This document summarizes a study on the shear strength of plate girders. It proposes new design rules that utilize the post-buckling strength offered by transverse web stiffeners. An equation is developed to calculate the ultimate shear force as a function of stiffener spacing, girder depth, web thickness, material yield strength and modulus of elasticity. The equation accounts for both beam shear and a possible tension field that can develop in the web after buckling. The approach is validated through ultimate load tests.
This document summarizes the design of pipe support structures for structural engineers. It discusses loads on the structures from pipe expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Frictional forces between pipes and supports are small compared to expansion forces. Stability bracing is required to prevent structural instability. Key details include avoiding oversized holes, providing expansion joints over 500 feet, and bracing T-supports in both axes by connecting flanges.
This document discusses different types of piles and their structural characteristics, including steel piles, concrete piles, timber piles, and composite piles. It describes methods of estimating pile length and capacity, including point bearing and friction piles. Equations are provided for estimating the ultimate load-carrying capacity of a pile from its point bearing capacity and frictional resistance. Methods are presented for calculating the point bearing capacity using approaches by Meyerhof, Vesic, and Janbu. The document also discusses estimating the frictional resistance of piles in sand and clay, including the lambda method for clay.
Concrete cloth is a flexible fabric impregnated with dry concrete mix. It hardens when hydrated with water to form a durable and waterproof concrete layer. Some key advantages are that it is faster and easier to install than traditional concrete, can be cut and shaped easily before setting, and is flexible. Applications include ditch lining, slope protection, pipeline coating, and reinforcement of sandbags. It is seeing increasing use in construction and emergency situations due to its versatility.
Concrete cloth is a cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable concrete layer. It has several advantages over conventional concrete such as being flexible, strong, fireproof, waterproof and durable while also being rapid, easy to use and environmentally friendly to install. The document outlines the material properties, methods of hydration and fixing, applications, advantages and limitations of concrete cloth for uses in civil engineering such as bund lining, slope protection, pipeline protection and ditch lining.
This document discusses concrete cloth, a flexible concrete material that comes in rolls. It has several properties including flexibility, durability, and fire resistance. The document outlines the methodology for using concrete cloth, which involves overlapping rolls, placing a water resistant layer on the bottom, and cutting as needed. It then discusses applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering such as for ditch lining, slope protection, and pipeline protection. Military uses are also mentioned such as for force protection, structure upgrades, and expedient resurfacing. In conclusion, the document states that concrete cloth is improving construction and management by changing perceptions of concrete.
This document discusses concrete cloth, a flexible concrete-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated. It was developed by a British engineering company to provide a rapidly deployable emergency shelter. When hydrated, concrete cloth forms a thin, durable, waterproof and fire-resistant concrete layer. It has a variety of uses in construction and infrastructure projects due to its strength, flexibility, and ease of installation. Concrete cloth can be cut, joined, painted, and installed using common tools and techniques.
Concrete Canvas is a flexible concrete impregnated fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin, durable water proof and fire-resistant concrete layer. Essentially, it’s concrete on a roll.
This document summarizes a study on the shear strength of plate girders. It proposes new design rules that utilize the post-buckling strength offered by transverse web stiffeners. An equation is developed to calculate the ultimate shear force as a function of stiffener spacing, girder depth, web thickness, material yield strength and modulus of elasticity. The equation accounts for both beam shear and a possible tension field that can develop in the web after buckling. The approach is validated through ultimate load tests.
This document summarizes the design of pipe support structures for structural engineers. It discusses loads on the structures from pipe expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Frictional forces between pipes and supports are small compared to expansion forces. Stability bracing is required to prevent structural instability. Key details include avoiding oversized holes, providing expansion joints over 500 feet, and bracing T-supports in both axes by connecting flanges.
This document discusses different types of piles and their structural characteristics, including steel piles, concrete piles, timber piles, and composite piles. It describes methods of estimating pile length and capacity, including point bearing and friction piles. Equations are provided for estimating the ultimate load-carrying capacity of a pile from its point bearing capacity and frictional resistance. Methods are presented for calculating the point bearing capacity using approaches by Meyerhof, Vesic, and Janbu. The document also discusses estimating the frictional resistance of piles in sand and clay, including the lambda method for clay.
