The document discusses choosing solutions for repairing deteriorated culverts. It provides a 10-point scale for assessing culvert condition, from new (9) to failed (0). For corrugated metal pipes, it offers solutions like Concrete Cloth and GeoSpray products to address issues like scour, deformations, cracks, and erosion. For concrete pipes, it suggests solutions like RenewWrap and geopolymers to remedy problems with alignment, joints, and concrete deterioration. The guide aims to help professionals select appropriate repair methods from Milliken Infrastructure based on a culvert's rating and problems.
Brick veneer walls are constructed of a single wythe of brick attached to wood or steel framing with metal ties. An air space behind the brick allows water to drain through weep holes located at the base of the wall. Flashing is installed to prevent water from entering the wall cavity. A home inspector checks for signs of separation between the brick veneer and framing, blocked weep holes, and cracking or deterioration of the brick and mortar.
This document discusses a 39-year-old patient's dental health and silver fillings. X-rays showed no decay on the patient's 3 silver fillings, though slight openings were seen at the edges. However, upon removal, decay was found underneath the fillings in all three teeth, with one tooth fractured through the base. The document warns that silver mercury fillings can cause decay underneath and stress fractures over time, compromising tooth structure, and recommends replacing fillings before symptoms occur to maintain long-term dental health.
The document provides descriptions and definitions of various construction materials, methods, and equipment. It includes explanations of different types of windows, roofs, walls, foundations, insulation methods, and other building components. Photos accompany the text to illustrate concepts like brick laying patterns, window types, roof features, and more. Definitions are provided for technical terms to concisely explain building science topics.
This document describes GeoSpray, a geopolymer mortar system for repairing sewer and storm water pipes without excavation. It offers advantages over traditional cement and styrene-based repair methods by using industrial waste materials, reducing environmental disruption, and lowering CO2 emissions. The GeoSpray system has been used to rehabilitate over 150 structures totaling more than 30,000 linear feet. It allows a new pipe to be reconstructed within an existing pipe on-site using a spray application, improving strength and flow.
The document outlines a Design Crimes Task Force hosted by Milliken on May 26th, 2011. It lists Chief Superintendent Max Fraser as the leader and names four Special Constables part of the task force: Laura Jordan-Bambach, Steve Price, Vicky Richardson, and Thorsten van Elten. The document also mentions that it is an opportunity for people to vote on design crimes.
Stormw and Sanitary Trenchless RehabilitationSteve Neschleba
Highly engineered polymer that can be cast inside of an existing large diameter storm/sanitary sewer. This is an innovative structural repair system from Milliken Infrastructure. For more info please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com
Structural Lining System from Milliken InfrastructureSteve Neschleba
No need to replace with Milliken Infrastructure. Our Geospray system can be centrifugally cast into any large diameter storm and sanitary sewer system (can also be hand sprayed for unique shapes and bends) - please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com for more info or if you would like a lunch presentation at your office.
Concrete Cloth provides protection of culvert inverts by fastening the material to areas experiencing abrasion. It forms a new wearing surface and can prevent further damage. While Concrete Cloth extends the life of drainage structures, regular inspections are still needed. Pipes should be cleaned prior to installation, and minor repairs may be required. Concrete Cloth uses a cement composition making it durable, with abrasion resistance similar to or greater than concrete. Its fiber reinforcement prevents it from disintegrating like concrete during wear. Proper thickness should be selected based on the abrasion environment and a 25-year design life is estimated.
Brick veneer walls are constructed of a single wythe of brick attached to wood or steel framing with metal ties. An air space behind the brick allows water to drain through weep holes located at the base of the wall. Flashing is installed to prevent water from entering the wall cavity. A home inspector checks for signs of separation between the brick veneer and framing, blocked weep holes, and cracking or deterioration of the brick and mortar.
This document discusses a 39-year-old patient's dental health and silver fillings. X-rays showed no decay on the patient's 3 silver fillings, though slight openings were seen at the edges. However, upon removal, decay was found underneath the fillings in all three teeth, with one tooth fractured through the base. The document warns that silver mercury fillings can cause decay underneath and stress fractures over time, compromising tooth structure, and recommends replacing fillings before symptoms occur to maintain long-term dental health.
