The document summarizes the main internal and external hardware components of a computer system. It describes the functions of key external components like the mouse, monitor, and keyboard. It then discusses important internal components such as the power supply unit, hard disk drive, CPU, motherboard, and RAM. The motherboard section specifically outlines the functions of the expansion slots, RAM slots, chipsets, BIOS, and ports that connect the various internal and external components.

1. COMPUTER
HARDWARE
PARTS& FUNCTIONS
BY:RAYLAURENZT.MONTEROLA

2. ExternalComponents

3. Mouse
The mouse is apointing
device that sendscontrol
signals intothe computer.
It is used to move the
cursor (usually arrowicon)
on the screen and to
perform clickactions.
Back

4. Monitor
It is used to display data
in visual form (which can
only beseen).Theimages
it display are where the
user getsinformation.
Back

5. Keyboard
This contains set of keys
that are used to input
characters (letters,
numbers) and control
signals intothe computer.
Back

6. Automatic VoltageRegulator
It protects the computer
from changes in the
electricity that may
damage the computer
components. Itregulates
the voltage that goes to
the computer.
Back

7. SystemUnit
It serves asacontainer of
the computer’s internal
parts (motherboard,CPU,
etc.)
Back

8. THEINTERNAL
COMPONENTS

9. InternalComponents

10. Power SupplyUnit
It converts the main
alternating currentinto
low-voltage directcurrent
that is supplied to other
parts.
Apower supply unit has
its ownfan.

11. Hard DiskDrive
It is the main storage
deviceof the computer. It
is wheremost of the files
of the computer (such as
the ones found in
Desktop) arestored.

12. Optical DiscDrive
It readsor writes data into
optical discs (CD,DVD,
Blu-ray Disc).

13. Random AccessMemoryModule
It is the temporary
storage device of the
computer. It is used to
hold the data that the
computer is workingon.
The black rectanglesare
called RAMchips.

14. Central ProcessingUnit
This is referred to asthe
computer’s brain asit
doesthe processingjob of
the computer.This means
that it is responsible for
manipulating thedata.

15. CPUFanand Heatsink
These two components
work together in keeping
the CPUfrom
overheating.Themetal is
called the heatsink asit
conducts heat from the
CPUwhile the CPUfan
blows the air to the
heatsink.
See nextslidetoknow the
airflow

17. SystemFan
This is found at the left
side panel and the back
panelof the system unit.
It directs the flow of air in
the systemunit.

19. Motherboard
It is the main circuit board
of the computer that
connects all otherparts.

20. PARTSOFTHE
MOTHERBOARD

21. ExpansionSlots
These are where the
expansion cards such as
modem card andgraphics
card are installed. These
are different types of
slots.

22. RAMSlots
Thesearewhere the RAM
modules areinstalled.

23. Northbridge
Located between theCPU
socket, Expansion slots,
and RAMslots.
It coordinates the flow of
data between the CPU,
graphics card, andRAM

24. Southbridge
Located below the
expansion slots,the
Southbridge handles allof
the computer’s
input/output functions.

25. Thelocation of the two Chipsets

26. BIOSChip
It stands for Basic
Input/Output System.
Itcontains the program
that checks devices to
know if the computer is
ready to startup.

27. CMOSRAM
It is the one that holds
data usedby the BIOSor
OperatingSystem.These
data includes time, date,
BIOSpassword.

28. CMOSBattery
It provides the power
used by the CMOSRAM
sothat even when the
computer is off, the
CMOSRAM can still keep
data (this meanstime and
date will not bereset).

29. Back PanelPorts
Located at the backof the
motherboard. This is
where most of the
computer peripherals are
connected. These
peripherals include the
keyboard, mouse, and
printer.

30. Front PanelHeaders
It is mostly located at the
left and front side of the
motherboard. Most
computers have three
front panel headers:
system panel headers,
audio headers, USB
headers.

31. CPUSocket
It iswhere theCPUis
installed.

32. 20+4PinATXMain PowerConnector
It is where the 20+4Pin
ATXMain Power
Connector ofthe PSUis
connected.

33. 4 PinATX12VPowerConnector
It is where the 4 Pin ATX
12VPower Connector of
the PSUisconnected.

34. CPUFan Header
It is where theCPUfan is
connected to get its
power.