Concrete cloth is a flexible fabric impregnated with dry concrete mix. It hardens when hydrated with water to form a durable and waterproof concrete layer. Some key advantages are that it is faster and easier to install than traditional concrete, can be cut and shaped easily before setting, and is flexible. Applications include ditch lining, slope protection, pipeline coating, and reinforcement of sandbags. It is seeing increasing use in construction and emergency situations due to its versatility.
Concrete cloth is a cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable concrete layer. It has several advantages over conventional concrete such as being flexible, strong, fireproof, waterproof and durable while also being rapid, easy to use and environmentally friendly to install. The document outlines the material properties, methods of hydration and fixing, applications, advantages and limitations of concrete cloth for uses in civil engineering such as bund lining, slope protection, pipeline protection and ditch lining.
This document discusses concrete cloth, a flexible concrete material that comes in rolls. It has several properties including flexibility, durability, and fire resistance. The document outlines the methodology for using concrete cloth, which involves overlapping rolls, placing a water resistant layer on the bottom, and cutting as needed. It then discusses applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering such as for ditch lining, slope protection, and pipeline protection. Military uses are also mentioned such as for force protection, structure upgrades, and expedient resurfacing. In conclusion, the document states that concrete cloth is improving construction and management by changing perceptions of concrete.
This document discusses concrete cloth, a flexible concrete-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated. It was developed by a British engineering company to provide a rapidly deployable emergency shelter. When hydrated, concrete cloth forms a thin, durable, waterproof and fire-resistant concrete layer. It has a variety of uses in construction and infrastructure projects due to its strength, flexibility, and ease of installation. Concrete cloth can be cut, joined, painted, and installed using common tools and techniques.
Concrete Canvas is a flexible concrete impregnated fabric that hardens on hydration to form a thin, durable water proof and fire-resistant concrete layer. Essentially, it’s concrete on a roll.
Concrete cloth has very high early strength and can withstand imposed loads from vehicles weighing up to 160kN. Testing showed it had a 10-day compressive failure stress of 40MPa, compressive Young's modulus of 1500MPa, bending failure stress of 3.4MPa, and bending Young's modulus of 180MPa. Concrete cloth can be used for mining blast structures, bund lining, and dust suppression systems under helicopter pads.
This document discusses the applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering. Concrete cloth is a flexible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable concrete layer. It combines the flexibility of geo textile fabrics with the durability of hardened concrete. The document outlines the material properties and manufacturing process of concrete cloth. It then describes various applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering projects, such as for ditch lining, slope protection, pipeline protection, and as shelter material. The advantages of concrete cloth include rapid deployment, ease of use, flexibility, strength and waterproof properties.
CONCRETE CLOTH ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING FIELD(OMKAR 976...omkar shelar
This presentation discusses concrete cloth, its uses, properties, and application in civil engineering. Concrete cloth is a flexible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable layer. It has various advantages such as being rapid to install, flexible, strong, fireproof, waterproof and durable. Common applications of concrete cloth include bund lining, slope protection, pipeline protection, ground resurfacing, and mining applications. The presentation provides details on concrete cloth types, material properties like strength and abrasion resistance, methods of hydration and fixing, and concludes that it is a time-saving technique that is easy to place and handle.
The document discusses various natural building techniques including strawbale mud domes, timber framing, cordwood masonry, dry stack stone, earthbag construction, super adobe, and using recycled materials like tires and bottles in construction. It also mentions the importance of allowing clay to dry completely before the first frost and celebrating milestones during the building process.
