercalated disks, and pacemaker cells.
2) The cardiac action potential and its differences from skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle has a prolonged plateau phase.
3) The cardiac cycle and events in the heart, including diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole, and regulation by electrical signals.
4) Key concepts like automaticity, refractory periods, the roles of different heart valves, and how the heart pumps blood through pressure changes.
Heart block bds
This document discusses different types of heart block. Sinoatrial block occurs when the impulse from the sinus node is blocked before entering the atrial muscle, causing the atria to stop beating. Atrioventricular block occurs when impulses are blocked from passing from the atria to the ventricles. There are three degrees of atrioventricular block: first degree is a prolonged P-R interval; second degree is intermittent blocking of impulses; third degree is a complete dissociation between the atria and ventricles. Causes of atrioventricular block include ischemia, compression, inflammation, or stimulation of the vagus nerves.
Introduction to Electrocardiogram (ECG) Basics
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SINOATRIAL NODE
The sinoatrial node, located in the wall of the right atrium, is the heart's natural pacemaker. It generates electrical impulses that pass through the heart and cause it to contract. The sinoatrial node initiates action potentials that travel through the conduction system to the atrioventricular node and then to the ventricles. As the primary pacemaker, the sinoatrial node controls the heart rate by regulating the firing of action potentials. Dysfunction or ischemia of the sinoatrial node can lead to irregular heart rhythms.
Conductive system of the heart rmc 2
Physiology of Excitatory and Conductive system of the heart including action potential in cardiac pacemakers and autonomic Control of Cardiac rhythm
Heart’s pace maker, the sinoatrial node
This document summarizes the sinoatrial node, which acts as the heart's natural pacemaker by generating electrical impulses that trigger contractions. It is located in the right atrium and contains specialized cardiomyocytes. These cells use resting potential, depolarization, and repolarization to generate action potentials that conduct through the heart's conduction system and cause coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles. If the sinoatrial node fails, secondary pacemakers in the atrioventricular node or bundle of His can maintain a slower heart rate. An artificial pacemaker can also regulate heart rate electrically if the natural pacemaker is insufficient.
Conduction system and ecg
The document summarizes the cardiac conduction system and electrocardiogram (ECG). It describes how the conduction system initiates and propagates electrical signals throughout the heart to coordinate contractions. Specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node initiate signals that spread through atria and ventricles via pathways like the atrioventricular node and bundle of His. This electrical activity generates currents detectable by ECG, which can provide information on conduction abnormalities and heart health.
Cardiac electrical system
The cardiac electrical system controls the heart rate through specialized conduction cells. The sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses that spread through the atria and cause contraction. Impulses then travel to the atrioventricular node where they are delayed before entering the bundle of His and spreading to the left and right bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, causing simultaneous ventricular contraction and pumping of blood out of the heart. This coordinated conduction system allows for efficient blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle.
Conductive system of heart
This document discusses cardiac arrhythmias by outlining the types and function of cardiac muscle and the cardiac conduction system. It describes:
1) The types of cardiac muscle including atrial, ventricular, and conductive muscle. It notes the atrial and ventricular muscles contract similarly to skeletal muscle but conductive fibers contract weakly.
2) The cardiac action potential, noting it has a plateau phase due to calcium and sodium influx through slow channels.
3) The role and action potential of the sinus node in setting the heart's automatic rhythm.
4) How the cardiac conduction system including the AV node, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers conduct impulses through the heart and ventricles to coordinate contractions.
Heart- Myogenic heart . Mechanism of heart beat
This document summarizes the structure and function of the heart and its specialized tissues. It discusses how the heart is a muscular pump composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It describes how cardiac muscle forms syncytium connected by intercalated discs that allow electrical signals to spread between cells. It explains that the heart is myogenic, with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node that spontaneously depolarize, initiating an electrical impulse that spreads through pathways to contract the atria and ventricles in a coordinated manner. It outlines the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers in conducting the electrical signal throughout the heart.
ECG
ECG or electrocardiography is the graphical representation of electrical impulses produced by the heart.
The electrical impulses form due to movement of ions in the myocardial cells representing depolarization and repolarization, denotes the conduction pathway of heart, which coincides with cardiac cycle. Apart from normal electrocardiography common arrhythmias are also discussed during this session.