The document provides descriptions and definitions of various construction materials, methods, and equipment. It includes explanations of different types of windows, roofs, walls, foundations, insulation methods, and other building components. Photos accompany the text to illustrate concepts like brick laying patterns, window types, roof features, and more. Definitions are provided for technical terms to concisely explain building science topics.
This document describes GeoSpray, a geopolymer mortar system for repairing sewer and storm water pipes without excavation. It offers advantages over traditional cement and styrene-based repair methods by using industrial waste materials, reducing environmental disruption, and lowering CO2 emissions. The GeoSpray system has been used to rehabilitate over 150 structures totaling more than 30,000 linear feet. It allows a new pipe to be reconstructed within an existing pipe on-site using a spray application, improving strength and flow.
The document outlines a Design Crimes Task Force hosted by Milliken on May 26th, 2011. It lists Chief Superintendent Max Fraser as the leader and names four Special Constables part of the task force: Laura Jordan-Bambach, Steve Price, Vicky Richardson, and Thorsten van Elten. The document also mentions that it is an opportunity for people to vote on design crimes.
Stormw and Sanitary Trenchless RehabilitationSteve Neschleba
Highly engineered polymer that can be cast inside of an existing large diameter storm/sanitary sewer. This is an innovative structural repair system from Milliken Infrastructure. For more info please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com
Structural Lining System from Milliken InfrastructureSteve Neschleba
No need to replace with Milliken Infrastructure. Our Geospray system can be centrifugally cast into any large diameter storm and sanitary sewer system (can also be hand sprayed for unique shapes and bends) - please email steve.neschleba@milliken.com for more info or if you would like a lunch presentation at your office.
Concrete Cloth provides protection of culvert inverts by fastening the material to areas experiencing abrasion. It forms a new wearing surface and can prevent further damage. While Concrete Cloth extends the life of drainage structures, regular inspections are still needed. Pipes should be cleaned prior to installation, and minor repairs may be required. Concrete Cloth uses a cement composition making it durable, with abrasion resistance similar to or greater than concrete. Its fiber reinforcement prevents it from disintegrating like concrete during wear. Proper thickness should be selected based on the abrasion environment and a 25-year design life is estimated.
This document provides guidelines for properly expanding tubes when installing or repairing heat exchangers, condensers, and other pressure vessels. It discusses determining the correct percentage of tube wall reduction for different materials, how to measure dimensions to calculate wall reduction, and factors that cause tube leaks if not done properly, such as under-rolling or over-rolling tubes. The key recommendations are to roll tubes just enough for the required wall reduction percentage and to ensure clean, lubricated surfaces for a tight seal.
This document discusses problems that can arise during and after construction of flyover bridges and their solutions. It outlines objectives to identify common issues and provide fundamental knowledge on construction and maintenance. Key problems discussed include earthworks not being properly leveled and compacted, substandard materials used in concrete and steel works, bearing failures from issues like misalignment, corrosion and contamination, and general corrosion of reinforcement from water and chloride ingress. Solutions proposed are reducing excessive loads, using higher quality materials, preventing contamination, diverting corrosive fluids, ensuring proper alignment, and increasing bond strength between steel and concrete. Literature on related topics is also reviewed.
1. The document describes various types of flanges according to ASME B16.5 standards, including welding neck, slip on, socket weld, lap joint, threaded, and blind flanges.
2. It provides details on each flange type, such as how they connect to pipes (e.g. butt weld for welding neck, two fillet welds for slip on), their relative strengths, and advantages/disadvantages.
3. Additional tips are provided at the end on ensuring proper gaps for socket welds and holding lap joint flanges in place during disassembly.
The document discusses various aspects of sand casting processes including solidification mechanisms, defects, fluidity, shrinkage, and gas absorption. It also covers design considerations for castings such as parting line placement, draft angles, section thickness, feeding and risering. Guidelines are provided for corner radii, thick sections, and rib design. The importance of preventing hot spots and minimizing casting stresses is emphasized.
The document summarizes the key activities and lessons learned from an internship at a construction company. It describes works like slab casting, column construction, electrical installation, and tile work. It also discusses challenges like transportation issues and lack of guidance. Benefits included gaining practical skills and understanding construction processes. The conclusion reflects on applying academic knowledge to daily work. A recommendation calls for lengthening internship duration to allow deeper learning.
