Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
Introduction to public health, definition, Preventive medicine vs public health, social medicine, community medicine, role of public health, public health practices, core activities
Indicator is a variable which gives an indication of a given situation or a reflection of that situation.
Health Indicator is a variable, susceptible to direct measurement, that reflects the state of health of persons in a community.
Indicators help to measure the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programme are being attained.
Introduction to public health, definition, Preventive medicine vs public health, social medicine, community medicine, role of public health, public health practices, core activities
A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
This presentation describes the Evolution of Community Medicine from the word hygiene to public health to preventive and social medicine to community medicine . It is a very simple presentation which describes difference between doctor ,good doctor and a very good doctor. It also includes recent IAPSM ( INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE) definition of Community Medicine and what are the key functions of Community Medicine Specialist. it also describes concept of Socialized Medicine.
The specialty which deals with population.
Comprises those doctors who try to measure the needs of sick and healthy.
Who plan and administer the services to meet the needs.
Who are engaged in research & teaching in the field.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease Aditya Sharma
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease
PPT
Heredity
Environment
Lifestyle
Socio-economic conditions
Health services
Education
Income
Housing
population medicine has been referred to as hygiene, public health, preventive medicine, social medicine or community medicine. All these aim for promotion of health and prevention of disease.
A brief presentation on the Concept of Health and Wellbeing. (data till 2019)
it may be useful for MBBS undergraduate and postgraduate of Community Medicine/ Preventive and social medicine.
This presentation describes the Evolution of Community Medicine from the word hygiene to public health to preventive and social medicine to community medicine . It is a very simple presentation which describes difference between doctor ,good doctor and a very good doctor. It also includes recent IAPSM ( INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE) definition of Community Medicine and what are the key functions of Community Medicine Specialist. it also describes concept of Socialized Medicine.
The specialty which deals with population.
Comprises those doctors who try to measure the needs of sick and healthy.
Who plan and administer the services to meet the needs.
Who are engaged in research & teaching in the field.
Concept of health and disease (concept and definition of health,well being, illness,sickness and disease; philosophy of health; concept and definition of disease; changing concepts of health; dimensions of health; spectrum of health; iceberg phenomenon of disease; responsibility for health: Individual, community, state and international) Concept of causation (germ theory of disease; epidemiological triad; multi-factorial
causation; web of causation; natural history of disease: pre-pathogenesis and pathogenesis phase)Determinants of health
Prevention, its levels in line with phases of disease concurrent to natural history Concept of modes of intervention in different levels of prevention Burden of disease (concept of burden of disease; measurements used in burden of disease: DALY, QALY, YLL, YLD) Indicators of Health (Concept and characteristics of health indicator; Different types of
mortality and morbidity indicators: mortality Indicators-crude death rate; age-specific death rate; infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate and ratio; Morbidity indicators:
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease Aditya Sharma
Socio Cultural Factors Related to Health and Disease
PPT
Heredity
Environment
Lifestyle
Socio-economic conditions
Health services
Education
Income
Housing
population medicine has been referred to as hygiene, public health, preventive medicine, social medicine or community medicine. All these aim for promotion of health and prevention of disease.
The term community health in some countries has replaced the terms public health, preventive medicine and social medicine.
Community health refers to the health status of a defined group and the actions and conditions to promote, protect and preserve their health.
Community health is the part of medicine which is concerned with the health of the whole population and the prevention of diseases from which it suffers.
WHO defined health in 1984 as "a state of complete physical, mental, social & spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health doesn't mean absence of diseases but it has a broader concept.
concept of health & Illness, health illness continum, prevention and its levels, body defence, health care team, health care delivery system, health care agencies
This PPT covers UNIT 1 of Social and Preventive Pharmacy , BP802T, B.Pharmacy 8th sem. and is as per the syllabus of PCI, in a very comprehensive language.
