Educational technology, concept, objectives and scopeDivyaSS7
1) The document discusses the concept, objectives, and scope of educational technology. It defines educational technology as a system involving machines, materials, media, methods, and men working together to achieve educational goals.
2) Educational technology applies scientific principles to instruction and aims to optimize the teaching-learning process. It incorporates technological innovations in education and technologizing education.
3) The scope of educational technology ranges from concrete educational processes to abstract ones, and includes using hardware, software, and systems analysis in educational operations like curriculum development, teacher training, and evaluation.
The document discusses techniques for modifying teacher behavior, including interaction analysis, transactional analysis, action research, and microteaching. It specifically focuses on Flanders' system of interaction analysis, which involves encoding 10 categories of classroom interactions between teachers and students to analyze teaching styles. The categories are coded into a matrix that can be interpreted to determine the proportion of teacher/student talk, levels of direct/indirect teacher influence, and participation ratios. The matrix provides insights to help modify problematic teacher behaviors.
The document discusses the hardware approach to technology and communication in education. It describes the hardware approach as applying engineering principles to develop tools like films, recordings, teaching machines, and computers to aid the three aspects of human knowledge: preservation, transmission, and development. These technologies help mechanized the teaching process so teachers can educate more students with less expenditure.
1. Educational technology refers to the use of technology to facilitate and improve the learning process, including instructional theory, learning theory, and utilizing technological resources and processes.
2. There are two meanings of educational technology - technology in education, which refers to using equipment like audiovisual aids, computers, and electronic devices to enhance education, and technology of education, which characterizes effective teaching methods based on learner needs.
3. Educational technology has the objectives of individualizing instruction, improving education quality, addressing issues of scale, and enabling lifelong learning through principles like active and collaborative learning, feedback, and respecting diverse talents.
TNTEU - B.Ed New Syllabus - Pedagogy of Mathematics - Semester 1 - Code BD1MA - Unit III Approaches for teaching - Bigge and Hunt Steps - Reflective Level of Teaching Advantages and Disadvantages - Conclusion
Educational technology concept objectives and scope pptDivyaSS7
Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Educational technology uses engineering, information science, and behavioral sciences to promote efficient education. It has three meanings: 1) using mechanical tools for instruction, 2) applying psychological learning principles, and 3) incorporating both through systematically planning, implementing, and evaluating educational systems according to scientific principles to achieve objectives. Educational technology aims to build community, encourage critical thinking, reward risk-taking, focus on all learners, value diversity, nurture all learners, pursue innovation, and break down walls. It utilizes all educational resources in an integrated way for optimized learning.
Educational technology, concept, objectives and scopeDivyaSS7
1) The document discusses the concept, objectives, and scope of educational technology. It defines educational technology as a system involving machines, materials, media, methods, and men working together to achieve educational goals.
2) Educational technology applies scientific principles to instruction and aims to optimize the teaching-learning process. It incorporates technological innovations in education and technologizing education.
3) The scope of educational technology ranges from concrete educational processes to abstract ones, and includes using hardware, software, and systems analysis in educational operations like curriculum development, teacher training, and evaluation.
The document discusses techniques for modifying teacher behavior, including interaction analysis, transactional analysis, action research, and microteaching. It specifically focuses on Flanders' system of interaction analysis, which involves encoding 10 categories of classroom interactions between teachers and students to analyze teaching styles. The categories are coded into a matrix that can be interpreted to determine the proportion of teacher/student talk, levels of direct/indirect teacher influence, and participation ratios. The matrix provides insights to help modify problematic teacher behaviors.
The document discusses the hardware approach to technology and communication in education. It describes the hardware approach as applying engineering principles to develop tools like films, recordings, teaching machines, and computers to aid the three aspects of human knowledge: preservation, transmission, and development. These technologies help mechanized the teaching process so teachers can educate more students with less expenditure.
1. Educational technology refers to the use of technology to facilitate and improve the learning process, including instructional theory, learning theory, and utilizing technological resources and processes.
2. There are two meanings of educational technology - technology in education, which refers to using equipment like audiovisual aids, computers, and electronic devices to enhance education, and technology of education, which characterizes effective teaching methods based on learner needs.
3. Educational technology has the objectives of individualizing instruction, improving education quality, addressing issues of scale, and enabling lifelong learning through principles like active and collaborative learning, feedback, and respecting diverse talents.
TNTEU - B.Ed New Syllabus - Pedagogy of Mathematics - Semester 1 - Code BD1MA - Unit III Approaches for teaching - Bigge and Hunt Steps - Reflective Level of Teaching Advantages and Disadvantages - Conclusion
Educational technology concept objectives and scope pptDivyaSS7
Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Educational technology uses engineering, information science, and behavioral sciences to promote efficient education. It has three meanings: 1) using mechanical tools for instruction, 2) applying psychological learning principles, and 3) incorporating both through systematically planning, implementing, and evaluating educational systems according to scientific principles to achieve objectives. Educational technology aims to build community, encourage critical thinking, reward risk-taking, focus on all learners, value diversity, nurture all learners, pursue innovation, and break down walls. It utilizes all educational resources in an integrated way for optimized learning.
Personalized System of Instruction(PSI)Keller planSuresh Babu
Suresh Babu G is a lecturer in general education at MGUCTE Nedumkandam. The document provides his name and title as well as the name of the institution where he works as a lecturer in general education.
This document discusses educational technology, including its definitions, objectives, and forms. Educational technology is defined as applying scientific knowledge and learning principles to improve teaching effectiveness and efficiency. Its objectives are to modernize teaching methods, make instruction easier to understand, and help modify teacher and student behaviors. Educational technology includes instructional technology, teaching technology, and other approaches. It distinguishes between hardware technology, which uses physical machines to aid teaching, and software technology, which focuses on instructional theories. The document provides examples of both and compares their principles, media used, teaching aids, and examples.