Historical and Geographical Places in IndiaSanjay Crúzé
Historic preservation seeks to preserve, conserve, and protect buildings, objects, landscapes, and other artifacts that are historically significant. It refers specifically to preserving the built environment. The terms "heritage conservation" and "heritage preservation" are more commonly used in the UK instead of "historic preservation". Heritage conservation involves ongoing management and protection of historic places to maintain their heritage values for future generations through activities like maintenance, repairs, and compatible uses. Historic places should be protected and conserved to preserve their cultural, historical, economic, aesthetic, scientific, and environmental value as well as to provide links to the past, tourism opportunities, environmental sustainability, and attractive communities.
This document provides an overview of the lifecycle of Styrofoam, from its production using chemicals like benzene and styrene, to its various uses in packaging, building insulation, and crafts. It discusses the potential health impacts on factory workers from chemical exposure and notes that styrene has been found in human fatty tissues and breast milk. The document also examines the environmental impacts of Styrofoam waste in landfills and the transportation required for its widespread distribution. Alternatives to Styrofoam are mentioned as well.
The document outlines a Design Crimes Task Force hosted by Milliken on May 26th, 2011. It lists Chief Superintendent Max Fraser as the leader and names four Special Constables part of the task force: Laura Jordan-Bambach, Steve Price, Vicky Richardson, and Thorsten van Elten. The document also mentions that it is an opportunity for people to vote on design crimes.
Stormw and Sanitary Trenchless RehabilitationSteve Neschleba
Highly engineered polymer that can be cast inside of an existing large diameter storm/sanitary sewer. This is an innovative structural repair system from Milliken Infrastructure. For more info please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com
The document discusses choosing solutions for repairing deteriorated culverts. It provides a 10-point scale for assessing culvert condition, from new (9) to failed (0). For corrugated metal pipes, it offers solutions like Concrete Cloth and GeoSpray products to address issues like scour, deformations, cracks, and erosion. For concrete pipes, it suggests solutions like RenewWrap and geopolymers to remedy problems with alignment, joints, and concrete deterioration. The guide aims to help professionals select appropriate repair methods from Milliken Infrastructure based on a culvert's rating and problems.
Structural Lining System from Milliken InfrastructureSteve Neschleba
No need to replace with Milliken Infrastructure. Our Geospray system can be centrifugally cast into any large diameter storm and sanitary sewer system (can also be hand sprayed for unique shapes and bends) - please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com for more info or if you would like a lunch presentation at your office.
This document describes GeoSpray, a geopolymer mortar system for repairing sewer and storm water pipes without excavation. It offers advantages over traditional cement and styrene-based repair methods by using industrial waste materials, reducing environmental disruption, and lowering CO2 emissions. The GeoSpray system has been used to rehabilitate over 150 structures totaling more than 30,000 linear feet. It allows a new pipe to be reconstructed within an existing pipe on-site using a spray application, improving strength and flow.
1) The document discusses various aspects of a construction contract such as tender documents, tender process, acceptance of tenders, contract documents, conditions of contract, and termination of contract.
2) Key elements of tender documents are the notice inviting tenders, tender forms, schedules, specifications, drawings, conditions of contract, and other required information. The tender process involves opening and scrutinizing tenders, preparing a comparative statement, and accepting the tender.
3) The contract documents formalize the agreement between the owner and contractor and include details of the work, estimated cost, security deposit, completion period, specifications, drawings, conditions of contract and signatures of both parties. The contract lays out terms for execution,
Earth bag construction presentation-ilonkamarselis_11.6.2015ilonka marselis
A presentation on earth-bag construction along the lines of a practical workshop on building an earth-bag dome. This presentation includes some theoretical information on earth-bag building, some example projects, and guides you step by step through the process of building, plastering and painting an earthbag doem
Ever seeking shortcuts to running your RFP? We've pulled together the TOP 10 TIPS for writing tenders & RFPs. Because tendering can be complex and often time-consuming, we've condensed down what you need to know in order to run a perfect procurement process. After reading this short set of slides, you'll be well on your way to securing savings from your tender!
Do not let tendering get the better of you! Flick through these slides for a quick summary of how to get the best negotiation tips for your tender process. This will effectively answer for you: "how to write a tender document".