The document summarizes corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. It defines corrosion and describes the types as crevice and pitting corrosion. Chlorides are identified as the main cause as they can penetrate the protective oxide layer on the steel. Carbonation is also discussed as it lowers the pH and exposes the steel. The consequences of corrosion are outlined as rust formation which causes cracking, spalling and structural damage. Methods to prevent corrosion include coatings on the steel, using fly ash, galvanizing, and monitoring chlorides. Repair methods involve removing loose concrete, cleaning steel, applying protective coatings, and cement or epoxy patching.
4.corrosion of reinforcement in concreteAqib Ahmed
The document discusses corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. It explains that corrosion occurs when the alkaline environment of concrete is lost due to carbonation or chloride ingress, exposing the steel reinforcement. Factors that influence corrosion include moisture, oxygen levels, concrete quality and cracks. Corrosion causes cracks and spalling of concrete as rust occupies more space. To prevent corrosion, sufficient concrete cover, good quality concrete with low water-cement ratio, proper compaction and curing should be used. Cement polymers and electroplating steel can also increase corrosion resistance.
The document summarizes an inspection report of an underground tunnel structure in Montreal. It describes the major structural components, materials used, current conditions, deterioration over time, recommendations from previous inspections, and suggested repair and testing methods. The structure is in critical condition with extensive cracking, corrosion and rebar exposure. Immediate attention is needed on retaining walls, ceiling cracks and rebar corrosion. Non-destructive and destructive testing is recommended to further evaluate the deterioration and inform repair methods. Annual inspections should continue to monitor the condition.
This document summarizes various types of distress that can occur in rigid pavement, including cracking, faulting, joint damage, scaling, and patching. It describes the appearance and potential causes of each distress type and discusses repair methods. Some common distress types discussed are longitudinal/transverse cracking caused by foundation issues or overloading; joint seal damage from material buildup or improper seals; and spalling near joints from excessive stresses or dowel issues. The document also notes contributors to functional distresses like roughness and contributors to structural issues such as cracking, joint deterioration, and durability distresses.
Billet defects off-corner cracks formation, prevention and evolutionJorge Madias
Presentation on a solidification defect in billets. After a characterization of the defect and a discussion on the mechanism for its formation, preventive measures are analysed, taking into account several plant experiences. The evolution of the defect during rolling and further processing and application is reviewed, too.
Seamless and welded pipes are manufactured differently, with seamless being extruded from a billet and welded being produced by rolling and welding a strip. While welded pipe is cheaper, seamless is specified for analyzer sample lines due to potential impurities reducing corrosion resistance in the weld area of welded pipe. Drawing and annealing welded pipe can improve homogeneity and reduce dimensional variation and corrosion, but standards allow variability so seamless avoids any defect in corrosion resistance from the weld.
This report summarizes a site visit to observe the construction of reinforced concrete slabs. Various slab types like one-way slabs, two-way slabs, and sunken slabs were observed. Reinforcement details like bent bars, distribution bars, and concrete cover were seen to match theoretical specifications. Questions about slab design and construction were answered on site. The visit confirmed that theoretical RCC knowledge was being properly implemented in practice.
This document provides information on a continuing education course for architects on metal roof system details. The course aims to teach attendees about proper and improper roof details, penetrations, transitions and other areas that can impact the long-term performance of a metal roof. Emphasis is placed on details that will maintain watertightness and avoid corrosion issues over 20 years. The course uses images to highlight both correct and incorrect real-world examples. Upon completing a short quiz, participants can receive credit toward continuing education requirements.
This document discusses bridge expansion joints. It begins by defining expansion joints and their purpose of accommodating movement in bridges. It then categorizes expansion joints based on the magnitude of movement they can handle: small (under 45mm), medium (45-130mm), and large (over 130mm). Examples of joint types for each category are given along with their advantages and disadvantages. Small movement joints discussed include sliding plate, compression seal, asphaltic plug, and poured sealant joints. Medium movement joints include strip seal and finger plate joints. Large movement joints include bolt-down panels and modular elastomeric seals. The document also discusses the installation process and maintenance of finger plate joints.
