This document provides an introduction to using computers. It aims to equip trainees with basic computer knowledge, skills, and attitudes. It will cover defining computer terms, the different types of computers, computer components, operating systems, and common software applications. Trainees will learn about input/output devices, how computers process and store data, computer maintenance, and security issues like viruses. The goal is for trainees to gain practical skills that could enable self-employment opportunities using computer skills.
The document provides information about a lecturer named Zaipul Anwar Bin Zainu din who teaches at the Institute of Product Design & Manufacturing, Universiti Kuala Lumpur. It includes details about the lecturer's contact information, subjects taught, course objectives and assessments, and an introduction to basic computer hardware, software, and networking topics covered in the course.
The document discusses various computer input devices. It defines input devices as any hardware components that allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer. Examples of input devices mentioned include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchpads, scanners, microphones, webcams, touch screens, digital cameras, and various reading devices like optical character recognition. The functions and uses of these different input devices are described in detail.
This document provides an introduction to PC operations and computer education. It discusses the basic components and functions of a computer system including hardware such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It also covers software types like operating systems, applications, and system software. The document outlines the three basic operations of input, processing, and output and highlights advantages like speed and accuracy as well as limitations of computer systems.
This document provides information about Digitech Hardware Academy, including its address and contact details. It then outlines the table of contents for topics on basic computer programming, Microsoft Office programs, what is the internet, and MS-DOS. The document also includes sections about the definition of a computer, classifications of computers by size and generation, components of the computer system, and applications of computers.
A computer is defined as an electronic device that can perform calculations at enormous speeds and generate output from input data according to programmed instructions. It consists of hardware, software, data, and users. The hardware is the physical machinery including input devices like keyboards, output devices like monitors, storage devices, communication devices, and the central processing unit. Software includes system software that controls the hardware and application software that allows users to perform tasks. Data are the individual facts and pieces of information processed by the computer. Users are people who operate the computer and provide it with instructions and data.
The document presents an overview of computers including their classification, hardware, software, input devices, output devices, and common usages. Computers are classified as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, or super computers depending on their computing ability and processing speed. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system while software provides instructions for operating the computer. Input devices capture information and translate it into a format the computer can process, and output devices present information from the computer in a way users can understand. Examples of computer uses mentioned are networking, media storage, graphics design, banking, gaming, and more.
The document provides information about a lecturer named Zaipul Anwar Bin Zainu din who teaches at the Institute of Product Design & Manufacturing, Universiti Kuala Lumpur. It includes details about the lecturer's contact information, subjects taught, course objectives and assessments, and an introduction to basic computer hardware, software, and networking topics covered in the course.
The document discusses various computer input devices. It defines input devices as any hardware components that allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer. Examples of input devices mentioned include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchpads, scanners, microphones, webcams, touch screens, digital cameras, and various reading devices like optical character recognition. The functions and uses of these different input devices are described in detail.
This document provides an introduction to PC operations and computer education. It discusses the basic components and functions of a computer system including hardware such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It also covers software types like operating systems, applications, and system software. The document outlines the three basic operations of input, processing, and output and highlights advantages like speed and accuracy as well as limitations of computer systems.
This document provides information about Digitech Hardware Academy, including its address and contact details. It then outlines the table of contents for topics on basic computer programming, Microsoft Office programs, what is the internet, and MS-DOS. The document also includes sections about the definition of a computer, classifications of computers by size and generation, components of the computer system, and applications of computers.
A computer is defined as an electronic device that can perform calculations at enormous speeds and generate output from input data according to programmed instructions. It consists of hardware, software, data, and users. The hardware is the physical machinery including input devices like keyboards, output devices like monitors, storage devices, communication devices, and the central processing unit. Software includes system software that controls the hardware and application software that allows users to perform tasks. Data are the individual facts and pieces of information processed by the computer. Users are people who operate the computer and provide it with instructions and data.
The document presents an overview of computers including their classification, hardware, software, input devices, output devices, and common usages. Computers are classified as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, or super computers depending on their computing ability and processing speed. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system while software provides instructions for operating the computer. Input devices capture information and translate it into a format the computer can process, and output devices present information from the computer in a way users can understand. Examples of computer uses mentioned are networking, media storage, graphics design, banking, gaming, and more.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals and organization. It discusses the definition of a computer, its characteristics and history. It describes the evolution of computers through generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. It also outlines the basic components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, I/O devices and software. The CPU is described in more detail including its main components like ALU, control unit and registers.
Understanding of Computer | Introduction | Computer In Business
Hello,
I am Saad Hasan from Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur.
All the Information of this slide is collected from "Fundamentals of Computer" written by E Balagurusamy. Any one can use for his presentations.
>>>>> If You Need Me to Create Slide for You,then You can find me through this link : https://www.linkedin.com/in/saadh393/
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on information technology. It outlines the course requirements, including exams, assignments, and a final project that contribute to the overall grade. It also describes lecture notes, written assignments, presentations, and other class activities. Tips are provided on how to earn more marks, such as avoiding plagiarism and demonstrating a strong work ethic. The course aims to teach basic computer knowledge, hardware, office applications, and internet skills.
A computer is an electronic machine that stores, retrieves and manipulates data based on instructions given in programs. It has four main components - hardware, software, humanware and procedures. Hardware refers to the physical machines that perform the basic functions of input, processing and output in the data processing cycle. Software includes system software like operating systems and application software for specific tasks. Humanware are the people who design, program and operate computers. Procedures define how a computer installation performs functions and handles issues. The document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that share resources. It discusses the history of computer networks including ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet. It also outlines the goals of computer networks such as resource sharing, high reliability, inter-process communication, and flexible access. Finally, it identifies some key hardware and software components that make up computer networks, including network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, modems, and different cable types.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals including:
- The basic components of a computer system including input, output, CPU, and memory.
- Types of computers classified by technology as digital, analog, and hybrid. Digital computers are further divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
- The differences between hardware and software, with descriptions of system software like operating systems and compilers/interpreters, and application software.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their meaning, functions, features, generations, types, and components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to stored instructions, and produces output. Computers are characterized by their high speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, diligence, and versatility. The document outlines the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to modern devices incorporating artificial intelligence. It also describes various types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minis, and personal computers. Finally, it defines the basic software and hardware components that allow computers to function.
The document discusses the history and characteristics of computers across generations. It describes the key technologies that defined each generation from vacuum tubes in first generation computers to integrated circuits in third generation computers. It discusses how each new generation was smaller, faster, more powerful, efficient and reliable than the previous. The document also covers classifications of computers by function, size and application.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including their history, components, uses, and impact on society. It defines what a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, storage, and communication. It also describes the major types of computers from embedded devices to supercomputers. Additionally, it explains computer networks and key Internet concepts like IP addresses, URLs, and email. Both the benefits of computers in our lives are discussed, such as access to information, as well as some risks like privacy issues and information integrity.
The document provides an overview of basic concepts in information technology, including definitions of information and computers. It describes how computers accept data as input, process it, and produce information as output. The main components of a computer system - hardware, software, and human users - are also summarized. Key hardware components like the central processing unit, memory, storage, and input/output devices are defined. The document also provides a brief introduction to operating systems and applications software.
The document provides an introduction to computer systems by defining what a computer system is and describing its key components. It states that a computer system includes the computer, operating system, and any other necessary software and peripheral devices. It also discusses the different types of computer systems, including microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers which are classified by size. Additional classifications by function include servers, workstations, information appliances, and embedded computers. The document outlines the basic advantages and disadvantages of using computer systems.