Feel free to share this presentation if you find it useful, and subscribe on our website for more information about tendering.
Concrete Cloth provides protection of culvert inverts by fastening the material to areas experiencing abrasion. It forms a new wearing surface and can prevent further damage. While Concrete Cloth extends the life of drainage structures, regular inspections are still needed. Pipes should be cleaned prior to installation, and minor repairs may be required. Concrete Cloth uses a cement composition making it durable, with abrasion resistance similar to or greater than concrete. Its fiber reinforcement prevents it from disintegrating like concrete during wear. Proper thickness should be selected based on the abrasion environment and a 25-year design life is estimated.
The document summarizes the history of modern glass architecture from the 19th century to the present. It describes early examples of glass architecture in Germany in the 19th century driven by exoticism, romanticism, and a display of wealth. Major developments included the increased use of iron frames, as well as larger glass structures like greenhouses and palm houses. In the 20th century, architects like Bruno Taut and Walter Gropius further advanced glass architecture styles like expressionism and functionalism. Recent glass buildings emphasize lightness and transparency through advanced construction techniques.
This document discusses ways to reduce energy usage from lighting in buildings through green practices. It recommends using natural daylight whenever possible through proper window and skylight design. When artificial lights are needed, the right amount and type of lighting should be used based on the task. Different lighting technologies like LEDs and fluorescents are more efficient than incandescent bulbs. Automatic controls can further reduce energy by turning lights off when not needed or adjusting output based on daylight.
The document discusses the potential for geopolymer concrete to reduce CO2 emissions from the concrete industry. Geopolymer concrete is made from industrial byproducts like fly ash rather than Portland cement, and can offer benefits like higher strength, fire resistance, and durability while reducing CO2 by up to 90% compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. The document outlines the production process of geopolymer concrete and its advantages over traditional concrete, as well as opportunities for its future use in infrastructure projects.
The document discusses the tender process for construction projects. It involves project definition, selecting tenderers, issuing tender documentation, criteria for selection, calling for tenders, tender meetings, amendments, submission and closing, tender analysis of work experience, price, company finances and personnel, ongoing projects, and conformity to conditions. Selection criteria include conformity, capability, innovation, price and construction period. Tenders can be rejected for noncompliance, incomplete details, too high or low prices, too much work in progress, insufficient finances, or unsatisfactory records.
* The group pile consists of 3x4 piles in layered saturated clay
* The piles are square, 14 in. x 14 in.
* Center-to-center spacing is 35 in
* Groundwater table coincides with ground surface
* To calculate consolidation settlement:
1) Use 2:1 method to determine average stress increment in each clay layer
2) Calculate settlement in each layer using consolidation theory
3) Sum settlements in all layers
I do not have enough information provided to calculate the actual settlement values. The process involves breaking down each clay layer, determining average stress increase, and using consolidation theory equations which require soil properties that are not given.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete columns. It provides formulas to calculate the nominal capacity of concentrically loaded columns based on steel ratio and material strengths. Minimum and maximum steel ratios of 1-8% are recommended, with a reasonable range of 1-3%. Clear cover requirements of 40-75mm are outlined depending on soil contact. Tie design considerations include bar diameter, shape, and longitudinal spacing. Spiral reinforcement provides increased ductility and the document discusses formulas for calculating confined concrete strength based on spiral ratio and properties. Minimum spiral ratios and pitch requirements are also provided.
Concrete cloth has very high early strength and can withstand imposed loads from vehicles weighing up to 160kN. Testing showed it had a 10-day compressive failure stress of 40MPa, compressive Young's modulus of 1500MPa, bending failure stress of 3.4MPa, and bending Young's modulus of 180MPa. Concrete cloth can be used for mining blast structures, bund lining, and dust suppression systems under helicopter pads.
This document discusses the applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering. Concrete cloth is a flexible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable concrete layer. It combines the flexibility of geo textile fabrics with the durability of hardened concrete. The document outlines the material properties and manufacturing process of concrete cloth. It then describes various applications of concrete cloth in civil engineering projects, such as for ditch lining, slope protection, pipeline protection, and as shelter material. The advantages of concrete cloth include rapid deployment, ease of use, flexibility, strength and waterproof properties.