Ecg interpretation
The document defines ECG interpretation and provides details on obtaining an ECG, interpreting the waves and intervals, and determining heart rate and rhythm. An ECG records electrical activity in the heart over multiple beats and is interpreted by healthcare professionals. Key aspects covered include placing electrodes to obtain 12-lead ECGs, defining the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, and intervals like PR and QT. Methods for calculating heart rate from the RR interval and determining regularity of rhythm are also outlined.
Cardiac Pacemakers - Basics
This document discusses pacemakers, including their components, types, functions, and potential problems. It provides the following key points:
- A pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device that senses irregular or slow heartbeats and sends electrical signals to make the heart beat at a proper pace.
- Common indications for a pacemaker include advanced heart block or symptomatic bradycardia.
- Potential problems include failure to sense or capture heartbeats correctly due to issues like lead displacement or battery failure.
- Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia is a re-entry dysrhythmia that can occur. Applying a magnet over the device can help treat it.
Electrophysiology of heart
This document discusses the electrophysiology of the heart and how cardiovascular drugs can act on heart tissue. It outlines several key properties of cardiac electrophysiology that are important for understanding drug action, including impulse generation, conduction, excitability, and refractory period. Automatic fibers located in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes generate impulses, while nonautomatic fibers cannot. The document also notes that autonomic influences like the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems impact cardiac electrophysiology and contractility, and that many cardiovascular drugs have indirect autonomic effects.
Conduction system of the heart
The conduction system of the heart controls the rate and rhythm of the heart. The sinoatrial node located in the upper right chamber initiates the heartbeat, and the impulse spreads through the atria and reaches the atrioventricular node above the tricuspid valve. The impulse then travels down the bundle of His and through its branches to the Purkinje fibers, which carry the impulse to the ventricles and cause them to contract.
The electrocardiogram (ecg)
The ECG is a diagnostic tool that measures electrical currents in the heart during the cardiac cycle using electrodes placed on the body. It provides information about heart rate and rhythm, as well as signs of conditions like myocardial infarction, chamber enlargement, and conduction delays or blocks. Key aspects of the ECG include the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and intervals between them like the PR interval. Abnormal rhythms and conduction patterns seen on ECG can help diagnose conditions affecting the heart's electrical system.
ECG
The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) including:
1) The ECG machine records and prints the electrical activity of the heart on graph paper. Each wave represents a different stage of electrical conduction through the heart.
2) The standard 12-lead ECG places electrodes on the chest and limbs to measure the heart's electrical activity from different angles.
3) The normal P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. Intervals like the PR and QT intervals are also measured.
4) A normal sinus rhythm ECG shows consistent P waves followed by the QRS complex and T
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Electrical activity of heart
The document discusses electrical activity of the heart and electrocardiography. It describes how electrical signals originate in the sinoatrial node and travel through the atria and ventricles. This causes depolarization and contraction of heart muscle. Electrodes placed on the body surface can detect these electrical signals as waves on an electrocardiogram tracing. The tracing shows distinct P, QRS, and T waves corresponding to atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. A standard 12-lead ECG provides a comprehensive view of the heart's electrical activity from multiple angles.
Cardiac contractility
The document discusses cardiac electrophysiology and contractility. It describes the pacemaker potential and automaticity of the sinoatrial node, which allows it to initiate action potentials without external stimulation at a rate of 100 beats per minute. It also discusses the conduction of action potentials through the heart via the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. Contraction is triggered by increases in intracellular calcium levels. The cardiac action potential is longer than in skeletal muscle, lasting 200-300 milliseconds, which allows time for relaxation between contractions.
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The document discusses the cardiac conduction system, which generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the heart to cause rhythmic contractions. It includes:
1) The sinoatrial node generates the normal rhythm, which is conducted through internodal pathways to the atrioventricular node.
2) There is a delay in the atrioventricular node before conduction through the atrioventricular bundle and Purkinje fibers to the ventricles.
3) The total delay between atrial and ventricular depolarization is approximately 0.16 seconds to ensure coordinated pumping of the heart.