System, sub-system, computer system, advantages, disadvantages, types of computers, classes by size and functions, server, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers etc.
This document provides information about course administration, requirements to get more marks, and an introduction to computers and basic computer terminology.
The course assessments include two exams worth 30% and 50% respectively, along with assignments, presentations, quizzes, and class participation worth the remaining 20%. To get more marks, students should have good overall class attitude and avoid practices like plagiarism while focusing on innovation and confidence.
The document then provides definitions of basic computer terms like input, output, processing, memory, and storage. It also describes the basic components of a computer system including people, hardware, software, data, and procedures.
This document outlines different data storage devices, how they work, and their advantages. It discusses magnetic storage devices like hard drives, optical storage devices like CDs and DVDs, flash memory devices like USB drives, online cloud storage, and older paper storage methods. Hard drives are described as using spinning disks and magnetic coating to store data, with interfaces like SATA, IDE, and SCSI. RAID configurations like RAID 0 and 1 are outlined which stripe or mirror data across multiple disks. External hard drives and solid state drives are also summarized.
1) There are three main types of computers based on principles of operation: analog computers which use continuously variable physical phenomena, digital computers which use discrete numbers and letters, and hybrid computers which combine aspects of analog and digital.
2) Computers can also be classified based on their configuration in terms of size, speed, and storage capacity. The four types are super computers which are the fastest and most expensive, mainframe computers which handle large volumes of complex data, mini computers which are mid-sized, and micro computers which are small and inexpensive.
3) Digital computers can be further broken down into general purpose computers which can perform most tasks given time, and special purpose computers which are dedicated to performing single, specific
The document outlines rules for attendance and conduct, then provides an overview of computers. It describes the basic input-process-output model of a computer. Data is input and then processed using arithmetic and logical operations based on a program's instructions. The processed data is then output. The main parts of a computer that enable this include the input and output units, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and memory. Memory can be primary or secondary. The control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory together make up the central processing unit (CPU).
Lecture-1: Introduction to Computer - Basic Definitions & Concepts- Computer ...Mubashir Ali
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in an introductory lecture on computers including:
- Classifications of assignments, quizzes, projects and exams and the grading policy.
- An overview of the components of a computer including input/output devices, storage, and the system unit.
- Advantages and disadvantages of using computers such as speed, storage, health risks, and privacy concerns.
- An introduction to computer software including system software, application software, and programming.
- Different categories of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes and embedded systems.
Introduction of computer Book
Contents:
What is computer?
Purpose
Parts of computer system
1 hardware 2 software 3 data 4 user
Input
Processing
output
Storage
Essential computer hardware.
Computer use two components
The processor and memory
Micro processor
Memory devices
Storage devices
RAM and ROM
Input or output devices
Software
There are two type of software
1. System software
2. Application software
Operating system
Network operating system
Categories of computer
1. Computer for individual user
2. Computer for organization
Desktop computer
Note book computer
Tablet Pcs
Handled Pcs
Smart phone
Computer or organization
Generation of computer or evolution of computer
Black diagram of computer
Controlling keys
ALU
CPU
MU
Registers
Memory and computing power
Buses
Basic Structure of Computers, Define Computer Architecture? Who originated the concept of a digital programmable computer,
Introduction to Subject. Basic Structure of Computers, Functional units, software performance issues
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts. It discusses basic computer components like hardware, software, and networks. It defines key terms related to IT like data, information, programs, and computer types. The document also summarizes the basic functions of computers in processing input data and producing output information. It examines the components that make up a computer system and common peripheral devices.
irrational choices in milton's epic poetry (1)Matthew Kwong
This document provides an analysis of irrational choices in John Milton's Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes. It argues that while Milton intended Paradise Lost to be a "great argument" using reason, some choices in the works defy reason. God gives Satan and Sin the means to disobey even though it seems unreasonable, to preserve free will. God also forbids the fruit without explanation, requiring Adam and Eve to demonstrate belief over reason. Irrational choices highlight forces behind human decision-making beyond pure logic in Milton's works.
Este documento describe una ave originaria del Perú que no fue avistada por casi un siglo hasta que fue redescubierta en 1977. Se trata de un ave esbelta con plumaje negro con reflejos verdes en el dorso y una larga cola, que habita en quebradas boscosas secas de la costa norte peruana. Se caracteriza por medir casi un metro de altura y tener un vistoso mechón al final de su cola de 90 centímetros, detalles que le dan su nombre.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals and organization. It discusses the definition of a computer, its characteristics and history. It describes the evolution of computers through generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. It also outlines the basic components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, I/O devices and software. The CPU is described in more detail including its main components like ALU, control unit and registers.
Understanding of Computer | Introduction | Computer In Business
Hello,
I am Saad Hasan from Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur.
All the Information of this slide is collected from "Fundamentals of Computer" written by E Balagurusamy. Any one can use for his presentations.
>>>>> If You Need Me to Create Slide for You,then You can find me through this link : https://www.linkedin.com/in/saadh393/
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on information technology. It outlines the course requirements, including exams, assignments, and a final project that contribute to the overall grade. It also describes lecture notes, written assignments, presentations, and other class activities. Tips are provided on how to earn more marks, such as avoiding plagiarism and demonstrating a strong work ethic. The course aims to teach basic computer knowledge, hardware, office applications, and internet skills.
A computer is an electronic machine that stores, retrieves and manipulates data based on instructions given in programs. It has four main components - hardware, software, humanware and procedures. Hardware refers to the physical machines that perform the basic functions of input, processing and output in the data processing cycle. Software includes system software like operating systems and application software for specific tasks. Humanware are the people who design, program and operate computers. Procedures define how a computer installation performs functions and handles issues. The document provides an introduction to basic computer concepts.
This document provides an introduction and overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that share resources. It discusses the history of computer networks including ARPANET, the precursor to the modern Internet. It also outlines the goals of computer networks such as resource sharing, high reliability, inter-process communication, and flexible access. Finally, it identifies some key hardware and software components that make up computer networks, including network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, modems, and different cable types.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals including:
- The basic components of a computer system including input, output, CPU, and memory.
- Types of computers classified by technology as digital, analog, and hybrid. Digital computers are further divided into microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
- The differences between hardware and software, with descriptions of system software like operating systems and compilers/interpreters, and application software.
This document provides an overview of computers, including their meaning, functions, features, generations, types, and components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to stored instructions, and produces output. Computers are characterized by their high speed, accuracy, large storage capacity, diligence, and versatility. The document outlines the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to modern devices incorporating artificial intelligence. It also describes various types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minis, and personal computers. Finally, it defines the basic software and hardware components that allow computers to function.
The document discusses the history and characteristics of computers across generations. It describes the key technologies that defined each generation from vacuum tubes in first generation computers to integrated circuits in third generation computers. It discusses how each new generation was smaller, faster, more powerful, efficient and reliable than the previous. The document also covers classifications of computers by function, size and application.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including their history, components, uses, and impact on society. It defines what a computer is and its basic functions of input, processing, output, storage, and communication. It also describes the major types of computers from embedded devices to supercomputers. Additionally, it explains computer networks and key Internet concepts like IP addresses, URLs, and email. Both the benefits of computers in our lives are discussed, such as access to information, as well as some risks like privacy issues and information integrity.