This document discusses the hardware and software approaches to educational technology. The hardware approach uses electro-mechanical equipment for instructional purposes and includes technologies like radios, TVs, and film projectors. The software approach, also called management technology, is based on behavioral sciences and psychology of learning and produces programmed learning materials and teaching strategies. Key differences are that hardware has its origins in physical sciences while software stems from behavioral sciences, and hardware provides direct services while software helps produce materials. Both approaches individualize instruction, use multimedia, manage education efficiently, and fulfill expectations of distance learning.
THE NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY & EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNINGEk ra
The document discusses educational technology and learning. It begins by outlining 12 learning objectives related to understanding educational technology concepts. It then discusses various theories of learning, including behavioral, cognitive, and Gestalt approaches. Key aspects covered include Pavlovian and Skinnerian conditioning, problem-solving perspectives in Gestalt theory, and Lewin's field theory of learning as influenced by personal and environmental factors. The role of reinforcement and consequences in shaping behavioral and cognitive learning processes is also addressed.
The document outlines three phases of teaching: pre-active (planning), interactive (execution), and post-active (evaluation). It also describes three levels of teaching: memory (thoughtless), understanding (thoughtful), and reflective (upper thoughtful). At the memory level, the goal is factual recall and reproduction. The understanding level aims for comprehension, interpretation, and application. The highest reflective level focuses on developing critical thinking through problem-solving, analysis, and independent decision making. Different teaching methods and evaluations are used depending on the specific phase and level being targeted.
School's Readiness for Inclusion ( B.Ed )Dr.Amol Ubale
The document discusses school readiness and the infrastructure needed for inclusion of students with diverse needs. It defines school readiness as having three key areas: children's readiness for school, schools' readiness for children, and family/community support. Five essential elements of school readiness are identified. The document also discusses the infrastructure and accessibility required to include students with various disabilities like visual impairment, deaf/hard of hearing, intellectual disability, physical disability, mental health conditions, and more. Features like accessible buildings, specialized learning materials, assistive devices, and therapy units are highlighted.
The Importance of Educational Technology kristhel13
Technology improves education in several key ways. It makes learning more engaging and interactive through new methods. Technology also allows students to improve their skills and increase collaboration by working with others remotely. The use of technology reduces the materials students need to carry and expands the resources available for both teachers and students online. Some students learn better when able to set their own pace, and online education is now an accredited, credible option. Overall, technology and education work well together when used for the right reasons to revolutionize learning.
Instructional technology is a subset of educational technology concerned with instruction and achieving specific learning objectives. It analyzes content by dividing it into elements that can be presented independently in a logical sequence with appropriate reinforcement. Instructional technology assumes content can be broken down, external learning conditions can be created, and students can learn at their own pace without a teacher. It helps teachers and learners by setting objectives, choosing instructional materials, media and methods, creating an optimal learning environment, and facilitating evaluation.
The document discusses curriculum transaction and modes of curriculum transaction. It defines curriculum transaction as the effective implementation of curriculum contents based on the objectives. There are two main modes of curriculum transaction: face-to-face and distance. Face-to-face involves direct interaction between teachers and learners through lectures, discussions, etc. Distance mode does not involve direct contact and uses mediums like print, audio, video for instruction. Recently, interactive television and online platforms like Zoom, Google Meet, and YouTube Live have also been used for curriculum transaction during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Teacher role in curriculum construction ShamanthaCS
The document discusses the teacher's role in curriculum construction, outlining the three main steps: 1) Planning which involves determining educational goals and objectives, 2) Implementation which is delivering instruction according to the planned curriculum, and 3) Evaluation which assesses whether learning outcomes were achieved and provides feedback for improving the curriculum. The teacher submitted the topic paper for a seminar on knowledge and curriculum at JSS Mahavidyapeeta in Mysore.
The document discusses various committees and commissions related to teacher education in India, including the National Knowledge Commission. It provides information on the National Policy on Education of 1992 and 1986, the National Curriculum Framework of 2005, the Kothari Commission of 1964-1966, and the Secondary Education Commission of 1952-1953. It outlines the objectives, recommendations, and features of these policy bodies and commissions regarding India's education system, curriculum, and teacher training.
The document discusses the importance of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into teacher education and training in India. It notes that both pre-service and in-service teacher training are currently inadequate. ICT can help make teaching more engaging and dynamic, as well as help teachers develop new skills. However, effectively integrating ICT requires sufficient access to technology, high-quality digital content, and training teachers to use digital tools. The document provides examples of how ICT can be integrated into different subjects and outlines essential ICT skills and approaches for teachers.
- Educational technology refers to the systematic application of technology in the field of education. It comprises technology in education (use of hardware like audio-visual aids) and technology of education (software aspect like techniques and methodologies of teaching and learning).
- Educational technology has significance as it helps release the teacher from routine information giving, creates multi-media learning environments, and helps in better learning and retention. It includes instructional design, audiovisual media, learning processes, teaching strategies and evaluation techniques.
- Audio-visual aids appeal to multiple senses and can help improve retention of information from 10-90% depending on how many senses are engaged. They are classified as projected aids, non-projected aids, and activity aids.
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) refers to using computers to facilitate and improve instruction. CAI programs typically provide text or multimedia content, questions, problems, immediate feedback, and summaries of student performance. There are different types of CAI including drill-and-practice, tutorials, games, simulations, discovery approaches, and problem solving. CAI has advantages like one-on-one interaction, motivation, self-pacing, and providing feedback, but also limitations like feeling overwhelmed by information or learning becoming too mechanical.
