This is a short history of Computer. You can get benefit from it if you want to have an idea about the developments in the story of computer technology.
This is a short history of Computer. You can get benefit from it if you want to have an idea about the developments in the story of computer technology.
Originally it was a job title.
It was used to describe those personnel (chiefly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs.
Chapter 10 of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
Behind every invention there is a person who may be a dreamer, an el.pdffashionbigchennai
Behind every invention there is a person who may be a dreamer, an electrician, a researcher, a
teacher, or a practitioner who had a good idea. The Internet had to be conceptualized and
implemented by someone; the computer had to begin somewhere. These outstanding scientists
deserve recognition and reference when possible.
Explore pivotal individuals over the years and decades who created the computer as we know it.
In the discussion, identify integral people and their contributions. Consider any coincidences
with world events.
Solution
1)The first pivotal point was : Cogs and Calculators
- In 1642, aged only 18, French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623–1666)
invented the first practical mechanical calculator, the Pascaline.
2) In 1854, Englishman George Boole (1815–1864) used the idea to
invent a new branch of mathematics called Boolean algebra.
In modern computers, binary code and Boolean algebra allow
computers to make simple decisions by comparing long strings of zeros and ones.
3)Engines of Calculation:
It was invented by chales babbage who is also known as the father of computer.
His machines had an input, a memory, a processor, and an output-the same
components contained by all modern computers
4) The history of computing remembers colorful characters like Babbage,
but others who played important—if supporting—roles are less well known.
Bush built world\'s most powerful calculator. In 1925, Bush made the first
of a series of unwieldy contraptions: the New Recording Product Integraph Multiplier.
Differential Analyzer were only one of several outstanding contributions Bush made to 20th-
century technology.
5) Alan Turing (1912–1954) also had a major contribution.He was a cambridge mathematician
who formulated
the theory of how computers processed information.
In 1936, at the age of 23, Turing wrote a mathematical paper called
\"On computable numbers,in which he described a theoretical computer
now known as a Turing machine
6) The First modern computer: in 1938, German engineer Konrad Zuse (1910–1995)
constructed his Z1, the world\'s first programmable binary computer. It was designed during
world war.
7) Next year, American physicist John Atanasoff (1903–1995) and his assistant,
electrical engineer Clifford Berry (1918–1963), built a more elaborate
binary machine that they named the Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC).
8) In 1946: the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC) was invented by
John Mauchly (1907–1980) and J. Presper Eckert (1919–1995).
9) By 1974, Intel had launched a popular microprocessor known as the 8080
and building home computers around it startes soon. The first was the MITS Altair 8800,
built by Ed Roberts.
10) Steve Wozniak (1950–) used a 6502 microprocessor (made by an Intel rival,
Mos Technology) to build a better home computer of his own: the Apple I.
11) In 1976, Gary Kildall (1942–1994), a teacher and computer scientist, and one
of the founders of the Homebrew Computer Club, wrote an operat.
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The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
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1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
3. These geniuses have been the most gifted people to the world
community who transformed the way we live and work today
4. Computer inventions that
date back to 2000 years
ago can't be compared with
the ones of this century,
but we simply can't neglect
the importance of even a
wooden Abacus machine
that laid the foundation of
future computers.
5. Charles Babbage: The Analytical Engine
• invented an analytical engine in 1822.
"Father of the
Computer"
• However, he couldn't actually build the
analytical engine, but was only able to
present it theoretically.
• His unfinished work was completed
by scientists in 1930
• His concept of analytical engine was
quite similar to the concepts of
modern-day computers that include
subroutines and input devices.
6. Alan Turing: The Turing
Machine
• Although, he did not design any computer,
Alan Turing, an English mathematician
and computer scientist has been one of
the most influential personalities in the
field of computer science.
• He provided a platform for formulating the
basic concept of algorithm and destined the
Turing machine, that was able to test the
intelligence of a machine.
• In fact, he pioneered in the field of artificial
intelligence. Today's, CAPTCHA code test on
Internet and computers has evolved from
Turing's ideas.
7. Konrad Zuse: The Z Series
Computers
• The German engineer, Konrad Zuse, in 1936,
invented the first electrical binary
programmable computer - the Z1, Z2, and Z3
were also introduced by Zuse in 1939 and 1941
respectively.
• Unfortunately, Zuse's efforts were
destroyed during second world war.
8. John Vincent Atanasoff & Clifford
Berry: Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
• Developed in the war phase of 1942,
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was
the world's first fully electronic
digital computer.
• Its inventors, John Vincent Atanasoff &
Clifford Berry shared the relationship
of a professor and a student.
• John was an America
electronics engineer
while Clifford his
student.
9. The US Army: ENIAC
• Financed by the US army and
developed by scientists John
Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly,
in 1946, the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) is
considered to be the first
mainstream digital computer ever
made.
• In fact ABC and ENIAC fought a legal
battle till 1973, when ABC was finally
declared to be the 1st digital
computer. ENIAC was mainly built for
US army research laboratory.
10. Gordon Bell and Ken Olson: PDP
(Programmed Data Processor)
• They invented the PDP in the year
1960s. Gordon Bell designed the
i/o system of the PDP-1.
Gordon Bell Ken Olson
• With time, there have been
several versions of this machine,
i.e., PDP-4, PDP-5, PDP-6,and
PDP-11.
• As a part of the DEC (Digital
Equipment Corporation),
Gordon Bell later designed the
VAX, which is DEC's best
computer.
11. What followed in years after 1950 is an
amazing history of computer development.
Further developments in the computer field
led to the invention of transistor (by John
Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley
in 1956),
Their invention the transistor,
has been called “the most
important invention of the 20th
Century.”
12. Integrated circuits (1959) and the computer processors by the iconic Intel.
Then came the brilliant Bill Gates and the legendary Steve Jobs who changed
the computer history.
Bill Gates Who Is The Founder Of
Microsoft
Steve Jobs Who is The Founder of
Apple Inc.
13. Internet history is also an integral
part of the history of computer
development as both can only
coexist. Computer development
saga, in essence, is a magnificent
example of impressive
developments through re-invention,
research, and innovation.