The document discusses the key elements of a computer system including peopleware, hardware, and software. It describes peopleware as the users and professionals who interact with the system. Hardware is defined as the physical and tangible components like the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. Software is divided into operating system software and application software, with examples like Windows, Linux, and productivity programs. [END SUMMARY]

1. COMPUTERS – PART II

2. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Peopleware:
Hardware:
– Memory
– Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
– Control Unit
Software
– Operating Systems Software (OS)
• Server OS
• Client OS
– Application Software

3. Peopleware
This is the most important element of the
computer system.
It consists of any computer literate person. This
includes
– ordinary users and computer professionals- coders,
data entry clerks,
– programmers, system analysts, designers, operators,
etc.

4. Hardware
Is made up of the tangible parts of the computer system or
the physical components of the computer system. This
includes the monitor / visual display unit (VDU), keyboard,
mouse, and the systems unit (central processing unit). The
CPU is divided into three:
– Memory, which is used for storing data, information and
programs.
– Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): this is where arithmetic and
logical operations take place.
– Control Unit: controls and coordinates the activities of the
other components of the computer system.

5. Software
It is the programs that facilitate the usage of the computer. It is the intangible part
of the computer system. There are three basic types of software:
1. Operating Systems Software (OS)
Generalized programs that manage the resources of the computer. The most
important kind of the system software is the Operating System (which manages and
controls the activities of the computer and also enables us to run application
programmes).
– Server OS
• Windows Server 2000, 2003, 2008
• Linux Redhat
– Client OS
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Microsoft (windows ’95, windows ’98, Windows Me,
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8 etc.)
UNIX, OS/2,
Linux (Ubuntu),
Android 2.0, 4.0
Symbian, etc.

6. Software
2. Application Software:
Programs that perform specific tasks or functions. Type
of application programs include:
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–
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Word Processors
Electronic Spreadsheet
Database Management Systems
Desktop Publishing programs
Presentation Graphics
Utility Software
Edutainment Application
Entertainment Applications

7. Input Devices/Technologies
Keyboard:
Joystick:
Touchpad:
Scanners
– Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR):
– Optical mark recognition (OMR):
– Optical character recognition (OCR):

8. Output Devices/Technologies
 TFT (Thin film Transistor)
– LCD – Liquid crystal display
– LED – Light emission diode
 Impact printers
– A dot-matrix printer
– Line Printer
 Nonimpact Printers
– Laser printer
– Ink-jet printers
 A plotter
– Ink-jet plotter
– Electrostatic plotter

9. Storage Devices/Technologies
Diskette:
Pen/flush drive
Optical disks:
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CD-ROM disks (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)
CD-R disks (Compact Disk Recordable)
CD-RW disks (Compact Disk Re-Writable)
DVD/DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile/Video Disk Read Only
Memory)
Magnetic Drives (HardDisk, RAID)