Educational technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge and methods to improve the process of education. It has evolved over time from the use of early teaching aids to incorporate hardware like computers, software programs, and systems approaches. Modern educational technology also utilizes digital technologies, online learning platforms, virtual and augmented reality, and adaptive learning methods. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from cognitive science, computer science, psychology and other areas to enhance teaching and learning experiences.
Webinar conducted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University on the topic 'History, Politics and Economics of Education', handled by the Resource Person
Mr. S. Lenin,
Assistant Professor,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli- 627 012
This document discusses using technology in education. It defines educational technology as the development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques, and aids to improve the learning process. The objectives of educational technology include transmitting information, assisting skill practice, providing feedback, and reaching more students. When using technology in the classroom, it should be aligned with educational goals, accessible to students, include assessment guidance, and reinforce teaching rather than replace it.
Personalized System of Instruction(PSI)Keller planSuresh Babu
Suresh Babu G is a lecturer in general education at MGUCTE Nedumkandam. The document provides his name and title as well as the name of the institution where he works as a lecturer in general education.
This document discusses educational technology, including its definitions, objectives, and forms. Educational technology is defined as applying scientific knowledge and learning principles to improve teaching effectiveness and efficiency. Its objectives are to modernize teaching methods, make instruction easier to understand, and help modify teacher and student behaviors. Educational technology includes instructional technology, teaching technology, and other approaches. It distinguishes between hardware technology, which uses physical machines to aid teaching, and software technology, which focuses on instructional theories. The document provides examples of both and compares their principles, media used, teaching aids, and examples.
This document discusses the hardware and software approaches to educational technology. The hardware approach uses electro-mechanical equipment for instructional purposes and includes technologies like radios, TVs, and film projectors. The software approach, also called management technology, is based on behavioral sciences and psychology of learning and produces programmed learning materials and teaching strategies. Key differences are that hardware has its origins in physical sciences while software stems from behavioral sciences, and hardware provides direct services while software helps produce materials. Both approaches individualize instruction, use multimedia, manage education efficiently, and fulfill expectations of distance learning.
THE NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY & EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNINGEk ra
The document discusses educational technology and learning. It begins by outlining 12 learning objectives related to understanding educational technology concepts. It then discusses various theories of learning, including behavioral, cognitive, and Gestalt approaches. Key aspects covered include Pavlovian and Skinnerian conditioning, problem-solving perspectives in Gestalt theory, and Lewin's field theory of learning as influenced by personal and environmental factors. The role of reinforcement and consequences in shaping behavioral and cognitive learning processes is also addressed.
The document outlines three phases of teaching: pre-active (planning), interactive (execution), and post-active (evaluation). It also describes three levels of teaching: memory (thoughtless), understanding (thoughtful), and reflective (upper thoughtful). At the memory level, the goal is factual recall and reproduction. The understanding level aims for comprehension, interpretation, and application. The highest reflective level focuses on developing critical thinking through problem-solving, analysis, and independent decision making. Different teaching methods and evaluations are used depending on the specific phase and level being targeted.
School's Readiness for Inclusion ( B.Ed )Dr.Amol Ubale
The document discusses school readiness and the infrastructure needed for inclusion of students with diverse needs. It defines school readiness as having three key areas: children's readiness for school, schools' readiness for children, and family/community support. Five essential elements of school readiness are identified. The document also discusses the infrastructure and accessibility required to include students with various disabilities like visual impairment, deaf/hard of hearing, intellectual disability, physical disability, mental health conditions, and more. Features like accessible buildings, specialized learning materials, assistive devices, and therapy units are highlighted.
The Importance of Educational Technology kristhel13
Technology improves education in several key ways. It makes learning more engaging and interactive through new methods. Technology also allows students to improve their skills and increase collaboration by working with others remotely. The use of technology reduces the materials students need to carry and expands the resources available for both teachers and students online. Some students learn better when able to set their own pace, and online education is now an accredited, credible option. Overall, technology and education work well together when used for the right reasons to revolutionize learning.
Instructional technology is a subset of educational technology concerned with instruction and achieving specific learning objectives. It analyzes content by dividing it into elements that can be presented independently in a logical sequence with appropriate reinforcement. Instructional technology assumes content can be broken down, external learning conditions can be created, and students can learn at their own pace without a teacher. It helps teachers and learners by setting objectives, choosing instructional materials, media and methods, creating an optimal learning environment, and facilitating evaluation.
The document discusses curriculum transaction and modes of curriculum transaction. It defines curriculum transaction as the effective implementation of curriculum contents based on the objectives. There are two main modes of curriculum transaction: face-to-face and distance. Face-to-face involves direct interaction between teachers and learners through lectures, discussions, etc. Distance mode does not involve direct contact and uses mediums like print, audio, video for instruction. Recently, interactive television and online platforms like Zoom, Google Meet, and YouTube Live have also been used for curriculum transaction during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Teacher role in curriculum construction ShamanthaCS
The document discusses the teacher's role in curriculum construction, outlining the three main steps: 1) Planning which involves determining educational goals and objectives, 2) Implementation which is delivering instruction according to the planned curriculum, and 3) Evaluation which assesses whether learning outcomes were achieved and provides feedback for improving the curriculum. The teacher submitted the topic paper for a seminar on knowledge and curriculum at JSS Mahavidyapeeta in Mysore.
The document discusses various committees and commissions related to teacher education in India, including the National Knowledge Commission. It provides information on the National Policy on Education of 1992 and 1986, the National Curriculum Framework of 2005, the Kothari Commission of 1964-1966, and the Secondary Education Commission of 1952-1953. It outlines the objectives, recommendations, and features of these policy bodies and commissions regarding India's education system, curriculum, and teacher training.
