ADDRESSING: to uniquely identity each host or computer or device participating in network. This is called addressing. Network addressing are designed to be unique identifiers across the network.

1. Assignment 3
Course title : Computer Network
Course code: CSE 317
Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer, Department of CSE
City University
Submitted by:
Ali Hossen Howlader
ID:1834902571
Bsc in cse(day)
Batch: 49th

2. NETWORK SOFTWARE
 Difference between Apps and Software:
Apps Software
Application software is a package
to perform a specific task.
Software is a set of instructions or data
that operates the hardware.
It is a type of software that does a
certain task.
It is an encompassing term for computer
data.
Application software os always
executable.
Software may executable or may not be.
Application software need user
interaction for functioning.
Software does not need user interaction
for functioning.
Application software is operation
system based.
Software is not often operating system
based.

3.  Difference between hardware, firmware and
software
HARDWARE FIRMWARE SOFTWARE
Physical elements
of a computer or
electronic system.
Firmware is a special form of
software that enables a
device to perform function
without need of installing
additional software.
A collection of instructions
that tells the computer
how to perform a task.
It has 4 main
categories: input
devices, output
devices, secondary
storage devices and
internal component
.
It is a program code stored
in hardware devices,
typically in non volatile
memory such as red only
memory or flash memory.
Mainly divided into system
software and application
software.
Developed using
electronics and
others materials.
Firmware gives life to the
hardware devices,
programming it to give
instruction in order to
communicate with other
devices and perform basic
input/output task.
Developed by writing
instructions using a
programing language.
Example : keybord
,mouse,monitor
RAM, ROM, CPU
A basic input/output system
chip is a common example.
Example: ms word, excel,
mssql,ect.

4. Difference between system software and application software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE
It designed to provide a
platform to other software.
It designed to perform a group of
coordinated function or task for benifit
It runs when the system
starts and runs till the end.
Runs when the user required.
Developed using language
like c++, c, Assembly.
Developed using languages like C, C++,
visual basic.
Essential for the proper
functioning of a system.
Not extremely important for the
functioning of the system
Example : language
processor, operating system.
Example: spreadsheet, web browsers,
word processor, ect.

5. ADDRESSING: to uniquely identity each host or computer or
device participating in network. This is called addressing. Network
addressing are designed to be unique identifiers across the network.
There are two types of addressing:
 Physical addressing : MAC addressing
 Logical addressing : IP addressing
MAC ADDRESS: A MAC addressing is a hardware identification number
that uniquely each device on a network. The MAC addressing is
manufactured into every network card, such as an Ethernet card or
WiFi card and therefore cant be changed.
IP ADDRESS: An internet protocol address is a numerical label assigned
to each device connected to computer network that uses the internet
protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions:
 Host or network interface identifier
 Location addressing
There are two version of IP addressing:
a. IPv4: IPv4 defines an IP address as a 32 bit number.
b. IPv6: IPv6 is a new version , using 128 bits of IP address.
CLASSES OF IPv4:
 CLASS A: the first bit of the octal is always set zero.
 Class A address only include IP starting 1 to 126 only.

6. Loopback IP address: An address that sends outgoing signals back to
the same computer for testing. The loopback address allows a network
administrator to treat the local machine as if it were a remote machine.
 CLASS B: An IP address which belongs to class B has the first two
two bits.
It’s range is 128 to 191.
 CLASS C: the IP address range is 192 to 223.
 CLASS D: it’s range is 224 to 239. It is reserved for multicasting.
 CLASS E: it’s range is 240 to 255. It is reserved for experimental
purpose only for R & D or study.