This document discusses various types of blowholes that can occur in castings, including wet sand blowholes, surface blowholes, subsurface slag reaction blowholes, subsurface blowholes, mould or core gas blowholes, entrapped air blowholes, and chaplet blowholes. For each type of blowhole, the document describes possible causes and suggested remedies to prevent or reduce the occurrence of that specific blowhole type in castings. The document is intended to share information on casting defects in order to help those working in the casting industry address and remedy quality issues.
Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened with rebar or steel reinforcement. It is stronger than plain concrete due to its ability to withstand both compressive and tensile stresses. The steel reinforcement provides tensile strength, while the concrete primarily resists compressive forces and protects the rebar from corrosion. Proper placement of the rebar within the formwork prior to pouring concrete is important to achieve the structural strength of the reinforced concrete. Testing of the concrete is also done to ensure it meets the required strength standards. Reinforced concrete has many advantages over plain concrete, including higher strength, durability, resistance to fire and weathering, and lower lifetime maintenance costs.
Casting defects can be classified into general defects common to all casting processes and defects related specifically to sand casting. General defects include misruns where the mold is not fully filled, cold shuts where two metal flows fail to fuse, cold shots where metal splatters during pouring, and shrinkage cavities caused by solidification shrinkage. Sand casting defects include sand blows caused by trapped gases, pin holes of small gas cavities, and penetration where molten metal enters the sand mold. Proper design and production processes seek to eliminate defects and ensure casting quality.
This document provides guidelines for properly expanding tubes when installing or repairing heat exchangers, condensers, and other pressure vessels. It discusses determining the correct percentage of tube wall reduction for different materials, how to measure dimensions to calculate wall reduction, and factors that cause tube leaks if not done properly, such as under-rolling or over-rolling tubes. The key recommendations are to roll tubes just enough for the required wall reduction percentage and to ensure clean, lubricated surfaces for a tight seal.
This document discusses problems that can arise during and after construction of flyover bridges and their solutions. It outlines objectives to identify common issues and provide fundamental knowledge on construction and maintenance. Key problems discussed include earthworks not being properly leveled and compacted, substandard materials used in concrete and steel works, bearing failures from issues like misalignment, corrosion and contamination, and general corrosion of reinforcement from water and chloride ingress. Solutions proposed are reducing excessive loads, using higher quality materials, preventing contamination, diverting corrosive fluids, ensuring proper alignment, and increasing bond strength between steel and concrete. Literature on related topics is also reviewed.
1. The document describes various types of flanges according to ASME B16.5 standards, including welding neck, slip on, socket weld, lap joint, threaded, and blind flanges.
2. It provides details on each flange type, such as how they connect to pipes (e.g. butt weld for welding neck, two fillet welds for slip on), their relative strengths, and advantages/disadvantages.
3. Additional tips are provided at the end on ensuring proper gaps for socket welds and holding lap joint flanges in place during disassembly.
The document discusses various aspects of sand casting processes including solidification mechanisms, defects, fluidity, shrinkage, and gas absorption. It also covers design considerations for castings such as parting line placement, draft angles, section thickness, feeding and risering. Guidelines are provided for corner radii, thick sections, and rib design. The importance of preventing hot spots and minimizing casting stresses is emphasized.
The document summarizes the key activities and lessons learned from an internship at a construction company. It describes works like slab casting, column construction, electrical installation, and tile work. It also discusses challenges like transportation issues and lack of guidance. Benefits included gaining practical skills and understanding construction processes. The conclusion reflects on applying academic knowledge to daily work. A recommendation calls for lengthening internship duration to allow deeper learning.
The document summarizes corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. It defines corrosion and describes the types as crevice and pitting corrosion. Chlorides are identified as the main cause as they can penetrate the protective oxide layer on the steel. Carbonation is also discussed as it lowers the pH and exposes the steel. The consequences of corrosion are outlined as rust formation which causes cracking, spalling and structural damage. Methods to prevent corrosion include coatings on the steel, using fly ash, galvanizing, and monitoring chlorides. Repair methods involve removing loose concrete, cleaning steel, applying protective coatings, and cement or epoxy patching.