The document discusses the importance of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into teacher education and training in India. It notes that both pre-service and in-service teacher training are currently inadequate. ICT can help make teaching more engaging and dynamic, as well as help teachers develop new skills. However, effectively integrating ICT requires sufficient access to technology, high-quality digital content, and training teachers to use digital tools. The document provides examples of how ICT can be integrated into different subjects and outlines essential ICT skills and approaches for teachers.
- Educational technology refers to the systematic application of technology in the field of education. It comprises technology in education (use of hardware like audio-visual aids) and technology of education (software aspect like techniques and methodologies of teaching and learning).
- Educational technology has significance as it helps release the teacher from routine information giving, creates multi-media learning environments, and helps in better learning and retention. It includes instructional design, audiovisual media, learning processes, teaching strategies and evaluation techniques.
- Audio-visual aids appeal to multiple senses and can help improve retention of information from 10-90% depending on how many senses are engaged. They are classified as projected aids, non-projected aids, and activity aids.
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) refers to using computers to facilitate and improve instruction. CAI programs typically provide text or multimedia content, questions, problems, immediate feedback, and summaries of student performance. There are different types of CAI including drill-and-practice, tutorials, games, simulations, discovery approaches, and problem solving. CAI has advantages like one-on-one interaction, motivation, self-pacing, and providing feedback, but also limitations like feeling overwhelmed by information or learning becoming too mechanical.
Educational technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge and methods to improve the process of education. It has evolved over time from the use of early teaching aids to incorporate hardware like computers, software programs, and systems approaches. Modern educational technology also utilizes digital technologies, online learning platforms, virtual and augmented reality, and adaptive learning methods. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws from cognitive science, computer science, psychology and other areas to enhance teaching and learning experiences.
Webinar conducted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University on the topic 'History, Politics and Economics of Education', handled by the Resource Person
Mr. S. Lenin,
Assistant Professor,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli- 627 012
This document discusses using technology in education. It defines educational technology as the development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques, and aids to improve the learning process. The objectives of educational technology include transmitting information, assisting skill practice, providing feedback, and reaching more students. When using technology in the classroom, it should be aligned with educational goals, accessible to students, include assessment guidance, and reinforce teaching rather than replace it.
This document discusses using technology in education. It defines educational technology as the development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques, and aids to improve the learning process. The objectives of educational technology include transmitting information, assisting skill practice, providing feedback, and reaching more students. When using technology in the classroom, it should be aligned with educational goals, accessible to students, include assessment guidance, and reinforce teaching rather than replace it.
Educational technology is the backbone of the educational system. It is defined as the development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques, and aids to improve the process of human learning. It aims to maximize educational effects by controlling relevant factors like educational purposes, contents, teaching materials, methods, and the relationship between students and instructors. Educational technology has characteristics like including input, process, and output aspects of education. It emphasizes developing effective learning methods and techniques by applying scientific knowledge to education and training. It facilitates learning by controlling the environment, media, and methods. Educational technology provides many benefits like access to varied learning resources, immediacy to information, anytime learning, collaborative learning, multimedia learning approaches, authentic and up-to-date
This document summarizes 10 qualitative research articles related to teaching and learning in technical and vocational education. It provides brief summaries of each article's topic and findings. The articles cover a range of issues including mobile learning, integrating technology, interactive whiteboards, e-learning impacts, and staff perceptions of online teaching challenges. Research methods discussed include interviews, surveys, and qualitative data analysis software.
Our porfolio in educational technology2Salido Noel
This document provides an overview of students' portfolio in educational technology. It contains 3 sections:
1. Introduction of the students, Noel M. Salido and Rhea A. Manzano, who are 3rd year Bachelor of Secondary Education students at Palawan State University.
2. Definitions and objectives of educational technology which aims to provide education on using technology for instruction and impart learning experiences.
3. Discussions of key aspects of educational technology including whether technology is a boon or bane, its systematic approach to teaching, roles in learning, and Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience model of learning.
This document outlines an advanced certificate course on IT, web design, English communication skills, and pedagogy organized by the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research in Chennai, India. The 3-module, 6-week course aims to familiarize faculty with using technology in the classroom and improving communication skills. Teaching methods include lectures, field visits, group work, and a final project. The course schedule runs from May to June 2017.
Technology in Teaching and Learning : useful slides for the researchers, academicians and in any field of education at all levels of such as Primary, secondary, higher secondary, and higher education. Can be used both by the teachers as instructional materials, students as learning materials, researchers as references and reviews, and organizations for training purposes. Can be used as innovative teaching method, innovative instructional strategies in teaching contents. Also useful in teaching various subjects like Physics, chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Tamil, English and maths and other subjects. Involves EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Educational Technology-Objectives, Scope of Educational Technology, Technology in Education, Technology of Education, Teaching with technology, Technology Usage in the Classroom, Technology can enhance teaching and learning .
BEST PRACTICES FOR USING TECHNOLOGY ,
The understanding Knowledgebase of Teacher Education from the viewpoint of Schulman - Mr.Lenin, Faculty of MSU, Dept. of Education, Teacher Education Webinar Series 1
The document discusses Lee Schulman's contributions to teacher education, including popularizing the term "pedagogical content knowledge" and emphasizing the importance of both subject knowledge and pedagogical knowledge for teachers. It also summarizes Schulman's view that teacher education programs should combine both of these knowledge fields. Additionally, the document outlines different models of teacher education, such as behavioristic, competency-based, and inquiry-oriented models. It provides characteristics and examples of competency-based teacher education.
This document outlines various models of curriculum development that were discussed in a webinar series hosted by the Department of Education at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. It summarizes key aspects of different curriculum models including traditional, competency-based, social functions design, activities model, and outcome-based integrative models. It also describes the contemporary five-step model of curriculum development and the CIPP evaluation framework. Overall, the document provides an overview of different approaches to curriculum design and evaluation.