Generation and conduction of Cardiac impulse
Topics included :- Steps involved in generation and conduction of cardiac impulse; Electrocardiogram; arrthymia - symtoms and it's types - bradycardia and tachycardia; Factors affecting heart's rhythm,
Electrical activity of the heart
The heart's electrical system, also called the cardiac conduction system, includes three main parts: the sinoatrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) node, and the His-Purkinje system. The SA node generates electrical signals that travel through the heart and cause the chambers to contract and pump blood through the body in a coordinated, rhythmic manner called sinus rhythm. Electrical signals pass from the atria to the ventricles through the AV node, which causes a delay allowing the atria to contract and empty before the ventricles. The signals then travel through the His-Purkinje system to cause synchronized ventricular contraction and pumping of blood out of the heart.
4. cardiovascular system
The document discusses the cardiovascular system, including:
1) The anatomy and structure of the heart, including cardiac muscle cells, intercalated disks, and pacemaker cells.
2) The cardiac action potential and its differences from skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle has a prolonged plateau phase.
3) The cardiac cycle and events in the heart, including diastole, atrial systole, ventricular systole, and regulation by electrical signals.
4) Key concepts like automaticity, refractory periods, the roles of different heart valves, and how the heart pumps blood through pressure changes.
Heart block bds
This document discusses different types of heart block. Sinoatrial block occurs when the impulse from the sinus node is blocked before entering the atrial muscle, causing the atria to stop beating. Atrioventricular block occurs when impulses are blocked from passing from the atria to the ventricles. There are three degrees of atrioventricular block: first degree is a prolonged P-R interval; second degree is intermittent blocking of impulses; third degree is a complete dissociation between the atria and ventricles. Causes of atrioventricular block include ischemia, compression, inflammation, or stimulation of the vagus nerves.
Introduction to Electrocardiogram (ECG) Basics
Learn ECG basics. This presentation outlines the ECG basics, the different terminology, and how to diagnose simple ECG patterns.
SINOATRIAL NODE
The sinoatrial node, located in the wall of the right atrium, is the heart's natural pacemaker. It generates electrical impulses that pass through the heart and cause it to contract. The sinoatrial node initiates action potentials that travel through the conduction system to the atrioventricular node and then to the ventricles. As the primary pacemaker, the sinoatrial node controls the heart rate by regulating the firing of action potentials. Dysfunction or ischemia of the sinoatrial node can lead to irregular heart rhythms.
Conductive system of the heart rmc 2
Physiology of Excitatory and Conductive system of the heart including action potential in cardiac pacemakers and autonomic Control of Cardiac rhythm
Heart’s pace maker, the sinoatrial node
This document summarizes the sinoatrial node, which acts as the heart's natural pacemaker by generating electrical impulses that trigger contractions. It is located in the right atrium and contains specialized cardiomyocytes. These cells use resting potential, depolarization, and repolarization to generate action potentials that conduct through the heart's conduction system and cause coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles. If the sinoatrial node fails, secondary pacemakers in the atrioventricular node or bundle of His can maintain a slower heart rate. An artificial pacemaker can also regulate heart rate electrically if the natural pacemaker is insufficient.
Conduction system and ecg
The document summarizes the cardiac conduction system and electrocardiogram (ECG). It describes how the conduction system initiates and propagates electrical signals throughout the heart to coordinate contractions. Specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node initiate signals that spread through atria and ventricles via pathways like the atrioventricular node and bundle of His. This electrical activity generates currents detectable by ECG, which can provide information on conduction abnormalities and heart health.
Cardiac electrical system
The cardiac electrical system controls the heart rate through specialized conduction cells. The sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses that spread through the atria and cause contraction. Impulses then travel to the atrioventricular node where they are delayed before entering the bundle of His and spreading to the left and right bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, causing simultaneous ventricular contraction and pumping of blood out of the heart. This coordinated conduction system allows for efficient blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle.
Conductive system of heart
This document discusses cardiac arrhythmias by outlining the types and function of cardiac muscle and the cardiac conduction system. It describes:
1) The types of cardiac muscle including atrial, ventricular, and conductive muscle. It notes the atrial and ventricular muscles contract similarly to skeletal muscle but conductive fibers contract weakly.
2) The cardiac action potential, noting it has a plateau phase due to calcium and sodium influx through slow channels.
3) The role and action potential of the sinus node in setting the heart's automatic rhythm.
4) How the cardiac conduction system including the AV node, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers conduct impulses through the heart and ventricles to coordinate contractions.