CONCRETE CLOTH ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING FIELD(OMKAR 976...omkar shelar
This presentation discusses concrete cloth, its uses, properties, and application in civil engineering. Concrete cloth is a flexible cement-impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin, durable layer. It has various advantages such as being rapid to install, flexible, strong, fireproof, waterproof and durable. Common applications of concrete cloth include bund lining, slope protection, pipeline protection, ground resurfacing, and mining applications. The presentation provides details on concrete cloth types, material properties like strength and abrasion resistance, methods of hydration and fixing, and concludes that it is a time-saving technique that is easy to place and handle.
The document discusses various natural building techniques including strawbale mud domes, timber framing, cordwood masonry, dry stack stone, earthbag construction, super adobe, and using recycled materials like tires and bottles in construction. It also mentions the importance of allowing clay to dry completely before the first frost and celebrating milestones during the building process.
Historical and Geographical Places in IndiaSanjay Crúzé
Historic preservation seeks to preserve, conserve, and protect buildings, objects, landscapes, and other artifacts that are historically significant. It refers specifically to preserving the built environment. The terms "heritage conservation" and "heritage preservation" are more commonly used in the UK instead of "historic preservation". Heritage conservation involves ongoing management and protection of historic places to maintain their heritage values for future generations through activities like maintenance, repairs, and compatible uses. Historic places should be protected and conserved to preserve their cultural, historical, economic, aesthetic, scientific, and environmental value as well as to provide links to the past, tourism opportunities, environmental sustainability, and attractive communities.
This document provides an overview of the lifecycle of Styrofoam, from its production using chemicals like benzene and styrene, to its various uses in packaging, building insulation, and crafts. It discusses the potential health impacts on factory workers from chemical exposure and notes that styrene has been found in human fatty tissues and breast milk. The document also examines the environmental impacts of Styrofoam waste in landfills and the transportation required for its widespread distribution. Alternatives to Styrofoam are mentioned as well.
The document outlines a Design Crimes Task Force hosted by Milliken on May 26th, 2011. It lists Chief Superintendent Max Fraser as the leader and names four Special Constables part of the task force: Laura Jordan-Bambach, Steve Price, Vicky Richardson, and Thorsten van Elten. The document also mentions that it is an opportunity for people to vote on design crimes.
Stormw and Sanitary Trenchless RehabilitationSteve Neschleba
Highly engineered polymer that can be cast inside of an existing large diameter storm/sanitary sewer. This is an innovative structural repair system from Milliken Infrastructure. For more info please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com
The document discusses choosing solutions for repairing deteriorated culverts. It provides a 10-point scale for assessing culvert condition, from new (9) to failed (0). For corrugated metal pipes, it offers solutions like Concrete Cloth and GeoSpray products to address issues like scour, deformations, cracks, and erosion. For concrete pipes, it suggests solutions like RenewWrap and geopolymers to remedy problems with alignment, joints, and concrete deterioration. The guide aims to help professionals select appropriate repair methods from Milliken Infrastructure based on a culvert's rating and problems.
Structural Lining System from Milliken InfrastructureSteve Neschleba
No need to replace with Milliken Infrastructure. Our Geospray system can be centrifugally cast into any large diameter storm and sanitary sewer system (can also be hand sprayed for unique shapes and bends) - please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com for more info or if you would like a lunch presentation at your office.
This document describes GeoSpray, a geopolymer mortar system for repairing sewer and storm water pipes without excavation. It offers advantages over traditional cement and styrene-based repair methods by using industrial waste materials, reducing environmental disruption, and lowering CO2 emissions. The GeoSpray system has been used to rehabilitate over 150 structures totaling more than 30,000 linear feet. It allows a new pipe to be reconstructed within an existing pipe on-site using a spray application, improving strength and flow.