The document provides an overview of basic concepts in information technology, including definitions of information and computers. It describes how computers accept data as input, process it, and produce information as output. The main components of a computer system - hardware, software, and human users - are also summarized. Key hardware components like the central processing unit, memory, storage, and input/output devices are defined. The document also provides a brief introduction to operating systems and applications software.
The document provides an introduction to computer systems by defining what a computer system is and describing its key components. It states that a computer system includes the computer, operating system, and any other necessary software and peripheral devices. It also discusses the different types of computer systems, including microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers which are classified by size. Additional classifications by function include servers, workstations, information appliances, and embedded computers. The document outlines the basic advantages and disadvantages of using computer systems.
System, sub-system, computer system, advantages, disadvantages, types of computers, classes by size and functions, server, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers etc.
This document provides information about course administration, requirements to get more marks, and an introduction to computers and basic computer terminology.
The course assessments include two exams worth 30% and 50% respectively, along with assignments, presentations, quizzes, and class participation worth the remaining 20%. To get more marks, students should have good overall class attitude and avoid practices like plagiarism while focusing on innovation and confidence.
The document then provides definitions of basic computer terms like input, output, processing, memory, and storage. It also describes the basic components of a computer system including people, hardware, software, data, and procedures.
This document outlines different data storage devices, how they work, and their advantages. It discusses magnetic storage devices like hard drives, optical storage devices like CDs and DVDs, flash memory devices like USB drives, online cloud storage, and older paper storage methods. Hard drives are described as using spinning disks and magnetic coating to store data, with interfaces like SATA, IDE, and SCSI. RAID configurations like RAID 0 and 1 are outlined which stripe or mirror data across multiple disks. External hard drives and solid state drives are also summarized.
1) There are three main types of computers based on principles of operation: analog computers which use continuously variable physical phenomena, digital computers which use discrete numbers and letters, and hybrid computers which combine aspects of analog and digital.
2) Computers can also be classified based on their configuration in terms of size, speed, and storage capacity. The four types are super computers which are the fastest and most expensive, mainframe computers which handle large volumes of complex data, mini computers which are mid-sized, and micro computers which are small and inexpensive.
3) Digital computers can be further broken down into general purpose computers which can perform most tasks given time, and special purpose computers which are dedicated to performing single, specific
The document outlines rules for attendance and conduct, then provides an overview of computers. It describes the basic input-process-output model of a computer. Data is input and then processed using arithmetic and logical operations based on a program's instructions. The processed data is then output. The main parts of a computer that enable this include the input and output units, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and memory. Memory can be primary or secondary. The control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory together make up the central processing unit (CPU).
Lecture-1: Introduction to Computer - Basic Definitions & Concepts- Computer ...Mubashir Ali
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in an introductory lecture on computers including:
- Classifications of assignments, quizzes, projects and exams and the grading policy.
- An overview of the components of a computer including input/output devices, storage, and the system unit.
- Advantages and disadvantages of using computers such as speed, storage, health risks, and privacy concerns.
- An introduction to computer software including system software, application software, and programming.
- Different categories of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes and embedded systems.
Introduction of computer Book
Contents:
What is computer?
Purpose
Parts of computer system
1 hardware 2 software 3 data 4 user
Input
Processing
output
Storage
Essential computer hardware.
Computer use two components
The processor and memory
Micro processor
Memory devices
Storage devices
RAM and ROM
Input or output devices
Software
There are two type of software
1. System software
2. Application software
Operating system
Network operating system
Categories of computer
1. Computer for individual user
2. Computer for organization
Desktop computer
Note book computer
Tablet Pcs
Handled Pcs
Smart phone
Computer or organization
Generation of computer or evolution of computer
Black diagram of computer
Controlling keys
ALU
CPU
MU
Registers
Memory and computing power
Buses
Basic Structure of Computers, Define Computer Architecture? Who originated the concept of a digital programmable computer,
Introduction to Subject. Basic Structure of Computers, Functional units, software performance issues
This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts. It discusses basic computer components like hardware, software, and networks. It defines key terms related to IT like data, information, programs, and computer types. The document also summarizes the basic functions of computers in processing input data and producing output information. It examines the components that make up a computer system and common peripheral devices.
irrational choices in milton's epic poetry (1)Matthew Kwong
This document provides an analysis of irrational choices in John Milton's Paradise Lost and Samson Agonistes. It argues that while Milton intended Paradise Lost to be a "great argument" using reason, some choices in the works defy reason. God gives Satan and Sin the means to disobey even though it seems unreasonable, to preserve free will. God also forbids the fruit without explanation, requiring Adam and Eve to demonstrate belief over reason. Irrational choices highlight forces behind human decision-making beyond pure logic in Milton's works.
Este documento describe una ave originaria del Perú que no fue avistada por casi un siglo hasta que fue redescubierta en 1977. Se trata de un ave esbelta con plumaje negro con reflejos verdes en el dorso y una larga cola, que habita en quebradas boscosas secas de la costa norte peruana. Se caracteriza por medir casi un metro de altura y tener un vistoso mechón al final de su cola de 90 centímetros, detalles que le dan su nombre.
Hi I m Taha and I m looking job in media.4 year's experience in aaj tv as a uplink officer and 2 year's experience in FM 103 as a on air engineer. ..please reply me
Responding to Victims of Identity CrimeMatthew Kwong
- The document summarizes a manual for responding to identity crime victims. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of individual victims, institutional victims, law enforcement, and other private sector actors.
- Individual victims bear primary responsibility for detecting, mitigating, and seeking compensation for damages from identity crime. However, Canadian legislation does not clearly define responsibilities of institutions or provide many legal protections for victims.
- The recovery process for victims is difficult given the lack of requirements for institutions to assist, inconsistencies across jurisdictions, and limited rights for victims to access documents or have fraudulent records removed. Reform is still needed to better support victims of identity crime in Canada.
Flame is a complex malware discovered in 2012 that was used for cyber espionage. It stole information from infected computers using various methods like accessing storage, keylogging, and turning on webcams. Flame contained many modules that each performed different functions. It spread through removable drives and also disguised itself as a Windows Update to infect other computers remotely. The creators of Flame were able to obtain a fake digital certificate that appeared legitimate by using a hash collision attack to match the hash of an authentic Microsoft certificate, enabling Flame to be signed and pose as official Microsoft software.
Relatório Anual de Atividades elaborado para a Associação SocioAmbientar referente ao ano de 2012, para ser entregue a um parceiro mantenedor (patrocinador).
Este documento apresenta a primeira aula do curso "Gestão Social e Cidadania" ministrado pela professora Aghata Gonsalves. A aula inclui uma dinâmica de apresentação sobre o significado de cidadania para os alunos e o que esperam aprender na disciplina, além de citações sobre ensino e cidadania.
la ley 30 busca establecer la manera en que las univerisdades e instituciones de educacion superior deben funcionar para garantizar la calidad de la educacion de los colombianos
After experiencing exceptional growth that led to disorganized operations, a company invited Eric Anderton to review their processes. Eric evaluated each individual's strengths and weaknesses, creating a visual that showed how roles could be optimized within the company. Personality tests also provided insight into how each coworker prefers to communicate. Most importantly, Eric helped the company identify systemic problems and the need for training across all departments to eliminate mistakes. Inviting Eric provided strategic clarity and allowed the company to build a healthy, high-performing team capable of continued success.