Approches of Educational Technology .pptxPoojaWalia6
The document discusses different approaches to educational technology, including hardware, software, and systems approaches. The hardware approach refers to using machines and devices to aid instruction, like teaching machines and audiovisual equipment. The software approach applies principles of learning and instructional design. The systems approach views education as a system and aims to efficiently manage components like curriculum, evaluation, teachers and students. Both hardware and software are interdependent and complement each other in individualizing instruction, using multimedia, and managing educational practices.
AN INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY.PdfJim Webb
This document provides an introduction to educational technology. It discusses the evolution of educational technology from oral teaching methods to modern digital classrooms. It defines educational technology as the systematic application of scientific knowledge about teaching and learning to improve efficiency. The document outlines several definitions of educational technology provided by experts and discusses the characteristics, nature, objectives and scope of the field.
The document discusses different teaching philosophies including teacher-centered, learner-centered, and ICT-centered philosophies. It outlines the skills and tools needed for effective technology integration in education, including computers, the internet, and digital techniques. The document argues that technology can enhance learning by allowing students more flexibility and control over what, when, where, and how they learn.
1. Educational technology refers to the application of scientific theories and principles to improve the quality of education. It involves using systems approaches and technology resources to promote effective teaching and learning.
2. Educational technology has many definitions as it is a broad field that includes learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning technologies. It focuses on improving communication skills and teaching approaches through strategic use of diverse media.
3. The objectives of educational technology are to identify educational needs, determine curriculum and strategies to achieve educational goals, develop appropriate teaching aids and equipment, and help extend educational opportunities to more learners through effective management of educational systems.
Educational technology refers to the application of scientific theories and principles to improve the quality of education. It involves using systems approaches and technology resources to promote high-quality teaching and learning. Educational technology has wide scope across educational administration, testing, and instructional processes. Its objectives at the macro level include identifying educational needs, developing curriculum and models for teaching and learning. At the micro level, its objectives focus on analyzing student characteristics, determining classroom objectives, organizing content, and evaluating teaching effectiveness.
Educational technology refers to the application of scientific theories and principles to improve the quality of education. It involves using systems approaches and technology resources to promote high-quality teaching and learning. Educational technology has wide scope across educational administration, testing, and instructional processes. Its objectives at the macro level include identifying educational needs, developing curriculum and models for teaching and learning. At the micro level, its objectives focus on analyzing student characteristics, determining classroom objectives, organizing content, and evaluating teaching effectiveness.
The document discusses the meaning, scope, and objectives of educational technology. It defines educational technology as the effective use of technological tools in learning, including various types of media and applications. The scope of educational technology is as wide as education itself, ranging from concrete educational processes to abstract ones. It covers using hardware/software and systems analysis. The major objectives of educational technology are to help achieve educational goals at both the macro level of developing curriculum and managing educational systems, and at the micro level of classroom teaching through identifying student needs, setting objectives, analyzing content, and evaluating effectiveness.
The document discusses educational technology from the perspectives of several students. It begins by introducing two students, Cristine Joy S. Tabligan and Kemraeni M. Parian, and their backgrounds. It then provides definitions and explanations of educational technology from various sources, emphasizing how it can engage and motivate learners. The document also discusses the roles and importance of technology in education, as well as its potential downsides when misused. At the end, the students reflect on what they learned about educational technology and its applications for future educators.
A webinar on 'Barriers and Facilitators of Inclusive Education' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
Dr V. Sasikala
Formerly Assistant Professor (T)
Department of Education
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli-12
The document outlines an event on planning and management of inclusive classrooms. It discusses key topics around inclusive education including curriculum adaptations, instructional strategies, infrastructure requirements, and more. The event aims to promote inclusive practices and address the diverse needs of all learners through collaborative partnerships between parents, professionals, teachers and schools.
A webinar on ' Concept of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
Dr. R. P. Deepa,
Assistant Professor,
NVKSD College of Education,
Attoor.
A webinar on 'Inclusive Education' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
Mrs.S.Kanthimathi,
Chairman,
Bharath Group of Institutions,
Tenkasi.
A webinar on 'Socialization and Education' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
Dr.A.Faritha Begam
Controller of Examinations
St.Ignatius College of Education
Palayamkottai
Ppt tirunevelli webinar 2020 july contribution of western schools of thoughtsWilliamdharmaraja
A webinar on ' SCHOOLS of WESTERN PHILOSOPHY ' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
Ms Kalpana Chavan
St. Xavier’s Institute of Education, Mumbai.
A webinar on ' sociology of education' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
T. Sahaya Mary
Research Scholar
Dept. of Education
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli
A webinar on 'Indian school of philosophy' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
A.Veliappan, Ph.D
Faculty, Department of Education
M.S.University, Tirunelveli, TN-627 012
Webinar conducted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University on the topic 'History, Politics and Economics of Education', handled by the Resource Person
Mrs. N. Rajalakshmi,
Former Vice Principal,
C.M.C. Matric. Hr. Sec. School,
Nagercoil- 629 004
Webinar conducted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University on the topic 'Perspectives of politics of education', handled by the Resource Person
J.Vinotha Jaya Kumari,
Alumnus of Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli- 627 012
This content consists of ' Assessment in Pedagogy of Education' presented by Dr. V. Sasikala Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. in the webinar series 4 hosted by the Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
1) The document discusses various concepts related to pedagogy and pedagogical analysis including critical pedagogy, organizing teaching, and andragogy.
2) It explains key stages and models of teaching like the memory, understanding, and reflective levels as well as principles of andragogy for adult learners.
3) The dynamic model of learner autonomy is presented which involves components like ownership of learning, self-motivation, and self-management that are important for self-directed learning.