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING...Kailash Nagar
STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPER ACTIVITY DISORDER IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL OF NADIAD CITY”
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion...Kailash Nagar
Comparative Study of Teaching Approach Nursing Simulation Vs Group Discussion on Respiratory Assessment in Terms of Knowledge and Critical Thinking Abilities Among Nursing Students
Perception and Behavioural Outcome towards COVID-19 Vaccine among Students an...Kailash Nagar
ntroduction: Perception and behaviour towards corona vaccine among peoples in India was poor due to some side effects and negative media publicity in primary phases of vaccination. India has developed two types of vaccine (Covaxin and Covishield). During primary phase of corona vaccine we don’t have appropriate research and literature, about side effects and how far vaccine is reliable that why due so some minor side effect and negative media publicity peoples are very scared to take vaccine. So few peoples were started denial get vaccinated. The researcher wan to explore the positivity through the research result to reduce the negative mindset of the peoples toward corona vaccine, Because in India few peoples has fear to take vaccine against corona due to negative media publicity and scared of side effect.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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Concept of health and disease
1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD
2.
3. Concept of Health
• Biomedical concept
• Ecological concept
• Psychosocial concept
• Holistic concept
4. Biomedical concept
• Health is “absence of disease” ie if one is free
from disease than he is considered healthy.
• Based on germ theory of disease.
• Question – malnutrition, chronic disease,
accidents, drug abuse, mental illness ,
environmental pollution etc which lead to
ecological concept
5. Ecological concept
• Ecologists – health is dynamic equilibrium between
man and his environment, and disease is
maladjustment of the human organism to his
environment.
• “Health implies the relative absence of pain and
discomfort and a continuous adaptation and
adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal
function”
6. Ecological concept
• Raised two questions
– Imperfect man
– Imperfect environment
• History shows that improvement in human
adaptation to natural environment can lead to
longer and better quality of life- even with the
absence of modern health delivery services.
7. Psychosocial concept
• Development in social science – Health is not only
a biomedical phenomenon, but it is influenced by
• social,
• psychological,
• cultural,
• economic and
• political factors of the people concerned,
• “Health is both a biological and social
phenomenon”
8. Holistic concept
• Synthesis of all the above concepts,
• It recognizes the strength of social, economic,
political and environmental influences on
health
• Then came a many definitions of health
9. Definitions of Health
• “the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit,
especially freedom from physical disease or pain”
(webster)
• “soundness of body or mind; that condition in which
its functions are duly and efficiently discharged” (
oxford)
• “ a condition or quality of the human organism
expressing the adequate functioning of the organism
in given conditions, genetic and environmental” (
operational def by WHO)
10. Health Definition
WHO define health
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely an
absence of disease or infirmity”
11. Dimension of Health
• Health is Multidimensional.
• WHO definition envisages
Physical
dimension
Mental
Dimension
Social
Dimension
12. Physical
dimension
• The state of physical health implies the
notion of “perfect functioning” of the
body. It conceptualizes health biologically
as a state in which every cell and every
organ is functioning at optimum capacity
and in perfect harmony with the rest of
the body.
http://images01.trafficz.com/cache/h3w4/500_1189535325_running.jpg
13. Mental
Dimension
• Mental health is not mere absence of
mental illness.
• Good mental health is ability to respond to
the many varied experience of life with
flexibility and sense of purpose.
http://cms.mumbaimirror.com/portalfiles/7/3/200710/Image/Mental%20Health.jpg
14. • “A state of balance between the individual and
the surrounding world, a state of harmony
between oneself and others, a coexistence
between the realities of the self and that of
other people and that of the environment”
15. Social dimension
• Social well-being implies harmony and
integration within the individual, between
each individual and other members of society
and between individuals and the world in
which they live.
• “quantity and quality of an individual’s
interpersonal ties and the extent of
involvement with the community.”
16. Spectrum of Health
Health and disease lie along a continum, and there is
no single cut-off point.
Positive health
Better Health
Freedom from sickness
Unrecognized sickness
Mild sickness
Severe sickness
Death
The Health sickness spectrum
17. Spectrum concept of health
• Emphasizes that the health of an individual is
not static.
• It is a dynamic phenomenon and a process of
continuous change.
18. Determinants of Health
• Health is multifactorial.
• The factors which influence health lie both
within the individual and externally in the
society in which he or she lives.
• The factors interact and these interactions
may be health- promoting or deleterious.
22. Indicators of Health
• Required to measure the health status of a
community.
• Compare health status of one country with
others
• For assessment of health care needs
• For allocation of resource
• Monitoring and evaluation of health services
23. Indicators
• Mortality indicators
• Morbidity indicators
• Disability rates
• Nutritional status indicators
• Health care delivery indicators
• Utilization rates
• Indicators of social and mental health
24. • Environmental indicators
• Socio-economic indicators
• Health policy indicators
• Indicators of quality of life
• others
25. Concept of disease
• Webster defines disease as “ a condition in
which body health is impaired, a departure
from a state of health, an alteration of human
body interrupting the performance of vital
functions.”
