Introduction to Boolean algebra, Sum of Products and Product of Sums expressions (SOP and POS expressions), basic laws of Boolean algebra, De-Morgan's law.
Author: Jonas Mendes from Huge Rio.
This presentation covers what have changed from the previous ES5 version of Javascript, and the main new features of ES6 or ES2015.
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
It deals with various functional forms in regression along with the derivation and interpretation of the slope and elasticity values of each of the models. The frequently used models of log-lin, lin-log and log-log models are also adequately elaborated. The link of the MS powerpoint used in this video is also given separately as a pinned comment.
Author: Jonas Mendes from Huge Rio.
This presentation covers what have changed from the previous ES5 version of Javascript, and the main new features of ES6 or ES2015.
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
It deals with various functional forms in regression along with the derivation and interpretation of the slope and elasticity values of each of the models. The frequently used models of log-lin, lin-log and log-log models are also adequately elaborated. The link of the MS powerpoint used in this video is also given separately as a pinned comment.
Lecture notes on Functional dependencies, normal forms, first, second, third normal forms, BCNF, inclusion dependence, loss less join decompositions, normalization using FD, MVD, and JDs, alternative approaches to database design.
This presentation discusses the following Fuzzy logic concepts:
Introduction
Crisp Variables
Fuzzy Variables
Fuzzy Logic Operators
Fuzzy Control
Case Study
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
Lecture notes on Functional dependencies, normal forms, first, second, third normal forms, BCNF, inclusion dependence, loss less join decompositions, normalization using FD, MVD, and JDs, alternative approaches to database design.
This presentation discusses the following Fuzzy logic concepts:
Introduction
Crisp Variables
Fuzzy Variables
Fuzzy Logic Operators
Fuzzy Control
Case Study
Knowledge Based Reasoning: Agents, Facets of Knowledge. Logic and Inferences: Formal Logic,
Propositional and First Order Logic, Resolution in Propositional and First Order Logic, Deductive
Retrieval, Backward Chaining, Second order Logic. Knowledge Representation: Conceptual
Dependency, Frames, Semantic nets.
Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra that deals with logical expressions and operations on them. It uses binary variables (0 and 1) and logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT to represent and manipulate logical expressions.
In Boolean algebra, the basic operations are:
AND: denoted by the symbol (&), it produces a 1 output only when all of its inputs are 1.
OR: denoted by the symbol (|), it produces a 1 output when at least one of its inputs is 1.
NOT: denoted by the symbol (~), it produces an output that is the opposite of its input.
Boolean algebra can be used to simplify logical expressions by applying the laws of Boolean algebra. These laws include the commutative, associative, distributive, and De Morgan's laws. By simplifying logical expressions, we can reduce the complexity of digital circuits, making them more efficient and easier to design.
Boolean algebra is widely used in digital electronics, computer science, and other fields where logical reasoning is important. It provides a formal framework for dealing with logical expressions, and it is a fundamental tool for designing and analyzing digital circuits.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Computer and Network Technology (CNT) - Lecture 04
1. Chapter: Fundamentals
Lesson: Boolean Algebra
Lecturer: Susantha Herath PGD in IT (MBCS), PGD in Marketing (Uni. Of Kln)
Lecture 04
bcsonlinelectures.com
2. Boolean Algebra is the mathematic
representation of operation of logic gates
(and digital circuits).
Boolean Algebra has variables (input and
output) and operators (AND, OR
Complement).
Operation of a logic gate (and digital circuit)
can be represented using a Boolean function.
Truth table is used to illustrate the results of
a Boolean function.
3. There are two types of boolean expressions
◦ Sum of Products (SOP) expressions
◦ Product of Sums (POS) expressions
SOP expression
◦ A product term is produced when one or more boolean
variables are logically multiplied. It is also called
minterm. When two or more product terms are logically
added a SOP expression is formed.
POS expression
◦ A sum term is produced when one or more boolean
variables are logically added. This is also called maxtern.
When two or more sum terms are logically multiplied a
POS expression is formed.
4. In Boolean algebra a variable can have only
either 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE) values. In Boolean
algebra 1 is stands to represent the state of
TRUE, not integer value 1. Also 0 stands to
represent the state of FALSE, not the integer
value 0. Therefore addition and multiplication
works differently than we normally do in
mathematics.
In Boolean algebra we do only addition and
multiplication.
7. According to basic laws of Boolean algebra
there is an important feature called “Basic
Duality”. It says that every boolean function
has a dual function.
The duality principle ensures that "if we
exchange every symbol by its dual in a
formula, we get the dual result".
Everywhere we see 1, change to 0.
Everywhere we see 0, change to 1.
Similarly, + to ., and . to +.
8. More examples:
0 . 1 = 0: is a true statement "false and true evaluates
to false“ it’s a basic law.
Now lets replace all values and operations by its
opposite value.
1 + 0 = 1: is the dual of (a): it is a true statement that
"true or false evaluates true.“ it is also a basic law.
Like this, in every formula, if we replace every value
and operation by its opposite, including the result, we
get a valid formula.
9. This is a very useful law in boolean algebra. This allows
to get the complement of a boolean expression. This
represent the basic duality of boolean algebra and
mostly used when we design circuits using NAND and
NOR gates.
(x + y)’ = x’.y’
(x.y)’ = x’ + y’
To get the complement of a boolean expression, do the
following two steps;
1. Replace all values in the expression by its opposite.
2. Replace all “+” with “.” and vise versa.