The document discusses elements of meaningful organizational velocity. It notes that setting a proper course initially is more important than speed, and that harmonizing conflicting organizational interests is key to overcoming inertia. It also emphasizes placing value on individual and team relationships, as these ties hold the organization together. Finally, it states that meaningful organizational velocity relates to the desirability of the destination, the degree of diversity within the organization, and the strength of relationships, and that the greater these factors, the greater the organizational velocity will be.
Masa Kenozoikum adalah masa saat ini dalam Geological Time Scale yang terjadi setelah masa Mesozoikum. Masa ini terbagi menjadi zaman Tersier dan Kwarter, dimana zaman Tersier merupakan zaman perkembangan mamalia di belahan dunia lain selain Indonesia karena sebagian kepulauan Indonesia baru terbentuk pada masa itu, sehingga fosil-fosil yang ditemukan di Indonesia sebagian besar adalah fosil hewan laut.
Yousef Taha El-sayed Yousef El-shazly is seeking a challenging position in marketing. He has over 7 years of experience in marketing and customer service roles for companies like Barclays Egypt, Toshiba El Araby Group, and Vodafone Egypt. He is highly skilled in communication, research, and leading and motivating teams. He holds a Bachelor's degree in law from Ain Shams University and has taken courses in Microsoft Office, leadership management, and legal consulting.
The document provides information about computers and their basic components. It states that a computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process it according to stored instructions, produce output, and store information for future use. The basic parts of a computer are the input unit, output unit, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory. The input unit allows data and instructions to be entered, the output unit provides information to the user, the control unit controls all functions, the arithmetic logic unit performs calculations, and memory stores programs and data. Hardware refers to the physical and tangible parts of a computer while software refers to the instructions that tell the computer what to do.
Introduction to computers MRS. SOWMYA JYOTHISowmya Jyothi
The document provides an introduction to computers including:
- A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data under programmed instructions to produce information.
- The main components of a computer are the input, output, storage, and central processing units. The CPU contains the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit.
- Computers can be classified based on their construction (analog, digital, hybrid), application (general purpose, special purpose), and size/speed (supercomputer, mainframe, mini computer, workstation, microcomputer).
- Software includes system software like operating systems and application software for specific tasks. Hardware refers to the physical and electronic components of a computer system.
This document provides an overview of basics of computers. It discusses that computers are now integral parts of our lives and are used for various purposes like reservations, payments, banking, research etc. It then defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it, and provides the output. It also discusses the characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, storage capability. The document further explains the different types of computers like digital, analog and different generations of computers from first to fifth generation. It also classifies computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers. Finally, it describes the basic components and concepts of a computer system.
This document provides an introduction to PC operations and computer education. It discusses the basic components and functions of a computer system including hardware such as the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It also covers software types like operating systems, applications, and system software. The document outlines the three basic operations of input, processing, and output and characteristics of modern computers like electronic storage and stored programs. It concludes with advantages and limitations of computer systems.
This document provides an introduction to computers and their components. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts user input, processes it, produces output, and stores results. The main components of a computer are described as the central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and input/output devices. The CPU is said to be the brain and control center, and has three main components - the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory unit. The control unit controls all computer activities and processes, while the ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. The memory unit is the computer's storage and comes in primary and secondary types.
This document discusses different types of computers. It begins by defining analog computers, which use continuous variables for mathematical operations, and digital computers, which use binary digits (0s and 1s) to represent data. A hybrid computer is then described as a combination of analog and digital components. The document also discusses microcomputers, minicomputers, servers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers based on their typical uses and characteristics. It then outlines the major hardware components of a computer including input, output, storage, communication, and system unit devices. Software is defined including system, utility, and application types. Finally, data and people involved in operating computers are mentioned.
This document contains lecture notes on the introduction to computers and their components. It discusses the five basic operations of all computer systems: input, storage, processing, output, and control. It describes the main parts of a computer system including the input and output units, storage, central processing unit, arithmetic logic unit, and control unit. It provides examples of different input and output devices. It also covers the characteristics, hardware, software, and classifications of computer systems.
This document discusses an introductory course on computer hardware repair and maintenance. The course provides an orientation and introduction to different types of computers. It aims to impart practical skills for installing, troubleshooting, repairing and maintaining computer systems. Topics covered include computer system parts, maintenance techniques, diagnostic techniques, system assembly and installation, and troubleshooting and repairing computer systems and accessories.
This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of computers. It defines what a computer is, discusses who invented early computer components, and outlines the basic parts of a computer system including hardware, software, memory, storage, and input/output devices. It also covers topics like computer generations, types of computers based on size and use, and memory units and measurement.
The document provides an introduction to information technology. It defines key terms like data, information, and IT. It describes the components of IT including hardware, software, databases, networks, and human resources. It also discusses different types of computers like mainframes, supercomputers, handheld computers, microcomputers/PCs, and laptops. It covers the characteristics and generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation using ULSI technology.
This document defines a computer and its components. It states that a computer is an electronic device that operates under instructions stored in its memory and takes input, processes it, and provides output. The main components are the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It describes the input-process-output cycle and characteristics of computers like speed, reliability, and accuracy. The document also classifies computers by size and function, describing microcomputers, mini computers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It outlines the different generations of computers and their components over time. Finally, it discusses common input devices, output devices, storage media, and other internal computer components.
The document discusses computers, their functions and components. It defines a computer as an electronic machine that can accept data as input, process the data, and output results. The basic functions of computers are described as input, storage, processing, and output. Various types of computers are also categorized, including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers and workstations. The document outlines the major hardware components of a computer like the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. It provides examples of hardware classified by their functions like processing devices, input devices and output devices. Finally, it briefly defines computer data processing.
Introduction to Computer and Generations of Computer by Er. Kamlesh TripathiLEALucknow
The document provides an introduction to computers including their history, components, and generations. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Computers have evolved from early counting tools to modern electronic devices. The first computers used vacuum tubes and were very large, expensive, and unreliable.
2) Modern computers are made up of five basic components - input, output, storage, CPU, and control unit. The CPU carries out processing using the ALU and control unit to manage data and instructions.
3) There have been five generations of computers based on the underlying technology. Each generation saw improvements in size, cost, reliability and capabilities as technologies advanced from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, microprocessors, and beyond.
This lecture discusses computers, including:
1. Defining a computer and discussing its basic components of input, processing, output, and storage.
2. Classifying computers into three main types - analog, digital, and hybrid - based on how they process data.
3. Describing the basic hardware components of a computer system, including the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse, and differentiating hardware from software.
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)TUHIN SAHA
This comprehensive PowerPoint presentation is designed to provide a foundational understanding of computers, their components, and their functions. It is ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in gaining a solid grasp of the basics of computer science.
The presentation covers the following key topics:
1. What is a Computer?
- The presentation begins with a clear definition of a computer, detailing its basic functions as an electronic device that processes data. It highlights the computer's ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
2. What is an Operating System?
- This section introduces the operating system (OS) as the crucial software that manages hardware and software resources. A detailed block diagram illustrates the OS's components.
3. Components of a Computer:
- The presentation breaks down the primary components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices.
4. Different Generations of Computers:
- A historical perspective is provided on the evolution of computers, detailing the five generations from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence.
5. Hardware and Software:
- An exploration of the difference between hardware (the physical components of a computer) and software (the programs and applications that run on the hardware). Examples of various hardware components.
6. Input and Output Devices:
- Detailed descriptions of common input devices (such as keyboards and mice) and output devices (such as monitors and printers). This section explains how these devices enable users to interact with the computer and receive feedback.