4.corrosion of reinforcement in concreteAqib Ahmed
The document discusses corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. It explains that corrosion occurs when the alkaline environment of concrete is lost due to carbonation or chloride ingress, exposing the steel reinforcement. Factors that influence corrosion include moisture, oxygen levels, concrete quality and cracks. Corrosion causes cracks and spalling of concrete as rust occupies more space. To prevent corrosion, sufficient concrete cover, good quality concrete with low water-cement ratio, proper compaction and curing should be used. Cement polymers and electroplating steel can also increase corrosion resistance.
The document summarizes an inspection report of an underground tunnel structure in Montreal. It describes the major structural components, materials used, current conditions, deterioration over time, recommendations from previous inspections, and suggested repair and testing methods. The structure is in critical condition with extensive cracking, corrosion and rebar exposure. Immediate attention is needed on retaining walls, ceiling cracks and rebar corrosion. Non-destructive and destructive testing is recommended to further evaluate the deterioration and inform repair methods. Annual inspections should continue to monitor the condition.
This document summarizes various types of distress that can occur in rigid pavement, including cracking, faulting, joint damage, scaling, and patching. It describes the appearance and potential causes of each distress type and discusses repair methods. Some common distress types discussed are longitudinal/transverse cracking caused by foundation issues or overloading; joint seal damage from material buildup or improper seals; and spalling near joints from excessive stresses or dowel issues. The document also notes contributors to functional distresses like roughness and contributors to structural issues such as cracking, joint deterioration, and durability distresses.
Billet defects off-corner cracks formation, prevention and evolutionJorge Madias
Presentation on a solidification defect in billets. After a characterization of the defect and a discussion on the mechanism for its formation, preventive measures are analysed, taking into account several plant experiences. The evolution of the defect during rolling and further processing and application is reviewed, too.
Seamless and welded pipes are manufactured differently, with seamless being extruded from a billet and welded being produced by rolling and welding a strip. While welded pipe is cheaper, seamless is specified for analyzer sample lines due to potential impurities reducing corrosion resistance in the weld area of welded pipe. Drawing and annealing welded pipe can improve homogeneity and reduce dimensional variation and corrosion, but standards allow variability so seamless avoids any defect in corrosion resistance from the weld.
This report summarizes a site visit to observe the construction of reinforced concrete slabs. Various slab types like one-way slabs, two-way slabs, and sunken slabs were observed. Reinforcement details like bent bars, distribution bars, and concrete cover were seen to match theoretical specifications. Questions about slab design and construction were answered on site. The visit confirmed that theoretical RCC knowledge was being properly implemented in practice.
This document provides information on a continuing education course for architects on metal roof system details. The course aims to teach attendees about proper and improper roof details, penetrations, transitions and other areas that can impact the long-term performance of a metal roof. Emphasis is placed on details that will maintain watertightness and avoid corrosion issues over 20 years. The course uses images to highlight both correct and incorrect real-world examples. Upon completing a short quiz, participants can receive credit toward continuing education requirements.
This document discusses bridge expansion joints. It begins by defining expansion joints and their purpose of accommodating movement in bridges. It then categorizes expansion joints based on the magnitude of movement they can handle: small (under 45mm), medium (45-130mm), and large (over 130mm). Examples of joint types for each category are given along with their advantages and disadvantages. Small movement joints discussed include sliding plate, compression seal, asphaltic plug, and poured sealant joints. Medium movement joints include strip seal and finger plate joints. Large movement joints include bolt-down panels and modular elastomeric seals. The document also discusses the installation process and maintenance of finger plate joints.
This document discusses various types of blowholes that can occur in castings, including wet sand blowholes, surface blowholes, subsurface slag reaction blowholes, subsurface blowholes, mould or core gas blowholes, entrapped air blowholes, and chaplet blowholes. For each type of blowhole, the document describes possible causes and suggested remedies to prevent or reduce the occurrence of that specific blowhole type in castings. The document is intended to share information on casting defects in order to help those working in the casting industry address and remedy quality issues.
