Topology

1. Assignment:
Assignment name: classification of computer network
Course tittle:computer network
Course code: CSE 318
Submitted to:
pranab Bandhu nath
senior Lecturer, Department of CSE
City university, Dhaka
Submitted by
Md parvez
Id: 184902610
Bsc in cse(day)
Batch :49th
Physical topology is the geometric
representation of all the nodes in a network.

2. Bus Topology
o The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are
connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable.
o Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly
connected to the backbone cable.

3. o When a node wants to send a message over the network, it puts a message
over the network. All the stations available in the network will receive the
message whether it has been addressed or not.
o The bus topology is mainly used in 802.3 (ethernet) and 802.4 standard
networks.
o The configuration of a bus topology is quite simpler as compared to other
topologies.
o The backbone cable is considered as a "single lane" through which the
message is broadcast to all the stations.
o The most common access method of the bus topologies is CSMA (Carrier
Sense Multiple Access).
Ring Topology
In ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly two other machines, creating a
circular network structure. When one host tries to communicate or send message to a
host which is not adjacent to it, the data travels through all intermediate hosts. To
connect one more host in the existing structure, the administrator may need only one
more extra cable.

4. Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring.Thus, every connection in the ring
is a point of failure. There are methods which employ one more backup ring.
TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also
called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.
Features of Tree Topology
1. Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
2. Used in Wide Area Network.
Advantages of Tree Topology
1. Extension of bus and star topologies.
2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily managed and maintained.

5. 4. Error detection is easily done.
Star Topology :
? In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This
hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node. The
hub can be passive? in nature i.e., not intelligent hub such as broadcasting devices, at
the same time the hub can be intelligent known as active? hubs. Active hubs have
repeaters in them.
Mesh Topology :
In a mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via the particular
channel.

6. Figure 1: Every device is connected with another via dedicated channels. These
channels are known as links.
 If suppose, N number of devices are connected with each other in a mesh
topology, the total number of ports that are required by each device is? N-1. In
Figure 1, there are 5 devices connected to each other, hence the total number of
ports required is 4.
 If suppose, N number of devices are connected with each other in a mesh
topology, then a total number of dedicated links required to connect them is N
C2 i.e.
N(N-1)/2. In Figure 1, there are 5 devices connected to each other, hence the total
number of links required is 5*4/2 = 10.
Advantages of this topology :
 It is robust.
 The fault is diagnosed easily. Data is reliable because data is transferred among
the devices through dedicated channels or links.
 Provides security and privacy.
Problems with this topology :
 Installation and configuration are difficult.
 The cost of cables is high as bulk wiring is required, hence suitable for less number
of devices.
 The cost of maintenance is high.
What Is Hybrid Topology?
Hybrid topologies combine two or more different topology structures—the
tree topology is a good example, integrating the bus and star layouts.

7. Hybrid structures are most commonly found in larger companies where individual
departments have personalized network topologies adapted to suit their needs and
network usage.
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
The main advantage of hybrid structures is the degree of flexibility they provide,
as there are few limitations on the network structure itself that a hybrid setup
can’t accommodate.

8. Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
However, each type of network topology comes with its own disadvantages, and
as a network grows in complexity, so too does the experience and know-how
required on the part of the admins to keep everything functioning optimally.
There’s also the monetary cost to consider when creating a hybrid network
topology.
Reference
https://beginnersbook.com/2019/03/computer-network-topology-
mesh-star-bus-ring-and-hybrid/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_ne
twork/computer_network_topologies.htm
https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-topologies
https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/network-
topology-types
https://www.dnsstuff.com/what-is-network-topology
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-network-topology/