7. Storage and Memory Devices:
- The presentation covers different types of storage (like hard drives, SSDs, and optical discs) and memory (RAM and ROM).
This presentation serves as a foundational resource for anyone looking to gain a better understanding of computers and their operations. Whether you are a student, educator, or tech enthusiast, "Intro to Computers & OS: Key Concepts" offers valuable insights and a structured approach to learning about the integral components and functions of modern computing systems.
A computer is a programmable machine that can execute a prerecorded list of instructions. It has four basic functions: accepting input, processing data, producing output, and storing results. A computer system includes the computer hardware, peripheral devices, and software. Software provides instructions that tell the computer what tasks to perform. There are two main types of software: system software which includes operating systems and utilities, and applications software for tasks like word processing.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions, components, and functions. It discusses the central processing unit, memory/storage units, input/output units, and various software programs. The key points covered are:
- A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data under program instructions.
- The main components are the CPU, memory, input, and output units. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit and control unit.
- Memory can be internal RAM/ROM or external magnetic disks, tapes, CDs, etc.
- Common input devices are the keyboard, mouse, and scanner. Output devices include the monitor and printers.
- Software includes operating systems like Windows/DOS and productivity
The document provides an introduction to basics of computers. It defines what a computer is, describing it as an electronic device that can receive input, process it according to instructions, and provide output. It then explains the input-process-output model and describes the basic parts of a computer including the input and output units, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory. The central processing unit is made up of the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory. The document also discusses characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of computers as well as different types of computers like desktops, laptops, tablets, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
Computers are information processing machines that consist of both hardware and software working together to accomplish tasks. Hardware refers to the physical components like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. Software includes programs that give instructions to computers. A computer system has a central processing unit that processes instructions and data, input and output units to accept and communicate information, and a storage unit to hold instructions and data. Computers are used in many fields like science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, banking, publishing, and more. They help analyze data, present information, assist in design and manufacturing, and automate many tasks.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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2. 1. This unit aims at equipping the trainee with basic
knowledge, skills & attitude required for using
computers.
2. To provide increased training opportunities for the
increasing number of school leavers to enable them
to be self-supporting.
3. To develop practical skills and attitudes which lead
to income generating activities in the urban & rural
areas through self-employment.
3. By the end of this unit, the trainee should be
able to: -
a. Define computer and its terminologies
b. Give merits, demerits and functions of
computer
c. Describe types of computer
d. Explain the role of computer in society today
e. Describe the care & maintenance a computer &
computer lab.
4. Computer: - This is a machine or an electronic device that processesses
data into information.
Data: -basic facts/raw facts e.g. numbers, letters or symbols.
Unprocessed material.
Information: - This are the result of inputted data/result of
processed data.
Computing: - the use of computer to manipulate data to provide
information which is used for decision making.
Program: - set of instruction given to the computer in processing of
data.
Inputting: - Feeding of information into the system.
5. Processing: - Manipulation of data
Outputting: - Giving out the results of processing.
Live ware: - This term refers to the human
component of the system.
6. Its versatile: - it can be used
for different functions.
It can store large amount of
information in a small a
space/memory for a long
time.
It can work for a longer
time without getting tired.
Its accurate/ normally no
errors.
It can work in high
temperature areas where
human beings cannot e.g. in
steel mines where
temperatures are very high.
Its fast in processing of
data.
Its diligent/ never get tired
in performing a task.
Its automatic – performs
job as instructed.
7. It needs a computer literate
personnel to operate the system.
It needs power in order to
work.
Its expensive to buy and
maintain.
Computer has no intelligence
hence cannot make any
decision.
There is loss of information if
not well managed.
It causes health problems to the
user e.g. eye problem and
backaches, wrist and arms.etc.
It reduces the labour
force/employment .
It causes moral degradation
/decay i.e. through
downloading dirty
(phonographic) movies from the
internet and that affect peoples
virtues.
8. Accept input of data and information. This can originate
from human operators or other devices.
Computers process the input into meaningful and useful
results as dictated by their programs.
Computers store, transmit or display the results of the
processing.
9. Its automatic: - It performs any task instructed in a
logical manner.
Its programmable: - you can make it work in any way
depending on what you want as a user.
It needs power for it to run
It stores program and data
10. EDUCATION: - used for learning, processing
& making learning materials, keeping records,
preparing and making continuous assessment
exams, process and present reports.
HOME: - Used for entertainment, shopping,
getting information through internet,
broadcasting stations.
HEALTH CARE (HOSPITALS): - it
facilitate collection and storage of patients
information for easy management purposes,
Identification of patients illness, keeping records
of employees in the hospital e.t.c.
INDUSTRIES: - Used for controlling
machines, recording transactions.
Game parks: -
Weather stations
COMMUNICATION: -e.g. in
telecommunication industry for switching of
incoming & outgoing calls, airline industry – to
control air space & air traffic, and used kin
internet to facilitate worldwide computer
network.
DESIGN: - Used in preparing designs which
require great accuracy like that done by the
engineers & architects, testing &redesigning.
11. Keep It free from dust
Always open & shut down
your computer using the
correct procedure.
Shut down the computer if
not in use.
Its always recommended that
you use it for its own
purpose.
Use covers when computers
are not in use to prevent dust.
Do not keep the computer in
dumpy areas.
Avoid keeping your computer
in areas with strong magnetic
fields
Protect the computer from
virus by installing an
antivirus software program.
Install power backups to
regulate power supply to your
system.
12. Do a research on the basic components of a
computer system and make short notes.
13. By the end of this section, the trainee should be able to: -
1) Explain the components of a computer system
2) Explain the various output devices
3) Explain the various input devices
4) Explain the central processing unit (CPU)
5) Explain different storage media
6) Define computer software
7) Describe types of computer software
8) Describe the classification & types of computers.
14. • A computer system consists of two
major components i.e. Hardware &
Software.
• HARDWARE: -Consists of the parts that
one can physically touch & feel. Hardware
devices are called (Peripheral devices) i.e.
Input, output, storage.
• Central processing unit (CPU): - Is the
brain of the computer and carries out all
the processing.
• Input devices: - reads data from the
medium from which it is stored and encodes
it into suitable form that can be
understood by the computer.
• Output devices: -provide the user with
the results from the computer.
• Memory storage devices: -There are
two types of memory storage devices
i.e. Primary & secondary.
15.
16. CPU: - Its an element of a computer that determines the
overall performance of a computer. It’s the control center of the
computer.(Brain of the computer).
Its composed of : -
i. Control Unit (C.U)
ii. Arithmetic logic unit
iii. Memory Unit.
17. Control Unit: -
Functions
1. Directs the flow of data & instructions
from the input device to the memory.
2. Interprets instructions received in
the form of program & converts
them into control signals.
3. Directs the data & instructions
from memory to the ALU, and
when required by the program.
4. Transfers the
information/processed data from
memory to the output unit.
5. Transfers the
information/processed data from
memory to the output unit.
Arithmetic Logic Unit: -
Functions
1. It makes logical operations or decisions
e.g. making comparisons & determining
whether they are equal or not.
2. It compares alphabetical data to check
whether they are the same or not.
3. Does the actual processing by performing
mathematical operations e.g. addition,
subtraction on numerical data as directed
by the control unit.
18. Memory Unit: -
Functions
1. Stores data temporarily
2. Allows control unit to retrieve data &
instructions & supply to ALU and
when required by the program.