• Ecological point=“a maladjustment of the
human organism to the environment.”
26. WHO definition
• WHO defined health but not disease because:
• Sprectrum of disease ( many stages)
• Some acute, some insidious
• Carrier state, infect.
• Some are related to organisms, some other
cause.
27. Concept of Causation
• Up to the time Louis
Pasteur (1922-1985),
• Super natural theory
• Theory of Humors
• Contagion
• Miasmatic
• Micro organisms.
• Germ Theory
28. Epidemiological Triad
• Germ theory has
limitation-
• Not everyone exposed
to TB develops
Agent Host
Environment
30. The Agent
• “an organism, a substance or a force, the
presence or lack of which may initiate a
disease process or may cause it to continue.”
• May be single or multiple.
• Living or biological agests
• Nonliving or inanimate, ( nutrients, chemical
or physical agent)
36. Multifactorial causation
• Not a new concept
• Pettenkofer of Munich (1819-1901) was the
early proponent of this concept.
• Germ theory overshadowed this concept
• Now back to multifactorial causation.
( Aetiology- Social, economic, cultural, genetic
and psychological ect.)
37. Web of Causation
• Suggested by MacMahon and Pugh in their
book “Epidemiologic Principles and
Methods”
• Concept ideally suits in the study of
chronic disease.
• Where the disease agent is not known.
• Web of Causation considers all the
predisposing factors of any typeand their
complex interrelationship with each other.
38. Web of Causation
Change in life style
Abundance of
food Lack of physical
exercise
Smoking
Stress
Emotional
disturbances
Aging and other factors
Obesity Hyper Tension
Hyperlipidaemia
Increased catacholamines
Thrombotic tendency
Changes in walls of arteries
Coronary occlusion
Myocardial ischaemia
Myocardial infarction
Coronary
Arteriosclerosis
Web of causation for myocardial infarction
39. Natural History of Disease
• Disease results from a complex interaction
between man, an agent and the
environment.
• Natural history of disease signifies the way
in which a disease evolves over time from
the earliest stage of its prepathogenesis
phase to its termination as recovery,
disability or death, in the absence of
treatment or prevention.
40. Natural history of disease
Period of pre-pathogenesis Period of Pathogenesis
D
is
ea
se
Pr
o
ce
ss
Agent Host
Environment
Signs & symptoms
Illness
Disability
Defect
Chronic state
Death
Recovery
Levels of
prevention
Primary
prevention
Secondary
Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Modes of
Intervention
Health
Promotion
Early
Diagnosis
Disability
limitation
Rehabilitation
43. Concept of Control
• Disease control describes operations aimed at
reducing:
1. The incidence of disease
2. The duration of disease, and consequently the risk
of transmission
3. The effects of infection, including both the physical
and psychosocial complications
4. The financial burden to the community.
44. Disease elimination
• Between control and eradication, an
intermediate goal = elimination.
• Elimination is used to describe interruption of
transmission of disease
• Eg: elimination of measles, polio.
45. Disease eradication
• Literally means to “tear out by roots”
• Implies termination of all transmission of
infection by extermination of the infectious
agent
• Till now small pox has been eradicated.
46. Concept of prevention
Prevention depends on
• Knowledge of causation,
• Dynamics of transmission
• Identification of risk factors and risk groups
• Availability of prophylactic or early detection
and
• Treatment measures.
48. Primordial prevention
• Prevention of the emergence or development
of risk factors in countries or population
groups in which they have not yet appeared.
• Eg; obesity, hypertension- prevented by
avoiding smoking, physical exercise.
49. Primary prevention
• Action taken prior to the onset of disease,
which removes the possibility that a disease
will ever occur.
• Eg reduction in BP. For CVD.
50. Secondary prevention
• Action which halts the progress of a disease at
its incipient stage and prevents complications
• Early diagnosis– through- screening tests
51. Tertiary prevention
• When the disease process has advanced beyond its
early stages.
• All measures available to reduce or limit impairments
and disabilities, minimise suffering caused by existing
departure from good health and to promote the
patients adjustment to irremediable conditions
• Disability-- leprosy