The document discusses different types of network topologies, including physical topology, logical topology, bus topology, ring topology, star topology, tree topology, hybrid topology, and mesh topology. It provides details on the characteristics of each topology type, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key information discussed includes how each topology arranges the connection of nodes in a network and how data flows through the network.

1. Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Submitted By:
Sujon Kumar Dey
ID No: 1834902519
Section B
Program: CSE (Day)
Class Note: 07
Course: Computer Networks
Course Code: CSE 317
Date of Submission: 29/05/2021
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2. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Network Topology:
Topology is a greek word, Here topo means 'place' and logy means
'study'.Topology means the arrangement of nodes in the network. So topology
defers how the network is connected physically and how to flow the data to the
network.
Types of Network Topology:
In network, there are mainly two types of topologies:
1. Physical Topology
2. Logical Topology
Physical Topology: Physical topology means the placement of the various nodes in
the network.
Logical Topology: Logical topology means the deals with the data flow in the
network.
Let’s know about all the network topology:
1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Tree Topology
5. Hybrid Topology
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3. 6. Mesh Topology
Bus Topology:
A bus topology is a topology for Local Area Network (LAN). It’s a unidirectional
network, so it’s can send/transfer the date from one point to another point in a
single direction.
Here all nodes are connected with one transmission medium. It's also called the
backbone. Bus topology is easy to install. Here is not need much cabling compared
to other topology.
Advantage of Bus Topology:
1. Bus topology is most easy to install, compare to other topology.
2. Need a minimum number of cables.
3. Length of the cable is less than the star topology.
4. Easy to add or remove any devices in the network.
5. Easy to understand.
Disadvantage of Bus Topology:
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4. 1. Not efficient or effective for large networks.
2. If the backbone cable damage, the total network will be drop.
3. Network is slow compare to other topologies.
4. If the network drop, identify the problem is very hard.
5. Troubleshooting for every individual device takes time, and hard.
Ring Topology:
Ring topology is a network like a ring. That means the network structure of the
ring topology is like a ring. In-ring topology, every node has a repeater. It’s a
unidirectional network.
It creates a circular data path. Ring topology can be used on creating a Local Area
Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN), but it depends on the network
card.
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5. Advantage of Ring Topology:
1. Ring topology is cheap and easy to install.
2. Speed of the ring topology is high.
3. Easy to manage the network.
4. Optimize performance during heavy traffic compared to other topologies.
5. Equal access to the resource for all nodes.
Disadvantage of Ring Topology:
1. Unidirectional, so a token must pass through all the nodes.
2. Slower performance compares to bus topology.
3. Remove or adding node is hard and make an issue on network activity,
4. Full network depends on a single cable. So if one device damage, it's down the
network.
5. Difficult to troubleshoot.
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6. Star Topology:
Star topology is best for Local Area Network (LAN). In star topology, all nodes are
connected with a central connection port. This port can be a switch or a hub. Star
topology needs many cables to compare with bus or ring topology. But if one cable
damage, other nodes are still connected to the network, so it’s not down the central
network.
Advantage of Star Topology:
1. Star topology is reliable.
2. Easy to troubleshooting.
3. Speedy and optimized performance compare to other topology.
4. No data collisions.
5. Easy to add or remove node.
Disadvantage of Star Topology:
1. Require more cables compare to other topology.
2. Require extra hardware, like hub, switch.
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7. 3. Expensive.
4. If central server like hub or switch down, it's fail entire network.
5. Regular maintanance need.
Tree Topology:
Tree topology has a special structure, because in a tree topology there is a mixed
characteristics of Star and Bus topology. In tree topology every nodes are
connected with a root node, that's actually work as star topology which is
connected using bus topology.
All nodes are connected to root node with maintain a hierarcy. So sometimes Tree
topology call as hierarchical topology. Also due to use bus and star mixed topology
it's call Star Bus topology.
Advantage of Tree Topology:
1. Mutual combination of bus and star topology.
2. Hierarchical management.
3. Easy management for troubleshooting.
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8. 4. If any node damage, other nodes will work.
5. Easy to add or remove node.
Disadvantage of Tree Topology:
1. Hard to understand the topology.
2. Due to large nodes, it's work slow.
3. Not cost effective.
4. If backbone cable or root node damage, hole network will be fail.
5. Large nodes are hard to manage.
Hybrid Topology:
Hybrid topology is the combination of all topology. So we can say combination of
two or more topology is the hrbrid topology. Hybrid topology can be includes with
Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh Topology.
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9. Hybrid topology is mainly use for a busines, school, college, university with their
desire requirement.
There are serveral types of hybrid topology. It's depend on requirement and
performance. Here we have written most used two type hybrid topology.
Star-Ring Hybrid Topology: Star-Ring Hybrid Topology is the combination of
star and ring topology. There can be two or more ring and star topology.
Star-Bus Hybrid Topology: Star-Bus Hybrid Topology is the combination of star
and bus topology. It's include two or more Star and Bus topology.
Advantage of Hybrid Topology:
1. Hybrid Topology is reliable compare to other topology.
2. It's flexible to use, you can customize as per requirement.
3. Good performance on large network.
4. Troubleshooting is easy.
5. Easy to add or remove nodes.
Disadvantage of Hybrid Topology:
1. Most expensive.
2. Make a hybrid network is complex.
3. Installation and setup process is hard.
4. Need to maintanance work.
5. Require lots of cable.
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10. Mesh Topology:
Mesh topology is the network where each and every node is connected with every
node. This topology is most reliable compare to down issue in other topology. If
one or more nodes damage, the network is still connect between other nodes in
mesh topology.
There are two types mesh topology. This are:
Fully connected Mesh Topology: In full connected mesh, every nodes are
connected with every nodes.
Partially connected Mesh Topology: It's not require to connection between all
nodes, when it's a partially connected mesh topology. Peripheral network are
connected using partial mesh.
Advantage of Mesh Topology:
1. Not down the network with damage single node.
2. Identify problem or troubleshooting is direct.
3. Security and privacy is high.
4. Adding or remove nodes easy, it's not down the network.
5. High performance with maximum traffic.
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11. Disadvantage of Mesh Topology:
1. Most expensive compare to Star, Bus, Ring Topology.
2. Complex to understand.
3. Maximum cabling need.
4. Not easy to install.
5. Maintaining is costly and time consuming.
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