This document profiles 12 pioneering computer scientists and inventors: Charles Babbage originated the concept of a programmable computer. Claude Shannon founded information theory and contributed to codebreaking. Alan Turing was influential in developing concepts of algorithms and computation with the Turing machine. John von Neumann's idea of storing programs and data in memory became the basis of modern computer architecture. William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invented the transistor at Bell Labs. Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse and developed concepts of hypertext and graphical user interfaces. Robert Noyce co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel, realizing the first integrated circuit. Steve Wozniak designed the Apple I and Apple II computers

1. MEN BEHIND COMPUTERS
PRESENTED BY: MEL ED LABROSO
GRADE 10 SPECIAL SCIENCE CLASS

2. CHARLES
BABBAGE
• A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer,
Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.
• Considered by some to be a father of the computer Babbage is
credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually
led to more complex electronic designs, though all the essential
ideas of modern computers are to be found in Babbage's analytical
engine.

3. CLAUDE
SHANNON
• was an American mathematician, electrical engineer,
and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory“.
• Shannon is noted for having founded information theory with a
landmark paper, A Mathematical Theory of Communication, that he
published in 1948.
• Shannon contributed to the field of cryptanalysis for national defense
during World War II, including his fundamental work on codebreaking

4. ALAN TURING
Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS was a British pioneering computer scientist,
mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, mathematical biologist,
and marathon and ultra distance runner.
He was highly influential in the development of computer science, providing
a formalisation of the concepts of "algorithm" and "computation" with the
Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose
computer.

5. JOHN VON
NEUMANN
• Wrote a paper on the idea that programs should be stored in
memory along with the data. Previous to this, programs were
"hardwired" into the architecture of the computer. This became
known as the von Neumann architecture and is the basis for
virtually all modern computers.

6. WILLIAM
SHOCKLEY
• William Bradford Shockley Jr. was an American physicist and inventor.
Shockley was the manager of a research group that included John
Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, the duo who invented the transistor.
• The three were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the
1950s and 1960s led to California's "Silicon Valley" becoming a hotbed
of electronics innovation.

7. DOUGLAS
ENGELBART
• Douglas Carl Engelbart was an American engineer and inventor, and an
early computer and Internet pioneer.
• He is best known for his work on the challenges of human–computer
interaction, particularly while at his Augmentation Research Center Lab
in SRI International, resulting in the invention of the computer mouse,
and the development of hypertext, networked computers, and
precursors to graphical user interfaces.

8. ROBERT
NOYCE
• Robert Norton Noyce, nicknamed "the Mayor of Silicon Valley,"
co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957 and Intel
Corporation in 1968. He is also credited with the realization of
the first integrated circuit or microchip which fueled the
personal computer revolution

9. STEVE
WOZNIAK
• Stephen Gary "Steve" Wozniak, known as "Woz", is an American
inventor, electronics engineer, and computer programmer who
co-founded Apple Computer with Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne.
Wozniak single-handedly designed both the Apple I and Apple
II computers in the late 1970s.

10. GRACE MURRAY
HOPPER
• Rear Admiral "Amazing Grace" Hopper was among the first
programmers, created the first compiler, and popularized the
term "debugging". She envisioned machine-independent
programming languages, and led the creation of the first
widespread programming language - COBOL. She was also
instrumental in the development of the Harvard Mark I, II, and
III computers, as well as the UNIVAC.

11. VINT CERF
• American Internet pioneer, who is recognized as one of the
fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-
inventor. His contributions have been acknowledged and
lauded, repeatedly, with honorary degrees and awards that
include the National Medal of Technolog. In the early days, Cerf
was a manager for the United States' Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funding various groups to