1) The document discusses various aspects of a construction contract such as tender documents, tender process, acceptance of tenders, contract documents, conditions of contract, and termination of contract.
2) Key elements of tender documents are the notice inviting tenders, tender forms, schedules, specifications, drawings, conditions of contract, and other required information. The tender process involves opening and scrutinizing tenders, preparing a comparative statement, and accepting the tender.
3) The contract documents formalize the agreement between the owner and contractor and include details of the work, estimated cost, security deposit, completion period, specifications, drawings, conditions of contract and signatures of both parties. The contract lays out terms for execution,
Earth bag construction presentation-ilonkamarselis_11.6.2015ilonka marselis
A presentation on earth-bag construction along the lines of a practical workshop on building an earth-bag dome. This presentation includes some theoretical information on earth-bag building, some example projects, and guides you step by step through the process of building, plastering and painting an earthbag doem
Ever seeking shortcuts to running your RFP? We've pulled together the TOP 10 TIPS for writing tenders & RFPs. Because tendering can be complex and often time-consuming, we've condensed down what you need to know in order to run a perfect procurement process. After reading this short set of slides, you'll be well on your way to securing savings from your tender!
Do not let tendering get the better of you! Flick through these slides for a quick summary of how to get the best negotiation tips for your tender process. This will effectively answer for you: "how to write a tender document".
Feel free to share this presentation if you find it useful, and subscribe on our website for more information about tendering.
Concrete Cloth provides protection of culvert inverts by fastening the material to areas experiencing abrasion. It forms a new wearing surface and can prevent further damage. While Concrete Cloth extends the life of drainage structures, regular inspections are still needed. Pipes should be cleaned prior to installation, and minor repairs may be required. Concrete Cloth uses a cement composition making it durable, with abrasion resistance similar to or greater than concrete. Its fiber reinforcement prevents it from disintegrating like concrete during wear. Proper thickness should be selected based on the abrasion environment and a 25-year design life is estimated.
The document summarizes the history of modern glass architecture from the 19th century to the present. It describes early examples of glass architecture in Germany in the 19th century driven by exoticism, romanticism, and a display of wealth. Major developments included the increased use of iron frames, as well as larger glass structures like greenhouses and palm houses. In the 20th century, architects like Bruno Taut and Walter Gropius further advanced glass architecture styles like expressionism and functionalism. Recent glass buildings emphasize lightness and transparency through advanced construction techniques.
This document discusses ways to reduce energy usage from lighting in buildings through green practices. It recommends using natural daylight whenever possible through proper window and skylight design. When artificial lights are needed, the right amount and type of lighting should be used based on the task. Different lighting technologies like LEDs and fluorescents are more efficient than incandescent bulbs. Automatic controls can further reduce energy by turning lights off when not needed or adjusting output based on daylight.
The document discusses the potential for geopolymer concrete to reduce CO2 emissions from the concrete industry. Geopolymer concrete is made from industrial byproducts like fly ash rather than Portland cement, and can offer benefits like higher strength, fire resistance, and durability while reducing CO2 by up to 90% compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. The document outlines the production process of geopolymer concrete and its advantages over traditional concrete, as well as opportunities for its future use in infrastructure projects.
The document discusses the tender process for construction projects. It involves project definition, selecting tenderers, issuing tender documentation, criteria for selection, calling for tenders, tender meetings, amendments, submission and closing, tender analysis of work experience, price, company finances and personnel, ongoing projects, and conformity to conditions. Selection criteria include conformity, capability, innovation, price and construction period. Tenders can be rejected for noncompliance, incomplete details, too high or low prices, too much work in progress, insufficient finances, or unsatisfactory records.
* The group pile consists of 3x4 piles in layered saturated clay
* The piles are square, 14 in. x 14 in.