Reinforced concrete is concrete that is strengthened with rebar or steel reinforcement. It is stronger than plain concrete due to its ability to withstand both compressive and tensile stresses. The steel reinforcement provides tensile strength, while the concrete primarily resists compressive forces and protects the rebar from corrosion. Proper placement of the rebar within the formwork prior to pouring concrete is important to achieve the structural strength of the reinforced concrete. Testing of the concrete is also done to ensure it meets the required strength standards. Reinforced concrete has many advantages over plain concrete, including higher strength, durability, resistance to fire and weathering, and lower lifetime maintenance costs.
Casting defects can be classified into general defects common to all casting processes and defects related specifically to sand casting. General defects include misruns where the mold is not fully filled, cold shuts where two metal flows fail to fuse, cold shots where metal splatters during pouring, and shrinkage cavities caused by solidification shrinkage. Sand casting defects include sand blows caused by trapped gases, pin holes of small gas cavities, and penetration where molten metal enters the sand mold. Proper design and production processes seek to eliminate defects and ensure casting quality.
2. Choosing the right approach to solve your specific repair situation
is not always a simple task. The appropriate solution depends on
the type of culvert deterioration, the root cause of the problem, and
the extent to which the structure of the failing culvert allows you to
rehabilitate rather than replace. The full solution to rehabilitating
a deteriorated culvert may also depend on correcting failed
conditions on the outside of the culvert at the inlet and outlet.
In the mid-1980s, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
developed a 10 point scale (9 to 0) that is useful as a guideline for
assessing the condition of the culvert. In this scale, 9 represents
a culvert in new condition, and 0 represents one that has totally
failed.
Milliken Infrastructure offers a number of solutions to repair or
rehabilitate a variety of problems seen in corrugated metal (CMP)
and concrete pipe culverts. Our solutions may be used individually
to solve a specific issue, or together to fully rehabilitate a culvert
with a range of problems. Some examples are:
Scour/Pitting of Invert CMP Concrete Cloth™
Concrete GeoSpray®
Shape deformations CMP GeoSpray®
Joint failures or CMP GeoPlug™
misalignments Concrete GeoSpray®
Cracks Concrete GeoFuse™
GeoSpray®
Inlet/Outlet Erosion All Concrete Cloth™
Deterioration Concrete GeoSpray®
(rebar corrosion)
Choosing the Right Culvert
Repair Solution
Generally speaking, Concrete Cloth™ GCCM functions as a new
wear surface for culvert inverts and as an erosion control measure
for culvert surrounds, and is not a structural repair. Our GeoSpray
products can provide structural repair options for more severe
culvert failure conditions.
This guide is intended to help guide maintenance professionals with
the selection of appropriate Milliken Infrastructure culvert repair
solutions.
PROBLEM CULVERT TYPE
Rating 8: Very Good
Rating 6: Satisfactory
Rating 5: Fair
Rating 3: Very Poor
Rating 4: Poor
SOLUTION
3. CMP Culvert Rating and Decision Guide
CONDITION
RATING
CONDITION DESCRIPTION
MILLIKEN INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTION
Concrete Cloth
9 New Condition
8
Shape: good, smooth curvature in barrel
Horizontal: within 10 percent of design
Seams and Joints: tight, no openings
Aluminum: superficial corrosion, slight pitting
Steel: superficial rust, no pitting
7
Shape: generally good, top half of pipe smooth but minor flattening of bottom
Horizontal Diameter: within 10 percent of design
Seams or Joints: minor cracking at a few bolt holes, minor joint or seam
openings, potential for backfill infiltration
Aluminum: moderate corrosion, no attack of core alloy
Steel: moderate rust, slight pitting
6
Shape: fair, top half has smooth curvature but bottom half has flattened significantly
Horizontal Diameter: within 10 percent of design
Seams or Joints: minor cracking at bolts is prevalent in one seam in lower half of
pipe. Evidence of backfill infiltration through seams or joints
Aluminum: significant corrosion, minor attack of core alloy
Steel: fairly heavy rust, moderate pitting
5
Shape: generally fair, significant distortion at isolated locations in top half and
extreme flattening of invert
Horizontal Diameter: 10 percent to 15 percent greater than design