Computer memory is categorized
into: -
i. Primary memory. (Main or
Internal memory)
ii. Secondary memory. (Auxiliary
Memory or storage devices)
Primary memory: - Is the internal
storage within the CPU that
stores raw data, program
instructions and processed
information.
Primary memory is subdivided into
two: - RAM & ROM
19. RAM: - It’s the working table of the
computer.
FEATURES: -
i. Its temporary in nature: - i.e. incase of
power failure, all the data in it are
erased.
ii. It holds data and programs
temporarily.
iii. Data in RAM can be written and
read during retrieval.
iv. Its volatile in nature.
v. Data in any area of RAM can be
accessed in the same amount of time.
ROM: - it’s the chip which contain
data which is permanently written
during time of manufacturer e.g.
instructions used for installing the
computer.
FEATURES: -
i. Its non-volatile- data stored in ROM
is permanent until it is removed.
ii. Its contents can be read & cannot be
written during normal computer
operations.
20. 1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Joystick
4. Optical Mark
Reader
5. Scanner
6. Digital camera
6. Light pens
7. Barcode reader
8. Graphic tablet
9. Microphone
10.Optical character
reader
11.Magnetic Ink
Character Reader
23. Floppy disk
Hard disk
Magnetic tape
Compact disks
Flash disks
Zip disks
24. ANALOG COMPUTERS: - They
compute by measuring changes in a
continuous physical quantity e.g.
electric voltage.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS: - It
computes by counting and adding
operations and understand the
language of zero’s & one’s.
HYBRID COMPUTERS: -They use
digital memory for the storage of
intermediate results and analog
devices for the computational
purposes.
SUPER COMPUTERS: - Are the largest, fastest
and most powerful. They can be accessed by
many individual users at the same time.E.g.
Cray xmp-24,Param.
MAIN FRAME COMPUTERS: - It support
several hundred users simultaneously at remote
terminal and act as nodes of large national &
International communication networks.
MINI COMPUTERS: - They are multi-user
systems.
MICRO COMPUTERS: - They are single –user
computers designed to meet the computing needs of
an individual. Are small in size
25. Define the termVirus and worm.
What is the effect of a virus to a computer system?
How does a virus spread?
26. At the end of this section, the trainee should be able to: -
I. Explain what a virus is?
II. Understand how viruses spread
III.Explain various types of viruses
IV.Understand the symptoms of a computer affected by viruses.
V. Explain the sources of viruses
27. This is an illegal program designed specifically to damage other programs
or cause irregular behavior in a computer. It has the ability to produce
itself.
28. The virus spread through the use of infected data and programs
residing in the disk while coping them from one system to
another.
They also spread by getting attached to e-mail message or by
flow of other forms of information on the internet.
29. TYPES OF VIRUSESTYPES OF VIRUSES
1. Boot sector/Partition table viruses
They are designed to infect the boot sector of the
disk. Boot sector virus replaces the information in
the boot sector by some different code.
A boot sector virus is executed every time a computer
is switched ON and infects all the files on the
disk.
2. File infected viruses
3. Worms and Trojan horses
30. File infected viruses
They attach themselves to executable program files and remains present in the main memory
even after the execution of the file is over. When another file is executed, this virus attaches
itself to the new and some other files are infected.
Worms and Trojan horses
A Worm is a gram that multiplies on its own to make multiple copies of itself. It does not
attach itself to other program files. The presence of worms slows down the system. Worms
exists in networked environment system
Trojan Horse programs are programs that seem to be useful and perform certain tasks.
31. Unfamiliar graphics or quizzical messages appearing on the screen
Programs taking longer to load its contents
Disk access seeming excessive for simple tasks.
Unusual error messages occurring more frequently
Executable files changing size for no obvious reason
Access lights turning on for non-referenced devices
32. 1. Contact with contaminated systems
2. Pirated software
3. Playing fake games
4. Updates of software distributed via networks
5. Loading infected proprietary software
Precaution against the virus
Equip your computer with an Anti-virus software
33. An operating system is a set of program that manages all the
activities in the computer. i.e. it manages the input, processing
and the output of information in a computer system.
Operating system provides a software platform on top of which
other programs can run. It becomes the environment for the
proper functioning of the application programs.
34. Control the use of computer resources by other
software and application programs.
Controls/monitors the allocation of input/output
devices and attempt to resolve any conflicts which
may arise.
Detects errors and signals them out
Controls the allocation and release of memory as the
user changes between applications
Prepares, schedule and monitor jobs for continuous
processing by the computer system.
Provides system security
Communicates with the user
Manages the memory
Handles interrupts from other processes or
peripherals.
35. DOS(Disk Operating System): - It is command driven
thus must type commands in the command prompt
Windows version: - Is a user graphical Interface
operating system which includes Win NT, 95, 98,
2000, Me, XP, Vista, Windows 7 etc.
UNIX/LINUX: - is a multi- user, Multi-tasking
operating system. Allows you to process something
else without having to wait for the task to finish.
Novell Netware: - is a local area network (LAN)
operating system for IBM. Standard computer
running Ms DOS/Windows.
36. WINDOWS: - Windows is an operating system which is a
rectangular graphical user interphase presented on the
screen.
DEFINITIION OF TERMS IN WINDOWS
DESKTOP: - Is a large working area on the screen which
you can see your programs
ICON: - Is a graphical presentation of a program, file or
folder or a command on the screen.
Task Manager: - Provides information about computer
performance and displays details about programs and
processes running on your computer.
To open Windows Task manager, right click an empty space
on the task bar, and then click Task Manager.
37. The following data explains some terms which will appear when the use of
mouse is explained.
Cursor: - As you move the mouse on the table, you can a white arrow
moving on the screen, just as you move THE MOUSE.
Pointing: - This means you move your mouse in a way that the mouse
cursor points to a symbol.
Clicking: - This is pressing and releasing the left mouse button once and
used to select symbols.
Double clicking: - Its clicking the left mouse button twice in a quick
succession. Make sure the mouse does not move between the two clicks thus
opening a symbol or an icon.
Right clicking: - Clicking the right mouse button once. It’s used for special
tasks e.g. editing and shortcut menus.
Dragging: - Used to move objects on the screen and done by pointing to an
object and holding down the left mouse button then moving the mouse. As
you move the mouse, the object also moves. When you have reached the
desired place, you can drop the object by releasing the left mouse button
again.
38. The desktop is the background area of the screen
where all the windows pile up at the same time all
your work takes place.
Hibernation: - A state in which your computer shuts
down after saving everything in memory on your hard
disk.
39. File: - Is a basic storage media that contains
information such as text, notes.
Folder: - Is used to bundle files and to organize them
in categories.
EDITING FOLDERS AND FILES
Copy and paste
This is moving folders and files from one destination
to another by a way of making a duplicate copy of
the same folder or file.
Cut and paste
This is moving folders and files completely from one
destination to another by a way of wiping it off from
the original location.
40. Dragging and dropping
This is a way of moving files and folders from
one part of your computer to another.
ACCESSORIES
Are accompanying programs of windows. They
are programs that make windows easier to see
and hear. They let you computer talk with other
computers and the internet
COMMUNICATIONS
Hyper Terminal: - Lets two computers talk over
the phone line.
System Information: - It’s a fix-it tool for the
mechanics to compile vast technical charts about
your computers innards.
41. Defragmentation
• The process of rewriting parts of a file to contiguous
sectors on a hard disk to increase the speed of access
and retrieval.
Disk cleanup
• This helps free up space on your hard drive.
USING BACKUP
• The backup utility helps you create a copy of the
information on your hard disk.
