A computer network connects computers together to share resources like files, printers and emails. It uses network hardware, media, protocols and an operating system to enable communication between connected computers. There are different types of networks including personal area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks. Windows Server 2008 is a widely used network operating system that provides services like Active Directory for user account management, DNS for name resolution, and DHCP for dynamic IP address assignment. It also enables remote access to computers through terminal services and supports joining additional computers to the domain network.

2. Definition:
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A a computer network is a group of
computers that are connected together to
communicate and share resource such as
files , printers , and emails. Networks include
network media , such as a cable , to carry
network data ; network adapter hardware to
translate the data between the computers
and the network media ; an network
operating system to enable the computer
recognize the network ; and network protocol
to control the network communication.

3. TYPES OF NETWORK :
1.Personal area network (PAN)
2.Local area network (LAN)
3.Metropolitan area network
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(MAN)
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4.Wide area network (WAN)

4. 1-LAN

5. 2- WAN

6. 3-MAN

7.  Network topologies :
1-Star topology

8. 
2- Bus Topology

9. 3- Ring Topology

10. 4- Mesh Topology :

11. • Logical Topologies :
1- Work Group Model.

12. 2- Client /Server Model :

13. TCP/IP protocol :
Transmission control/internet protocol is an
nonproprietary , routable network protocol
that enable computers to communicate over
all types of network.
 IP address :
 An IP address is a 32 binary number
assigned to a computer on a TCP/IP network
. some of the bits represent the network
segment ; the other bits represent the
computer or node itself and it is separated by
dots into 8 bits octets.
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14. • Network Operating
System:
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Windows server 2008 :
Is a network operating system released by Microsoft in 2008 and
is widely used in LAN network. Windows Server 2008, built
with web and virtualization technologies, is the most robust,
secure, and reliable foundation on which to develop, deliver,
and manage rich user experiences and applications

15. Active Directory Domain Services:
A directory is a hierarchical structure that stores
information about objects on the network. A
directory service, such as AD DS, provides
the methods for storing directory data and
making this data available to network users
and administrators. For example, AD DS
stores information about user accounts, such
as names, passwords, phone numbers, and
so on, and enables other authorized users on
the same network to access this information
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16. DNS
DNS is a name resolution protocol for TCP/IP
networks, such as the Internet or an
organization network. A DNS server hosts the
information that enables client computers to
resolve easily recognized, alphanumeric DNS
names to the IP addresses that computers
use to communicate with each other.
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17. 
DNS
DNS is a name resolution protocol for TCP/IP
networks, such as the Internet or an
organization network. A DNS server hosts the
information that enables client computers to
resolve easily recognized, alphanumeric DNS
names to the IP addresses that computers use
to communicate with each other.

18.  DHCP
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DHCP is an IP standard for simplifying management
of host IP configuration. The DHCP standard provides
for the use of DHCP servers as a way to manage
dynamic allocation of IP addresses and other related
configuration details for DHCP-enabled clients on your
network.
Every computer on a TCP/IP network must have an
unique IP address. The IP address (together with its
related subnet mask) identifies both the host computer
and the subnet to which it is attached. When you
move a computer to a different subnet, the IP address
must be changed. DHCP allows you to dynamically
assign an IP address to a client from a DHCP server
IP address database on your local network.
For TCP/IP-based networks, DHCP reduces the
complexity and amount of administrative work involved
in reconfiguring computers

19. Terminal services :
With Terminal Services, organizations can provide
access to Windows®-based programs from almost any
location to almost any computing device.
 There are two modes of terminal services :
 Terminals services session
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 Disconnect session
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If the session is disconnected all programs will
continue in the background and the user can reconnect
to same session
 Logoff session
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If the session is logged off then all programs will be
closed and next time new session will be established

20. Network deployment :
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Configurations and installations :
A-IP configuration :
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To configure a static IP address on a computer running
Windows Server 2008
1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. In Control Panel, verify that Classic View is selected,
and then double-click Network and Sharing Center.
3. In Network and Sharing Center, in Tasks, click
Manage Network Connections.
4. In Network Connections, right-click the network
connection that you want to configure, and then click
Properties.
5. In Local Area Connection Properties, in This
connection uses the following items, select Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), and then click Properties.
The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
dialog box opens.
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21. Joining Computers to the Domain
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To join computers running Windows Server 2008 and
Windows Vista to the domain:
1. Log on to the computer with the local Administrator
account.
2. Click Start, right-click Computer, and then click Properties.
The System dialog box opens.
3. In Computer name, domain, and workgroup settings, click
Change settings. The System Properties dialog box opens.
Note
On computers running Windows Vista®, before the System
Properties dialog box opens, the User Account Control dialog
box opens, requesting permission to continue. Click Continue
to proceed.
4. Click Change. The Computer Name/Domain Changes
dialog box opens.
5. In Computer Name, in Member of, select Domain, and then
type the name of the domain you want to join. For example, if
the domain name is example.com, type example.com.
6. Click OK. The Windows Security dialog box opens.

22. 7. In Computer Name/Domain Changes, in User
name, type the user name, and in Password, type
the password, and then click OK. The Computer
Name/Domain Changes dialog box opens,
welcoming you to the domain. Click OK.
 8. The Computer Name/Domain Changes dialog
box displays a message indicating that you must
restart the computer to apply the changes. Click
OK.
 9. On the System Properties dialog box, on the
Computer Name tab, click Close. The Microsoft
Windows dialog box opens, and displays a
message, again indicating that you must restart the
computer to apply the changes. Click Restart Now.
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23. 
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6. In Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties, on the
General tab, click Use the following IP address. In IP address,
type the IP address that you want to use.
7. Press tab to place the cursor in Subnet mask. A default
value for subnet mask is entered automatically. Either accept
the default subnet mask, or type the subnet mask that you
want to use.
8. In Default gateway, type the IP address of your default
gateway.
9. In Preferred DNS server, type the IP address of your DNS
server. If you plan to use the local computer as the preferred
DNS server, type the IP address of the local computer.
10. In Alternate DNS Server, type the IP address of your
alternate DNS server, if any. If you plan to use the local
computer as an alternate DNS server, type the IP address of
the local computer.
11. Click OK, and then click Close.

24. Creating of Users Accounts in Active Directory:
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To create a user account
1. Click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click
Active Directory Users and Computers. The Active
Directory Users and Computers MMC opens. If it is not
already selected, click the node for your domain. For
example, if your domain is example.com, click
example.com.
2. In the details pane, right-click the folder in which
you want to add a user account.
Where?
• Active Directory Users and Computers/domain
node/folder
3. Point to New, and then click User.
4. In First name, type the user's first name.
5. In Initials, type the user's initials.
6. In Last name, type the user's last name.

25. 7. Modify Full name to add initials or reverse the
order of first and last names.
 8. In User logon name, type the user logon
name. Click Next.
 9. In New Object - User, in Password and
Confirm password, type the user's password,
and then select the appropriate password
options.
 10.
Click Next, review the new user account
settings, and then click Finish.
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