This content consists of 'Andragogy and Assessment' presented by Dr. A. Veliappan, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tiruenelveli, Tamil Nadu. in the webinar series 4 hosted by the Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
This document discusses andragogy and assessment. It provides an overview of interaction analysis systems like Flanders' Interaction Analysis Category System and Galloway's System of Interaction Analysis. These systems are used to analyze and categorize classroom interactions between teachers and students. The document also discusses criteria for evaluating teacher effectiveness, including considering the product, process, and presage of teaching. Finally, it covers self-evaluation and peer evaluation tools like rubrics that can be used for teachers to assess their own or each other's performance.
This content consists of 'Counselling and Guidance' presented by Ms. V. Selva Meenakshi, Counselor, Charvi Wellness Center, Nagercoil as an invited resource person in the webinar hosted by the department of education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
In this content consists of 'Learning Theories', presented by Dr. S.S. Srinithi as an Invited Resource Person in the webinar hosted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
In this leaning resource consists of 'Approaches and Assessment of Intelligence' presented by Dr. R. Indra Mary Ezhilselvi as an Invited Resource Person in the Webinar hosted by Department of Education, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
In this learning resource of Growth, Development, and Personality which taught in the Webinar by Dr. Srinithi, conducted by the Department of Education, Manonmniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli.
Educational management and administration1 (1) (1) convertedWilliamdharmaraja
This document discusses educational administration and management. It defines educational administration as influencing students through qualified teachers to achieve long-term goals. Management is the application of theories to achieve educational objectives by allocating resources. Both administration and management involve planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, and controlling to fulfill educational goals. While administration focuses on setting policies and objectives, management focuses on implementing plans and policies. Overall, the document explores the concepts, approaches, functions, and relationship between educational administration and management.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli - 627012
Change in Management
Ms B. Viji
Research Scholar
Department of Education
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
1. WEBINAR SERIES – 5
Technology in/for Education
by
Dr S. R. Sundaravalli
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
Manonmanium Sundaranar University
Tirunelveli.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
2. Patron
Dr. K. Pitchumani, M.sc., Ph.D., D.sc.,
Hon’ableVice – Chancellor
Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University,
Tirunelveli - 627012
Tamilnadu.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
3. Organizing Secretary
Prof. B.William Dharmaraja,
Head, Department of Education
Dean Faculty of Arts
Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University,
Tirunelveli- 627012
Tamilnadu.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
4. Committee Members
Dr. A. Veliappan
Mr. Lenin
Dr. R. Sundaravalli
Committee Co-members
Ms. Rawoofu Nisha
Program Host
Mr. Gnanamuthujebaraj
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
5. CONTENT
Concept of Educational Technology (ET)
Information Technology
Communication Technology
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Instructional Technology
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
6. Applications of Educational Technology in formal, non formal informal
and inclusive education systems
Behaviorist, Cognitive and Constructivist Theories and their implications
to Instructional Design
Relationship between Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies
(for Small and Large groups & Formal and Non-formal groups)
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
7. Educational Technology
• Educational technology is the development, application and evaluation of systems,
techniques and aids to Improve human learning .(National Council for Educational
Technology for the United Kingdom (NCET, 1967).
• It is the application of modern skills and techniques to the requirement of education
and training. (Derik Unwin , 1969).
• Educational Technology is the form of detailed application of psychology of learning to
practical teaching problems. (John P. Dececco)
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
8. Teaching
Technology
Concept of Educational Technology
Approaches Based Applicability Based
Technology
in Education
(Hardware)
Technology
of Education
(Software)
System
Approach
ET
Behavioural
Technology
Instructional
Technology
ET
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
9. Teaching Technology
Planning of Teaching
Organization of teaching
Leading of teaching
Controlling of teaching
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
10. Instructional Technology
The instructional technology consists of the following content:
Meaning of I.T
Definition of Programmed instruction and its Origin
Structure of Linear programming and its Principles
Structure of Branching programming and its Principles.
Development of Programmed instruction material i. Planning, ii.
Writing frames, iii. Evaluation.
Learner Controlled instruction and CAI.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
11. Behavioral Technology
A teacher learns the following subject-matter (topics) under this
technology:
Meaning & definition of teacher behaviour.
Methods of observing teacher’s behaviour and its rating (speed).
The interpretation and evaluation of teacher behaviour.
Assumptions & theory of teacher behaviour.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
12. Topics Under Behavioural Technology
Models of classroom interaction.
Various techniques of developing teacher
behaviour such as,
(i) Team teaching
(ii) Interaction analysis techniques
(iii) Programmed instruction
(iv) Interaction Analysis Techniques
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
13. Instructional Technology
Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of
design, development, utilization, management, and
evaluation of processes and resources for learning .
Association for Educational Communications
and Technology (AECT) Seels, B. B., & Richey, R.
C. (1994).
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
14. Information Technology
• It first appeared in the Harvard Business
Review.-1958
• It is the design and implementation of
computer networks for data processing and
communication.
• IT involves installing, organizing, and
maintaining computer systems. It also
involves designing and operating databases
and networks.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
15. The Uses of Information Technology
Access to learning material
Continuous learning
Sharing of knowledge
Using audio and visual material as learning aids
Distance learning
Proper record keeping
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
16. The Tools Used for Information
Technology
Computers or laptops
1) Inkscape
2) Piktochart
3) Text2speech
4) Wikipedia
5) Prezi
6) Slideshare
7) Learn Fizz
8) Phet
9) Read.any.book.com
Smart board
YouTube
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
17. Communication Technology
When we use technical equipment in
communicating, it is called communication
technology .
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
18. Types of Communication
Types of communication technology include: email, texting,
instant messaging, social networking, tweeting, blogging and
video conferencing.