42. Copy backup: - Copies all selected files but does
not make each file as backed up.
Daily backup: -Copies all selected files that have
been modified.
Differential backup:- Copies files created or
changed since the last normal or incremental
backup.
Incremental backup: - It backs up only those files
created or backed up.
Normal backup: - copies all selected files and
makes each file as having been backed up.
43. 1) Its easier to use since items are represented by
graphic objects which are easily understood.
2) Its faster since operations have been reduced to a
simple click of a mouse.
3) It allows the use many applications at the same
time. This is because most applications are
designed to work at the same way thus learning
how to use once is much easier and will take
shorter time.
4) It reduces the possibility of making mistakes while
loading as the user works with the mouse.
44. By the end of the unit, the student should be able to: -
Be in a position to explain what a word processor is, and its
terminologies.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages, functions of a word
processor.
Demonstrate the correct posture for typing and how to organize
his/her working area.
Acquire relevant vocational typing skills including manipulative
skills for mastering the keyboard functions.
45. WHAT IS A WORD PROCESSOR?
This is an application software that enables a person create, save,
edit, format, and print text documents.
Word processing is the act of using a word processor program or
Ms Word program.
46. i. Ability to accept and manipulate pictures and objects.
i. Ability to work with the internet and meet with the users needs.
i. Handling of text-based documents.
47. A document can be stored in the computer for future reference in computer files
that do not occupy physical space like the one on paper.
Typing using a word processor is easier and more efficient because some actions
are automated e.g. word wrap feature automatically takes the cursor to the
beginning of the next line once you reach the end of the current, automatic
insertion of a new page after reaching the end of the current page.
Most word processors have special editing tools e.g. spelling and grammar
checkers & thesaurus that help the user to easily correct grammar & spelling
mistakes. Thesaurus helps to find a word/phrase with similar meanings.
It has superior document formatting features e.g. underlining, boldfacing,
italicizing, applying different colors etc.
Printing lets you produce many copies per session as needed unlike typewriter
where you re-type the whole document.
48. Its tiresome when typing large amount of texts e.g. projects,
business plan.e.t.c.
49. Features of word
processor
They allow the user to create a file, save it & open it
again
Nearly all word processors have a spelling checker,
thesaurus and grammar checkers.
They provide for the use of headers and footers,
indexing, footnotes & references, typefaces & character
set.
Most word processors have ability to create & import
tables, text and graphics from other programs.
52. The type of operating system e.g. most microcomputers are
currently running on windows based operating system such as
microsoft windows. This means, you should consider acquiring a
graphic user interface based word processor.
Consider its user friendliness i.e. ease of use
Consider its formatting & editing features.
53. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Editing: -This refers to making necessary changes to an existing
document using inbuilt tools e.g. spelling & grammar, thesaurus,
undo, redo, find & replace.
Type over mode: -when text is typed between existing words or
characters, the new text automatically replaces the existing text by
deleting it.
Proofreading: - This refers to checking whether document has
typographical or grammar errors.
Formatting: - This refers to applying various styles or features to
enhance the documents appearance.
54. Indentation: - Refers to moving the text away from the margin. Tabs
are used to move the first line of a paragraph or create a column data.
Section breaks: - A break is used to identify where a section, a column
or a page ends and the beginning of next. This allows the user to apply
more than one paragraph or page format in the same document
especially when it comes to page layout, size, different margins.
Margins: - Are blank spaces around the edges of the page. Only text &
objects inside the margin are printable.
Table:- This is a feature in Ms Word made up of one cell in a table.
Cell: This is the intersection of a row and a column
Row: - This is where by data is represented horizontally
Column: - This is where by data is represented vertically
Mail merge: - This is the process of generating personalized letters or
documents by combining a main document.
55. Click start then point to all programs
Click Microsoft office
Click Microsoft office word 2007 or 2003.
Or
Click start then click on Microsoft office word
2007 or 2003.
56. Click insert menu on the menu bar, then on pages option, click the drop down
menu and choose blank page.
Or
On the standard tool bar, click new.
Click file, then click new and choose blank document
On the desktop, right click & on the option menu select new, click on
Microsoft Word document and an icon will be placed on the desktop, double
click and you will be accessed to Microsoft Word new document.
57. Enter/Input your data
Select your data, then click home and apply relevant formatting
features e.g. bold, Italic, Underline style, font type, font size,
bullets & numbers, indentation, color, strikethrough, superscript,
subscript, text shadow. e.t.c
Or
Click format menu then choose font, paragraph, bullets &
numbers, borders & shading e.t.c and apply relevant styles as per
the users requirement.
58. Input your data/document
Place the cursor at the beginning of your sentence, click, press & hold then
drag.
Press Ctrl + A on the keyboard to select whole document.
Hold down Ctrl, then click anywhere in the sentence.
Move the pointer to the left of the paragraph until it changes to a right-
pointing arrow, then double click and drag up or down.
59. Select your text
Click page layout and choose indent then
enter the measurements as you desire.
OR
Click format menu and choose paragraph
Choose Indentation and lines then you enter
measurements to either left, right, top, bottom
Click Ok.
60. The lesson was very interesting and enjoyable.
Achievement at the end of the lesson was targeted.
61. At the end of the unit the trainee should be able to: -
1. Explain the definition of Spreadsheet and mention the types.
2. State the merits of using electronic over manual spreadsheet
3. Define the components of a spreadsheet
4. State the examples and application areas of a spreadsheet
5. Define the terms used in Excel.
6. Be able to enter data, perform calculations using functions and
formatting to the required level.
7. Perform any excel operations without any problem.
62. Define the term spreadsheet?
This is essentially a ledger sheet that lets you enter, edit and manipulate
numeric data.
OR
It is a large sheet containing information arranged in a matrix of rows and
columns separated by gridlines (light grey lines).
Spreadsheet software is a program or a set of program for entering, calculating,
analyzing, and manipulating sets of numbers. It helps in performing calculations
at a very high speed on numbers and formulae.
Types of spreadsheet
1. Manual
2. Electronic
A manual spreadsheet is the most commonly used type by book keepers as a
ledger book with many sheets of papers divided into rows & columns on which
various amounts of money are entered manually using a pen or pencil.
An electronic spreadsheet is prepared using a computer program that enables the
user to enter values in rows & columns and manipulate them.
63. 1. Electronic spreadsheet utilises the powerful aspect of the computer like
speed, accuracy & efficiency to enable the user quickly accomplish tasks.
2. The electronic spreadsheet offers a larger virtual sheet for data entry
and manipulation.
3. The electronic spreadsheet utilizes the large storage space on computer
storage devices to save & retrieve documents.
4. Electronic spreadsheet enables the user to produce neat work because
the traditional paper, pencil, rubber & calculator put aside. All the work
is edited on the screen & a final clean copy is printed.
5. Electronic spreadsheet have inbuilt formulae called functions that
enable the user to quickly manipulate mathematical data.
6. Electronic spreadsheet have better document formatting capabilities.
7. It automatically adjusts the result of a formula if the values in
worksheet are changed.
64. 1. VisiCalc
2. Lotus approach
3. Microsoft excel
4. Vp planner
5. Quattro Pro
6. Symphony
7. Super Calc
8. Multiplan
65.
66. Worksheet: - The data values are entered which are
made up of rows and columns
Database: - data values can be entered in the cells of
spreadsheet and managed by excel feature.
Graphs: - A pictorial representation of the base data
on a worksheet.