* Center-to-center spacing is 35 in
* Groundwater table coincides with ground surface
* To calculate consolidation settlement:
1) Use 2:1 method to determine average stress increment in each clay layer
2) Calculate settlement in each layer using consolidation theory
3) Sum settlements in all layers
I do not have enough information provided to calculate the actual settlement values. The process involves breaking down each clay layer, determining average stress increase, and using consolidation theory equations which require soil properties that are not given.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete columns. It provides formulas to calculate the nominal capacity of concentrically loaded columns based on steel ratio and material strengths. Minimum and maximum steel ratios of 1-8% are recommended, with a reasonable range of 1-3%. Clear cover requirements of 40-75mm are outlined depending on soil contact. Tie design considerations include bar diameter, shape, and longitudinal spacing. Spiral reinforcement provides increased ductility and the document discusses formulas for calculating confined concrete strength based on spiral ratio and properties. Minimum spiral ratios and pitch requirements are also provided.
This document summarizes an experimental study on using swimmer bars as shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete deep beams compared to vertical stirrups. Deep beams are defined as having a shear span to depth ratio of less than or equal to 2. Four different shear reinforcement patterns were tested: vertical stirrups (control), single swimmer bars, rectangular shaped swimmer bars, and rectangular shaped swimmer bars with cross bracings. Test results showed that beams with single swimmer bars had the highest failure load, increasing flexural strength by about 22% compared to the control beam. Beams with rectangular swimmer bars also increased strength but by a lesser amount. Crack patterns were diagonal shear cracks in all beams.
The document discusses proposed changes to the design parameters of the lower dam for the 1000 MW Tugra Pumped Storage Project in West Bengal. Key changes include shifting the dam axis 30m upstream to avoid impacting religious sites, increasing the dam height from 64m to 74m, adjusting the spillway from 5 bays of 15m width to 9 bays of 7.75m width, and replacing the trajectory bucket energy dissipator with a stilling basin. The area-capacity curve and freeboard were recalculated based on updated topographical surveys. Three spillway relocation options were considered to further protect a sacred banyan tree.
A pile cap is a reinforced concrete slab that connects a group of piles and transfers load from structures like walls or columns to the piles. It is designed to distribute load equally to the piles. This document discusses design considerations for pile caps including shape, depth, reinforcement, assumptions in design, and design methods. Pile caps can be designed using truss theory for closely spaced piles or beam theory for piles spaced further apart. Reinforcement is proportioned to resist bending moments, shear forces, and prevent bursting. Pile cap size depends on pile diameter and spacing to accommodate piles within a tolerance.
A pile cap is a reinforced concrete slab that connects a group of piles and transfers load from structures like walls or columns to the piles. It is designed to distribute load equally to the piles. This document discusses design considerations for pile caps including shape, depth, reinforcement, assumptions in design, and design methods. Pile caps can be designed using truss theory for closely spaced piles or beam theory for piles spaced further apart. Reinforcement is proportioned to resist bending moments, shear forces, and prevent bursting. Pile cap size depends on pile diameter and spacing to accommodate piles within a tolerance.
A reinforced concrete slab or block which interconnects a group of piles and acts
as a medium to transmit the load from wall or column to the Piles is called a Pile
Cap. The Pile cap should normally be rigid so as to distribute the forces equally on
the piles of a group. In general it is designed like a footing on soil but with the
difference that instead of uniform reaction from the soil, the reactions in this case
are concentrated either point loads or distributed.
Pile cap two pile laod 50 t desigh and drawingRAJESH JAIN
A pile cap is a reinforced concrete structure that interconnects a group of piles and transfers loads from columns or walls to the piles. It is designed to distribute forces equally to the piles. Pile caps are designed using truss theory for closely spaced piles or beam theory for widely spaced piles. Key aspects of pile cap design include ensuring adequate size, depth, reinforcement, and structural strength to resist bending moments, shear forces, and punching shear from supported loads. Pile cap design involves checking capacities of individual piles and reinforcement requirements to achieve strength and serviceability limits stated in design codes.