It is used for four distinct types
Human- to – human communication
Human- to- machine communication
Machine-to-human communication
Machine-to-machine communication
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
20. Wave Technology
Wave technology- Wave power is
the transport of energy by ocean
surface waves, and the capture of
that energy to do useful work
such as power generation, water
desalination, or the pumping of
water.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
21. Electronic Technology
Electronic Technology- Electronics technology is the
application of scientific theories and principles
in the design, production, installation, testing,
service, use, and control of electrical and
electronic parts, equipment and systems.
Electronics technology is used across all
industries, including commercial, residential,
and industrial. Technologists normally work as
members of "engineering teams" in applied
design, product development, installation,
maintenance, manufacturing, production, or
operations. Graduates may also work in
technical services including field engineering,
customer support, marketing, and sales.
Graduates work in a wide variety of industries
including manufacturing, utilities, and
telecommunications. Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
22. Graphic Technology
Graphic technologies encompasses the world of
print, everything from creating the design to
producing it in various forms on numerous
types of materials. The industry includes
electronic and traditional printing, publishing,
packaging, digital imaging, computer
graphics, website development, digital
photography, printable electronics and other
related areas.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
23. ICT
According to UNESCO “ICT is a
scientific, technological and
engineering discipline and
management technique used in
handling information, its
application and association with
social, economic and cultural
matters”
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
24. ICT in Education
• WWW
• Blended Learning
• E- Learning
• Group Discussion
• E- Module
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
25. Formal Educational System
• Formal education: the hierarchically structured,
chronologically graded ‘education system’, running
from primary school through the university and
including, in addition to general academic studies, a
variety of specialised programmes and institutions
for full-time technical and professional training.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
26. Application of ET in Formal Education
Function
Visual Technology Aid
Computer Technology Aid
Internet Technology Aid
Consideration
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
27. Non-Formal Educational System
• Non-formal education: any organized educational activity outside
the established formal system whether operating separately or as
an important feature of some broader activity, that is intended to
serve identifiable learning clienteles and learning objectives.
• Trends of ET/ICT in Non-formal Education: Mobile based learning,
Game based learning and WiMax Technology
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
28. Applications of Educational Technology in
Non-Formal Educational System
Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
Internet / Web Technologies
1.Digital Learning resources
2. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)
3. Computer Aided Assessment (CAA)
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
29. EMERGING TRENDS OF ICT IN
NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
• Mobile phones: Mobile learning means any sort of learning that happens when the learner is not at
a fixed, predetermined location, or learning that happens when the learner takes advantage of the
learning opportunities offered by mobile technologies.
• Game-based learning: It is a game that deals with applications that have defined learning
outcomes. Generally they are designed in order to balance the subject matter with the game play
• WiMax: It is a telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a
variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable(able to be carried or
moved easily) and fully mobile Internet access. WiMax provides high- capacity broadband wireless
access (BWA) across a larger geographical area than other available wireless technologies like
WiFi,
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
30. Informal Educational System
Informal education: the truly lifelong process whereby every individual acquires
attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from daily experience and the educative
influences and resources in his or her environment – from family and neighbours,
from work and play, from the market place, the library and the mass media.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
31. Applications of Educational Technology in
Informal Educational System
• Download e-books.
• Visit educational You tube channels.
• Enroll in online courses.
• Communicate with other learners.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
32. Inclusive Education Systems
Inclusive education is about ensuring access to quality
education for all students by effectively meeting their
diverse needs in a way that is responsive, accepting,
respectful and supportive. Students participate in the
education program in a common learning environment
with support to diminish and remove barriers and
obstacles that may lead to exclusion.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
33. Applications of Educational Technology in
Inclusive Educational System
Accessible Technology : Accessible electronic and information
technology is technology that can be used by people with a wide
range of abilities and disabilities. It includes “computer hardware and
software, operating systems, web-based information and applications,
telephones and other telecommunications products, video equipment
and multimedia products, information kiosks, and office products
such as photocopiers and fax machines.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
34. Applications of Educational Technology in
Inclusive Educational System
Accessible Technology : Accessible electronic and
information technology is technology that can be used by
people with a wide range of abilities and disabilities. It
includes “computer hardware and software, operating
systems, web-based information and applications,
telephones and other telecommunications products,
video equipment and multimedia products, and office
products such as photocopiers and fax machines.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
35. Assistive technology: Assistive
technology is any device, software, or
equipment that helps people work around
their challenges.
Some examples of assistive technology
are text-to-speech and word prediction.
Assistive technology includes low-tech
tools like pencil grips.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
36. Learning Theories
Learning theories are abstract
frameworks that describe how
knowledge is received and
processed during the learning
experience. Learning theory informs
the application of instructional
design through models.
Learning theories
Behaviourism Cognitivism Constructivism
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
37. Behavioral Learning Theory
Behavioral learning theory can be learning that occurs through the behavioral
response to environmentally sourced stimuli. The foundation of this theory is
built upon assumptions that "have little regard for the cognitive processing of
the learner involved in the task" . The assumptions take into account 3 criteria:
Instructional task
Environmental stimuli and
Repetition or rehearsal of the behavior.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
38. Classical Conditioning
(Ivan Pavlov)
Food Unconditioned Stimulus
Salivation Unconditioned Response (natural,
not learned)
Bell Conditioned Stimulus
Salivation Unconditioned Response
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
39. Operant Conditioning
( B. F. Skinner)
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
40. Implications to Instructional Design
Influential behaviorists, like Skinner and Pavlov, have jumpstarted
the interest in behavioral learning theory as a means to educate.
Applications of the theory were presented in the 1950s through the
advent of Skinner’s teaching machines. The machines were
comprised of a series of tasks to be completed by the learner—each
designed to ensure that the tasks are completed correctly in order to
move forward. The machines were inventive and based solely on
eliciting a positive response in the form of a behavior.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
41. Cognitive Learning Theory
The learning focus on the individual.
