2. • A computer is an
electronic device
that can perform
many operations
in accordance with
a set of
instructions called
program..

3. INPUT UNIT
CPU
(Central Processing
Unit)
OUTPUT
UNIT
THE
MEMORYArithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Control Unit
(CU)

4. • Input Unit
• convert data and instructions
into electronic form for input
into the computer.
• E.g.: Keyboard, mouse,
OMR(Optical Mark
Reader)etc.
• Output Unit
• convert electronic data
produced by the computer
system and display them in a
form that people can
understand.
• E.g.: printer, plotter,
VDU(Visual Display Unit), etc.

5. • The CPU
• manipulates raw data into
more useful form and controls
the other parts of the computer
system.
• The ALU performs the
computer’s principal logical and
arithmetic operations.
• The CONTROL UNIT
coordinates and controls the
other parts of the computer
system.
• The Memory
• A memory cell can be
defined as a device which can
store a symbol selected from a
set of symbols.
• Unit of memory is byte.
• 1byte = 8bits

6. Hardware consists of 5 primary components:
INPUT
DEVICES
CPU
MEMORY
OUTPUT
DEVICES
STORAGE
DEVICES

7. Software is classified into 3 categories:
OPERATING
SYSTEM
LANGUAGE
PROCESSOR
APPLICATION
SYSTEM

8. • Computer System consists
of:
1. The hardware
2. The operating system
3. The application software
4. The human ware(users)

9. 1. Manages and Interacts with Computer Hardware
2. Provides and Manages System Security
3. Provides the System Interface
4. Provides the Interface for Application Software
5. Program creation
6. Program execution
7. Input/output operations
8. Error detection
9. Resource allocation
10.Protection

10. • Language processors are given below:
i. Assembler: converts program written in assembly
language to machine language.
ii. Interpreter: converts a HLL program to machine
language by converting and executing it line by
line.
iii. Compiler: converts the HLL program to machine
language by converting it in one go and report all
the errors by line.

11. • Customised Application software: it is
developed to meet all the requirements
specified by the user. However it cannot be
directly installed on any other computer as
the requirement may differ.
• General Application software: it is
developed by keeping all the general
requirements in mind required to carry out
a specific task.

12. Strength
I. Speed
II. High storage
III. Accuracy
IV. Reliability
V. versatility
Weakness
I. Lack of decision of
power making
II. IQ zero

13. 1. ABACUS(3000BC)
2. NAPIER’ S LOGS AND BONES(1662)
3. PASCALS ADDING MACHINE(1642)
4. LEIBNITZ COMPUTER(1671)
5. JACQUARDS LOOM(1801)
6. BABBAGES DIFFERENCE ENGINE(1822)
7. BABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE(1833)
8. HOLLERITHS MACHINE(1887)
9. MARK-1(1943)

15. 3RD GENERATION 4TH GENERATION
5TH GENERATION

16. • ENIAC(1946)-----------
• EDVAC(1950)----------
• EDSAC(1949)----------
• UNIVAC-1(1951)------
• Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Calculator
• Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic
Computer
• Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic Computer

17. ENIAC

18. EDVAC

19. EDSAC

20. UNIVAC

21. • KEY FEATURES OF SAME:
1. Transistor replaced vacuum tube
2. Smaller compared to 1st generation
3. Generate less heat
4. Low electricity consumption
5. More reliable and faster
6. Core memory developed
7. Magnetic tapes and disks used
8. First operating systems developed

22. Model Size Area of application
IBM 1401 Small to medium Business
IBM 1620 Small Scientific
IBM 7094 Large Scientific and business
CDC 1604 Medium to Large Scientific
CDC 3600 Large Scientific
RCA 501 Medium Business
UNIVAC 1108 Large Scientific and business

24. THANK
YOU
SEERAT &&&&
TANIYA