A pile cap is a reinforced concrete slab that connects a group of piles and transfers load from structures like walls or columns to the piles. It is designed to distribute load equally to the piles. This document discusses design considerations for pile caps including shape, depth, reinforcement, assumptions in design, and design methods. Pile caps can be designed using truss theory for closely spaced piles or beam theory for piles spaced further apart. Reinforcement is proportioned to resist bending moments, shear forces, and prevent bursting. Pile cap size depends on pile diameter and spacing to accommodate piles within a tolerance.
1 seismic behaviors of columns in ordinary and intermediate moment resisting ...sharif tanvir
The document summarizes a study that investigated the seismic behavior of columns in ordinary moment resisting concrete frames (OMRCF) and intermediate moment resisting concrete frames (IMRCF). Eight column specimens were tested under various loading conditions to evaluate factors like axial load type, existence of lap splices, and frame type. The test results showed that the column specimens had strengths and drift capacities greater than code requirements, though capacities varied depending on lap splices and transverse reinforcement spacing.
This document discusses the design of pillars in underground coal mining. It notes that pillar failure can be either gradual or sudden, with sudden failures causing disasters. Statutory guidelines for pillar dimensions are provided but have limitations as mine depths increase. The author proposes modifications to the standard formula for calculating rock load on pillars to account for dynamic loads during pillar extraction, with a dynamic load factor. Two common formulas for estimating pillar strength are examined, with the author noting limitations and suggesting greater consideration of pillar width in the calculations. Overall, the author aims to provide a more scientifically-based approach to pillar design for stability during formation and extraction.
This document discusses the design of pillars in underground coal mining. It notes that pillar failure can be either gradual or sudden, with sudden failures causing disasters. Statutory guidelines for pillar dimensions are provided but have limitations as mine depths increase. The author proposes modifications to the standard formula for calculating rock load on pillars to account for dynamic loads during pillar extraction, with a dynamic load factor. Two common formulas for estimating pillar strength are examined, with the author noting limitations and making suggestions to better account for depth and pillar width factors. Overall, the author aims to provide a more scientifically-based approach to pillar design for stability during formation and extraction.
Prsesntation on Commercial building ProjectMD AFROZ ALAM
The document describes the trainee's weekly activities during an industrial training at a construction company. Over 8 weeks, the trainee learned about:
1. Layout plans, column reinforcement, beams, and slab details.
2. Reinforcement techniques like lap joints, development lengths, and tie placement.
3. Radiant cooling pipes installed under slabs to provide cooling without AC units.
4. Construction of shear walls, columns, beams and slabs.
5. Block laying for boundary walls using aerated concrete blocks joined with special mortar.
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
Beam-column joints in reinforced concrete buildings must resist significant forces during earthquakes to avoid damage. These joints are vulnerable because the materials have limited strength. Closely spaced steel ties around the column bars in the joint region help control cracking and crushing of concrete by holding the joint together under forces. Sufficient column size and anchoring of beam bars into the column also improve the joint's ability to resist forces by providing better grip of the concrete on the steel reinforcement. Damage to beam-column joints during past earthquakes highlights their importance in earthquake-resistant design.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
6. The general pullout strength of percussion anchors in the fields:
A) TLA -2 ( 400 lbs peak) and average around 250-300 lbs
B) TLA-3 ( 600 lbs peak) and average around 300 -400 lbs
*however we notice that the anchors still had a slight movement
during the load measurements which means over time the loads could
potentially decrease
Determining anchor pullout in field
7. Percussion anchor spacing
Given the field pullout information, we recommendedusing the TLA-3
anchors and not the previous suggested TLA -2 and changing the
anchor spacing from 6 foot intervals to 5 foot intervals on all overlaps
and offset center panel anchors from 3 ft. to 2.5 ft. That equates to 2
anchor for every 17.5 sq.ft. (or 1 anchor for every 8.75 sq.ft.) of
surface area plus additional anchors in the anchor trench (top and
bottom at every overlap). The original spacing equated to 2 anchor
for every 21 sq.ft. of surface area (or 1 anchor for every 10.5 sq.ft.).
The recommend minimum anchor depth completely installed after
loading is 5 ft. depth to ensure long term load capacity.