Learning as involving the reorganization of experiences
in order to make sense of stimuli from the environment.
An internal and active mental process, which develops in
a learner, increased mental capacity and skills in order to
learn better.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
42. Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
44. Implications to Instructional Design
Cognitive learning theory has made an impact on
the field of education with the formation of strategies
to enhance the storage and retrieval of data from
memory. The cognitive processing have played a
role in the formulation of strategies including
rehearsal, chunking and mnemonics.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
45. Implications to Instructional Design
• Rehearsal
– Rehearsal is widely used in many applications where learning is necessary,
particularly in educational settings. Various courses that require the rehearsal of
cognitively complex tasks, like a mathematics or science course, use rehearsal as a
means to assist the learners in processing the information to long-term memory.
• Chunking And Mnemonics
– Chunking is the process of grouping similar pieces of information together into a
"chunk" that can be sent to working memory for rehearsal and further processing.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
46. Constructivism Learning Theory
• Constructivism is ‘an approach to learning that
holds that people actively construct or make
their own knowledge and that reality is
determined by the experiences of the learner’
(Elliott et al., 2000).
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
47. Principles of Constructivism Learning
• Knowledge is constructed, rather than innate, or
passively absorbed.
• Learning is an active process.
• All knowledge is socially constructed.
• All knowledge is personal.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
48. Constructivist Theory (Jerome Bruner)
The learning is an active process in which
learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
The learner selects and transforms
information, constructs hypotheses, and
makes decisions, relying on a cognitive
structure to do so. Cognitive structure
provides meaning and organization to
experiences and allows the individual to “go
beyond the information given”.Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
49. Social Development Theory (Lev Vygotsky)
Every function in the child’s cultural
development appears twice: first, on
the social level, and later, on the
individual level; first, between people
(interpsychological) and then inside
the child (intrapsychological).
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
50. Implications
The implications that social learning theory has had on the field
itself. These include the use of models and establishing self-efficacy:
(i) Use of models - Models generally include a performance or
demonstration of an activity that leads the learner to interpret the
observation into useable information for processing.
(ii) Self-efficacy can be influenced by the design of lessons that allow for
learners to view others of similar ability succeeding at instructional
tasks.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
51. Instructional Strategies
Instructional strategies are techniques teachers use to
help students become independent, strategic learners.
These strategies become learning strategies when
students independently select the appropriate ones and
use them effectively to accomplish tasks or meet goals.
Instructional strategies can:
• motivate students and help them focus attention
• organize information for understanding and remembering
• monitor and assess learning.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
52. Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies
for Small and Large Groups
Complete tasks or projects :
complete tasks or projects. Tasks are structured so that each
group Cooperative learning involves students working in small
groups to member contributes to the completion of the task.
Success is based on the performance of the group rather than
on the performance of individual students.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
53. Think–pair–share
In think–pair–share, the teacher poses a topic or question. Students
think privately about the question for a given amount of time, usually
one to three minutes. Each student then pairs with a partner to
discuss the question, allowing students to clarify their thoughts.
Next, each pair has an opportunity to share their answers with the
whole class.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
54. Group discussions help students learn to articulate their views
and respond to opinions that differ from their own. Group
discussions may involve the whole class or a small group.
Groups of two to six students work well. Participating in group
discussions help students consider other people’s
perspectives and develop effective problem- solving skills.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
55. Independent study is an individualized learning experience that
allows students to select a topic focus, define problems or questions,
gather and analyze information, apply skills, and create a product to
show what has been learned. Independent study can be effectively
used in upper elementary and junior high health programs. This
learning strategy works best with students who have a high degree
of self- directedness and a mastery of basic research skills.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
56. • Brainstorming is an effective technique for
generating lists of ideas, and creating interest and
enthusiasm for new concepts or topics.
• Brainstorming provides teachers and students with
an overview of what students know and/or think
about a specific topic. Students can use
brainstorming to organize their knowledge and ideas.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
57. • Role-playing provides students with opportunities to
explore and practice new communication skills in a
safe, nonthreatening environment, express feelings,
and take on the role of another person by “walking in
another’s shoes.”
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
58. Venn diagrams compare and contrast information
about two or more objects, concepts or ideas. They
help students organize information and see
relationships. They can be used after such activities
as reading text, listening to a speaker or viewing a
film.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
59. Defending a position
Students can present their decisions in position
papers. This may be done individually, in pairs or in
small groups. Alternatively, students could
communicate their positions through oral
presentations or design posters.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
60. Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies
for Formal and Non-formal Groups
Mind maps
Mind mapping was developed in the early 1970s by British author
and brain researcher Tony Buzan. It is an easy way to represent
ideas using keywords, colours and imagery. Its nonlinear format
helps students generate and organize ideas. Students can record a
large amount of information on one piece of paper. Mind mapping
allows students to show connections between ideas.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
61. Buzz Groups
Give pairs, threes, fours or fives small
timed tasks which involve them talking to
each other, creating a hubbub of noise as
they work. Their outcomes can then be
shared with the whole group through
feedback, on a flip chart sheet poster, on
an overhead projector transparency or
otherwise as appropriate. Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
62. A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in
which most or all the information that learners work
with comes from the web. These can be created
using various programs, including a simple word
processing document that includes links to websites.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N
63. A panel discussion is a way to engage industry thought
leaders in dialogue regarding relevant topics in their
industry while an audience listens. Each panelist will
typically have their own differing opinions from the others
on the subject matter presented, which makes for a
thought-provoking and well-rounded discussion for the
audience to learn from and be entertained by.
Department of Education, Manonmaniam
Sundarnar University, Tirunelveli, T.N