Most spreadsheets refer to graphs as charts
A CHART :- enables the user to present complex data
elements from a worksheet.
67. 1. Statistical analysis e.g. research data analysis
2. Accounting e.g. Budgets, company sales report,
employees payroll form, loan & mortgage
payment calculations, investment & loss
statement calculations.
3. Data management e.g. students progress,
personal expenses e.t.c
4. Forecasting (“what if analysis”)
68. Cell pointer: - It marks the position of the current cell or the insertion
point. It is a special cursor that is rectangular in shape and makes the
current cell appear as if it has darker boundaries.
Worksheet: - Consists of cells, rows and columns. Data is entered here
for manipulation.
Label: - This is any text or alphanumeric characters entered in a cell
and are used as a row or column headings usually to describe the
contents of the row or column.
Label prefix:- An apostrophe (‘)used to indicate that a number is really
a label and not a value.
Values: - These are numbers that can be manipulated mathematically.
Formulae: - Are inbuilt predefined formulae that the user can quickly
use of having to create new one each time a calculation has to be
carried out.
69. Cell reference/Cell address: -Identifies a cell or a range of
cells on the worksheet and shows Ms Excel where to look
for the values. Or It is the location of a cell in a worksheet
identified by its column letter and row number.
Worksheet formatting: - Refers to enhancing the
appearance of the worksheet to make it more attractive
and appealing to the reader.
Filtering: - Is a quick & efficient method of finding &
working with a subset of data in a list.
Form: - A prepared template that the user can use to enter
data in a worksheet.
Charts/Graphs: - Are graphics or pictures that represent
values & their relationships.
Data range: - Is a rectangular block of cells that provides
the base data that is used to create the chart.
70. Gridlines: - Are imaginary lines that appear on the worksheet and
separate the columns and the rows.
Active cell: - Is the selected cell in a sheet. The cell contains a dark
outline around the cell.
Row heading: - Contains the row references i.e. 1 to 65536.
Column heading: - Contains the column references i.e. A to iv.
Series: - Is a sequence of numbers, dates, times or text.
Auto fill: - This is to enter the first value in a recognized series and use
the fill handle to extend the series.
Auto complete: - this is typing the first letters in a cell and if a similar
value exists in the same column, excel will suggest the existing value.
71. Functions: -Are inbuilt formulas that perform a
series of operations on a specified range of values.
Elements of a function
i. The = sign which indicates that what follows is a function
(formula).
ii.The function name, e.g. Sum which indicates the
operation to be performed.
iii.A list of cell addresses, e.g. (A1: A10) which are to be
acted upon by the function.
PMT() Function
It calculates payments due to loan, assuming a constant
interest rate and constant payments.
72. IF Function
It allows you to test for values in your worksheet, and
then perform specific actions based on the result.
75. PRESENTATION: - Is a set of slides or hand outs
that contain information you want to convey to an
audience. It can also include outlines and speaker
notes.
POWERPOINT: - I a presentation graphics program
that lets you create slide shows that can be shown
with a projector, a computer screen or as a web.
76. 1. Ability to draw charts, graphs and other pictorial
data using built-in objects e.g. Rectangles, eclipses,
lines.
2. Ability to transform objects by sizing, rotating and
flipping
3. Ability to add different colors and shadings to make
the presentation look great.
4. Ability to create slide show and put special effects
to each slide as it is activated and deactivated
during the presentation.
5. Ability to add notes on the slides which can be used
when giving a presentation.
77. 1) Mainly used to create outputs for
presentations, similar to a slideshow.
These could be sales presentations,
management reports and product
demonstrations.
2) Used to provide on-line training, where
the materials are presented via slides.
78. Graphics and charts – Microsoft graph
Painting and drawing – Ms paint
CAD packages - Auto CAD
Presentation graphics – Ms PowerPoint
79. Word processing: - it creates bulleted lists, combine words
and images, find and replace text and use multiple fonts
and type sizes.
Outlining: -Make your own presentation interesting by
using an outline format.
Charts: -
Drawing:- form and modify diagrams using shapes such as
arrows, arcs, cubes, rectangles.
Implant Multimedia:- implant artwork and multimedia
effects into your show.
E-mailing: -sending your entire presentation as an
attachment to an e-mail message
Web support:- preserve your presentation in HTML.
Using wizards:- you can make a presentation at a short
notice with a professional look for a variety of content
matters.
80. 1. On task bar click on the start button, select
programs and click Microsoft PowerPoint. If
you are using office 2003, under program select
Microsoft office and click Microsoft
PowerPoint.
2. Using the RUN COMMAND on the start menu,
type the program PowerPoint and press the ENTER
key on the keyboard or click on OK
81. A slide:- refers to a page in a slide show or
presentation.
Slide show:- it’s an electronic presentation projected
or displayed on a computer screen.
Layout: - refers to the way things are arranged on a
slide.
Splitter bar:- separates and adjusts the width of the
outline/slides pane and the slide by dragging.
Design template: - is a blank presentation, without
any sample text with a professionally designed
format & color scheme to which you can add slides.
82. Color scheme:- it consists of a set of eight complementary
colors designed to be used for the various elements of a
slide – background, text, lines, shadows, fills and accents.
STEPS OF APPLYING A COLOR SCHEME
In the slide pane, click a slide
On the formatting toolbar, click the slide design button
and in the slide design task pane, click color scheme
Choose the color scheme you want to apply then click the
close button to close the task pane.
83. Blank presentation
From design template
From AutoContent wizard
From existing presentation
Photo album
84. ADDING SLIDES
Click the new slides button on the formatting toolbar
Click the new slide command in insert menu
Press enter if the insertion point is at the right end of
a slide.
Press enter + ctrl if the insertion point is at the right
end of bulleted item.
Press shift + tab if the insertion point is at the left end
of a bulleted item.
85. Slide master:- controls the look of the slides in a
presentation
Title master:- controls the look of title slides
Handout master:- controls the look of student
handouts
Notes page master:- controls the look of speaker
notes
An Organization chart: -this shows the relationships
among the elements of an organization.
86. Embedded object: - is an object that maintains a
direct connection to its original program known as
the source program.
A linked object: - is a representation on a slide of
information that is still stored in the original
document known as the source document.
Slide transition: - this is the visual effect of a
slide as it moves on and off the screen during a
slideshow. Transition include such effects as sliding
into view from one of several directions, dissolving
in from the outer edges or the center and opening
like a vertical blind.
87.
88. DEFINITION
Database is a collection of structured and related
data items organized so as to provide a consistent
and controlled access to the items.
Is an organized collection of data. It is considered
to be organized because the data is stored in
categories that are accessible in a logical manner.
An organized collection of information about a
subject e.g. address book, telephone book, a
filling cabinet full of document related to the
client.
Is a collection of data that’s related to a
particular topic or purpose.
89. This software facilitates the creation, organization
and maintenance of database (a special program).
It is an application software that allows users to
efficiently store information in an orderly manner
for timely and quick retrieval.
91. 1. Unnecessary duplication of data.
2. Boredom and time wasting especially when searching for
a particular item.
3. Misleading reports due to poor data entry and
organization.
4. Poor update of records.
92. 1. Redundancy can be reduced: - In a non- database
system each application has its own private files
e.g. a personnel application and education-
records.
2. Inconsistency can be avoided
3. The data can be shared
4. Integrity can be maintained: Ensuring that the
information in the database is accurate
5. Security restrictions can be applied
6. There is data independence