Seams or Joints: moderate cracking at bolt holes along one seam near bottom of
pipe, deflection of pipe caused by backfill infiltration through seams or joints
Aluminum: significant corrosion, moderate attack of core alloy
Steel: scattered heavy rust, deep pitting
4
Shape: marginal significant distortion throughout length of pipe, lower third may be kinked
Horizontal Diameter: 10 percent to 15 percent greater than design
Seams or Joints: Moderate cracking at bolt holes on one seam near top of pipe, deflection
caused by loss of backfill through open joints
Aluminum: extensive corrosion, significant attack of core alloy
Steel: extensive heavy rust, deep pitting
3
Shape: poor with extreme deflection at isolated locations, flattening of crown, crown
radius 20 to 30 feet
Horizontal Diameter: in excess of 15 percent greater than design
Seams or Joints: 3 in. long cracks at bolt holes on one seam
Aluminum: extensive corrosion, attack of core alloy, scattered perforations
Steel: extensive heavy rust, deep pitting, scattered perforations, invert X % section loss
2
Shape: critical, extreme distortion and deflection throughout pipe, flattening of
crown, crown radius over 30 feet
Horizontal Diameter: more than 20 percent greater than design
Seams: plate cracked from bolt to bolt on one seam
Aluminum: extensive perforations due to corrosion
Steel: extensive perforations due to rust
1
Shape: partially collapsed with crown in reverse curve
Seams: failed
Road: closed to traffic
0
Pipe: totally failed
Road: closed to traffic
Recommended
Geopolymers
4. Milliken Infrastructure Solutions, LLC is a subsidiary of Milliken & Company.
The Milliken logo is used under license by Milliken Infrastructure Solutions, LLC, all rights reserved.
GeoSpray is a registered trademark of Milliken Infrastructure Solutions, LLC. The Milliken Infrastructure
logo, GeoPlug, GeoFuse and RenewWrap are trademarks of Milliken Infrastructure Solutions, LLC
Concrete Culvert Rating and Decision Guide
CONDITION
RATING
CONDITION DESCRIPTION
9 New Condition
8
Alignment: good, no settlement or misalignment
Joints: tight with no defects apparent
Concrete: no cracking, spalling, or scaling present; surface in good condition
7
Alignment: generally good; minor misalignment at joints; no settlement
Joints: minor openings, possible infiltration/exfiltration
Concrete: minor hairline cracking at isolated locations; slight spalling or scaling
present on invert
6
Alignment: fair, minor misalignment and settlement at isolated locations
Joints: minor backfill infiltration due to slight opening at joints; minor cracking or
spalling at joints allowing exfiltration
Concrete: extensive hairline cracks, some with minor delaminations or spalling; invert
scaling less than 0.25 in. deep or small spalls present
5
Alignment: generally fair; minor misalignment or settlement throughout pipe; possible
piping
Joints: open and allowing backfill to infiltrate; significant cracking or joint spalling
Concrete: cracking open greater than 0.12 in. with moderate delamination and moderate
spalling exposing reinforcing steel at isolated locations; large areas of invert with surface
scaling or spalls greater than 0.25 in. deep
4
Alignment: marginal; significant settlement and misalignment of pipe; evidence of piping;
end sections dislocated, about to drop off
Joints: differential movement and separation of joints; significant infiltration or exfiltration
at joints
Concrete: cracks open more than 0.12 in. with efflorescence and spalling at numerous
locations; spalls have exposed rebars which are heavily corroded; extensive surface scaling
on invert greater than 0.5 in
3
Alignment: poor with significant ponding of water due to sagging or misalignment pipes;
end section drop off has occurred
Joints: significant openings, dislocated joints in several locations exposing fill materials;
infiltration or exfiltration causing misalignment of pipe and settlement or depressions in
roadway
Concrete: extensive cracking, spalling, and minor slabbing; invert scaling has exposed
reinforcing steel
2
Alignment: critical; culvert not functioning due to alignment problems throughout
Concrete: severe slabbing has occurred in culvert wall, invert concrete completely
deteriorated in isolated locations
1
Culvert: partially collapsed
Road: closed to traffic
0 Culvert: total failure of culvert and fill
Road: closed to traffic
Recommended
infrastructure.milliken.com • 855-655-6750
MILLIKEN INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTION
RenewWrap™
Geopolymers
MIS1002-1215