The history of computers began with the abacus in 2600 BC and progressed through mechanical calculators, programmable computers, the development of integrated circuits and microchips, the internet, and personal computers. Major developments included Charles Babbage's analytical engine in 1833, the first digital electronic computer created by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in 1939, the invention of the microchip by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1959, and the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990. These inventions paved the way for modern personal computing.

1. History of the Computer

2. The Abacus
• The first abacus was invented
around 2600 B.C.
• It is a hand-held wooden device
with rows of beads, to add,
subtract, divide and multiply

3. Digital Calculator
In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French
Mathematician and philosopher,
invents the first mechanical digital
calculator using gears, called the
Pascaline.

4. The Analytical Engine
• In 1833, Charles Babbage, a
computer pioneer, designed the first
automatic computing engines

5. Tabulating Machine
• Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first
electromechanical, punched-card data-
processing machine which was used to compile
information for the 1890 U.S. census.
In 1924, Hollerith founded
International Business
Machines (IBM).

6. Electronic Digital Computer
• In 1939, Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry
build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the
Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the
advances in electronic digital computers

7. Programmable Computer
• 1941 - Konrad Zuse introduced the first
programmable, fully automatic computer. It was
designed to solve complex engineering equations.
This machine was called the Z3

8. Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)
• In 1945, Alan Turing joined the National Physical
Library in London to design an early electronic
stored-program computer
• His report was the first relatively complete
specification of an electronic stored-program
general-purpose digital computer - very detailed
• His proposal supplied detailed circuit designs and
specification of hardware units, specimen programs
in machine code, and even an estimate of the cost of
building the machine
• His design called for a high-speed memory of
roughly the same capacity as an early Macintosh
computer (enormous by the standards of his day)

9. UNIVAC 1
In 1951, the UNIVAC 1
(Universal Automatic
Computer) was designed by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly
The first UNIVAC came on line for the
U.S. Government's Census Bureau. The
first commercial customer to purchase a
UNIVAC was the Prudential Insurance
Company.
8 UNIVACs were installed and in
operation:
Bureau of the Census, Commerce Dept.,
Suitland, Maryland
Office of the Air Comptroller, USAF, Washington,
D.C.
Army Map Service, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C.
New York University (for Atomic Energy
Commission), NY, NY
University of Cal., Radiation Laboratory,
Livermore, California
David Taylor Model Basin, U.S.N. Bureau of
Ships, Maryland
Prudential Insurance Company
General Electric CompanyElectric Company

10. The “Chip”
• In 1959, Jack St. Clair Kilby and Robert
Noyce of Texas Instruments
manufactured the first integrated circuit,
or chip (microchip) and were the
founders of INTEL
• The microchip enabled the development
of personal computers, mobile phones
and many other electric household
goods,

11. • The invention of the chip led to the development of even
smaller chips that produced faster and better results
• Up to this point computers were large - mainframe
computers, including IBM’s System 360 designed by
Gene Amdahl in 1960

12. The Minicomputer
• In 1963, Ken Olsen introduces the first minicomputer developed
by the Digital Equipment Corporation, founded by Olsen
• This was a huge developmental breakthrough in the world of
technology

13. The Internet
• The internet was
brought online in
1969

14. The Altair
• "Ed" Roberts American engineer, entrepreneur
and medical doctor designed the first
commercially successful personal computer in
1975.
• The new computer used the new Intel 8080
microprocessor.

15. Osborne I
• In 1981, Adam Osborne completed the first portable computer,
the Osborne I, which weighed 24 pounds and cost $1,795. The
price made the machine especially attractive, as it included
software worth about $1,500. The machine featured a 5-inch
display, 64 kilobytes of memory, a modem, and two 5 1/4-inch
floppy disk drives

16. Commodore 64
• In 1982, Commodore introduces
the Commodore 64. The C64, as
it was better known, sold for $595,
came with 64KB of RAM and
featured impressive graphics.
Thousands of software titles were
released over the lifespan of the
C64. By the time the C64 was
discontinued in 1993, it had sold
more than 22 million units and is
recognized by the 2006 Guinness
Book of World Records as the
greatest selling single computer
model of all time.

17. • Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak
began Apple Computer in 1976
• A year later, the Apple II was created
and included color graphics and which
housed its electronics inside a plastic
case. Programmers began creating
applications for the Apple II at Jobs'
urging; soon there were more than
15,000 applications available for the
machine. This, the first mass marketed
personal computer, took Apple to a new
realm of success.
Apple Computer

18. Macintosh
• Apple Computer launched the
Macintosh, the first successful
mouse-driven computer with a
graphic user interface, with a
single $1.5 million commercial
during the 1984 Super Bowl.
Based on the Motorola 68000
microprocessor, the Macintosh
included many of the Lisa’s
features at a much more
affordable price: $2,500.

19. Microsoft
• In 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen create
Microsoft
• In 1980, Gates discovered MS-DOS a
computer software that would run on any
PC computer
• By 1983, Microsoft was going global with
offices in Great Britain and Japan, and with
30 percent of the world's computers running
on its software.
• In November 1985, Bill Gates and Microsoft
launched Windows
•Bill Gates stepped down from the day-to-day operations of Microsoft in 2000,
turning over the job of CEO to college friend Steve Ballmer who had been with
Microsoft since 1980. He still remains chairman of the board.
•His last full day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008

20. World Wide Web
• In 1990, the World Wide Web was born when Tim
Berners-Lee, developed HyperText Markup
Language. HTML, as it is commonly known, allowed
the Internet to expand into the World Wide Web,
using specifications he developed such as URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) and HTTP (HyperText
Transfer Protocol). A browser, such as Netscape or
Microsoft Internet Explorer, follows links and sends a
query to a server, allowing a user to view a site.