Heart- Myogenic heart . Mechanism of heart beat
This document summarizes the structure and function of the heart and its specialized tissues. It discusses how the heart is a muscular pump composed of cardiac muscle tissue. It describes how cardiac muscle forms syncytium connected by intercalated discs that allow electrical signals to spread between cells. It explains that the heart is myogenic, with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node that spontaneously depolarize, initiating an electrical impulse that spreads through pathways to contract the atria and ventricles in a coordinated manner. It outlines the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers in conducting the electrical signal throughout the heart.
ECG
ECG or electrocardiography is the graphical representation of electrical impulses produced by the heart.
The electrical impulses form due to movement of ions in the myocardial cells representing depolarization and repolarization, denotes the conduction pathway of heart, which coincides with cardiac cycle. Apart from normal electrocardiography common arrhythmias are also discussed during this session.
Ecg interpretation
The document defines ECG interpretation and provides details on obtaining an ECG, interpreting the waves and intervals, and determining heart rate and rhythm. An ECG records electrical activity in the heart over multiple beats and is interpreted by healthcare professionals. Key aspects covered include placing electrodes to obtain 12-lead ECGs, defining the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave, and intervals like PR and QT. Methods for calculating heart rate from the RR interval and determining regularity of rhythm are also outlined.
Cardiac Pacemakers - Basics
This document discusses pacemakers, including their components, types, functions, and potential problems. It provides the following key points:
- A pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device that senses irregular or slow heartbeats and sends electrical signals to make the heart beat at a proper pace.
- Common indications for a pacemaker include advanced heart block or symptomatic bradycardia.
- Potential problems include failure to sense or capture heartbeats correctly due to issues like lead displacement or battery failure.
- Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia is a re-entry dysrhythmia that can occur. Applying a magnet over the device can help treat it.
Electrophysiology of heart
This document discusses the electrophysiology of the heart and how cardiovascular drugs can act on heart tissue. It outlines several key properties of cardiac electrophysiology that are important for understanding drug action, including impulse generation, conduction, excitability, and refractory period. Automatic fibers located in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes generate impulses, while nonautomatic fibers cannot. The document also notes that autonomic influences like the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems impact cardiac electrophysiology and contractility, and that many cardiovascular drugs have indirect autonomic effects.
Conduction system of the heart
The conduction system of the heart controls the rate and rhythm of the heart. The sinoatrial node located in the upper right chamber initiates the heartbeat, and the impulse spreads through the atria and reaches the atrioventricular node above the tricuspid valve. The impulse then travels down the bundle of His and through its branches to the Purkinje fibers, which carry the impulse to the ventricles and cause them to contract.
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The ECG is a diagnostic tool that measures electrical currents in the heart during the cardiac cycle using electrodes placed on the body. It provides information about heart rate and rhythm, as well as signs of conditions like myocardial infarction, chamber enlargement, and conduction delays or blocks. Key aspects of the ECG include the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and intervals between them like the PR interval. Abnormal rhythms and conduction patterns seen on ECG can help diagnose conditions affecting the heart's electrical system.
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The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) including:
1) The ECG machine records and prints the electrical activity of the heart on graph paper. Each wave represents a different stage of electrical conduction through the heart.
2) The standard 12-lead ECG places electrodes on the chest and limbs to measure the heart's electrical activity from different angles.
3) The normal P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. Intervals like the PR and QT intervals are also measured.
4) A normal sinus rhythm ECG shows consistent P waves followed by the QRS complex and T
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This document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) including:
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2. It describes the normal conduction pathway in the heart and the components of the ECG waveform.
3. It explains how a 12-lead ECG is recorded using electrodes placed on the limbs and chest to measure voltage differences.
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The electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity. It remains a first-line test for evaluating chest pain and abnormalities. The ECG depicts deflections corresponding to atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Analysis of deflection amplitudes, intervals between deflections, and segments on the ECG trace can provide information on cardiac rhythm, conduction, structure, and function. A standard 12-lead ECG involves limb leads placed on the arms and legs and chest leads placed in predefined positions on the chest to view the heart's electrical activity from multiple angles.
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The document discusses electrical activity of the heart as recorded by an electrocardiogram (ECG). It defines key ECG terminology like waves, intervals, complexes and explains what each part of the ECG represents in terms of electrical activity in the heart. Specific waves like P, QRS, T are described in detail along with common abnormalities. Other concepts covered include heart rate calculation methods, cardiac rhythms and axis determination. The document provides a comprehensive overview of interpreting and understanding ECG readings.
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The document discusses the electrical conduction system of the heart and electrocardiography. It describes:
- The sinoatrial node acts as the heart's natural pacemaker and initiates electrical impulses that travel through pathways to the atrioventricular node.
- The Purkinje fibers form a network that transmits impulses from the ventricles to contract.
- An electrocardiogram detects the heart's electrical signals using electrodes placed on the skin. It displays waves, segments, and intervals that correspond to different stages of the cardiac cycle.
- The P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave represents ventricular repolarization.
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Conductive system of heart
- 1. Assignment Of Exercise Physiology Name : Amina Munawar Roll No. : 15003
- 2. Conductive System Of Heart Cardiac conduction system is a collection of nodes and specialized conduction cells that initiate and co-ordinate contraction of the heart muscle. It consists cof :- 1. Sinoatrial node 2. Atrioventricular node 3. Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his) 4. Purkinje Fibres
- 3. Conduction System Of Heart
- 4. Sinoatrial Node • Serve as pacemaker for the heart. • Located in the upper wall of right atrium at the junction where the superior vena cava enters. • Spontaneous electrical activity in SA node originates and travel across the wall of atrium from SA node to AV node resulting in atrial contraction .
- 5. Atrioventricular Node • Located in floor of right atrium within AV septum near coronary sinus opening . • Electrical impulses from SA node spread across the atria and converge and AV node . • There is a delay of impulses at AV node (Approximately 0.10 seconds) to allow empty of atrial blood into ventricles prior to ventricle contraction. • The wave of excitation then passes from AV node to AV bundle .
- 6. Atrioventricular Bundle • It is a continuation of specialized tissue of AV node. • Serves to transmit electrical impulses from AV node to purkinje fibres of ventricle. • It descends down the membranous part of IV septum before dividing into two main bundles. 1. Right bundle branch – conduct impulses to the purkinje fibres of the right ventricle 2. Left bundle branch – conduct impulses to the purkinje fibres of the left ventricle
- 7. Purkinje Fibres • Network of specialized cells. • Located in the subendocardial surface of the ventricular walls. • Abundent with collagen, have extensive gap junctions . • Transmit impulses from AV bundle to Myocardium of the ventricle. • Rapid conduction allow co-ordinated ventricular contraction and blood is moved from right and left ventricle to pulmonary artery and aorta.
- 8. ECG Interpretations • ECG stands for electrocardiogram. It is non invasive procedure that shows electrical activity of heart in the form of graph it provides information about the condition of heart. • ECG interpretation includes an assessment of appearance of the waves and intervals of the ECG curves. Therefore ECG interpretation requires a structured assessment of the waves and intervals.
- 10. Relationship between the hearts electrical events and the recording of ECG
- 11. Major waves of ECG P Wave • P wave reflects atrial depolarization. • P wave after QRS complex or inverted P wave indicate its origin from other source. QRS Complex • Represents depolarization of ventricle. • Duration 0.08-0.10 seconds not more then 0.12 seconds.
- 12. T Wave • Reflects rapid repolarization of ventricle • Maybe tall in athletes U Wave • U wave is seen occasionally it is a positive wave occurring after the T Wave. • Individuals with prominent T Waves as well as those with slow heart rates display U Waves more often.
- 13. ECG Intervals PR Intervals • It is the distance between the onset of P Wave to the onset of the QRS complex • It is assessed in order to determine whether impulse conduction from atria to ventricle is normal. RR Interval • It represents amount of time between heart beats. • Thus RR interval is heart rate dependent.
- 14. ECG Segments PR Segment • It is a flat line between the end of P wave and the onset of QRS complex. • It reflects slow impulse conduction through the AV Node. J Point • J point is the point where the ST segment starts ST Segment • It is segment between the J point and beginning of T wave .
- 15. • ST Segment relects plateau phase of action potential. • There are two types ST segment deviations. • ST Segment Elevation – implies that the ST Segment is displaced such that it is above the level of PR Segment • ST Segment Depression – implies that ST Segment is displaced such that It is below the level of PR Segment .