Timely analysis and constant intensive care of patient’spainsince eye ailmentsmustremainedmainworries in the computer-aided detection (CAD) ways and means. Intuitingsole or fewprecisestyles of retinal wrongs has setanessentialorigination in computed-aid screen in the first few dates. Thus far, in line for to range of retinal wrongs and multilayeredcommonusefulproductions, unplannedinnovation of wounds with unrevealed and wide-rangingstylesas retina leavingsanexcitingwork. In this pattern, a weakly supervised practice, demandingjustanorder of common and not level retinal picturesunderprivileged ofvital to justluster their places and multiplicities, is helpful for this charge. Specifically, a eye copy is considered as a superposition of related, blood vessels and related noise (lesions embraced for unequaldescriptions). Background is given as low-rank formfollowed by preprocessing steps, plusthree-Dplan, color regularization and blood vesselsrejection. Related noise is eyed as stochastic changeable and reputableover Gaussian for classicimageries and mixture of Gaussian (MoG) for asymmetricalpictures, harmoniously. The comingrun throughcodes together the relatedfacts of fundus pictures and the related noise into on its ownone and only ideal, and corporately enriches the idealbytypical and unequalpictures, which absolutelyexpose the low-rank subspace of the related and discriminate the wounds from related noise in unequal fundus pictures. Lastly, Ada boost classification process is castoff to increasesensing retinal injuries and to categorize the kinds of injuryusing a group of usual ones for exercisetopographies. Investigationalconsequencesprove that the future method is of wellskillscorrectness and outdoes the precedingconnectedapproaches.
Faro An Interactive Interface For Remote Administration Of Clinical Tests Bas...Kalle
A challenging goal today is the use of computer networking and advanced
monitoring technologies to extend human intellectual capabilities in medical decision making. Modern commercial eye trackers
are used in many of research fields, but the improvement of eye tracking technology, in terms of precision on the eye movements capture, has led to consider the eye tracker as a tool for vision analysis, so that its application in medical research, e.g. in ophthalmology, cognitive psychology and in neuroscience has grown considerably. The improvements of the human eye tracker interface become more and more important to allow medical doctors to increase their diagnosis capacity, especially if the interface allows them to remotely administer the clinical tests more appropriate for the problem at hand. In this paper, we propose a client/server eye tracking system that provides an interactive system for monitoring patients eye movements depending on the clinical test administered by the medical doctors. The system supports the retrieval of the gaze information and provides statistics to both medical research and disease diagnosis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Faro An Interactive Interface For Remote Administration Of Clinical Tests Bas...Kalle
A challenging goal today is the use of computer networking and advanced
monitoring technologies to extend human intellectual capabilities in medical decision making. Modern commercial eye trackers
are used in many of research fields, but the improvement of eye tracking technology, in terms of precision on the eye movements capture, has led to consider the eye tracker as a tool for vision analysis, so that its application in medical research, e.g. in ophthalmology, cognitive psychology and in neuroscience has grown considerably. The improvements of the human eye tracker interface become more and more important to allow medical doctors to increase their diagnosis capacity, especially if the interface allows them to remotely administer the clinical tests more appropriate for the problem at hand. In this paper, we propose a client/server eye tracking system that provides an interactive system for monitoring patients eye movements depending on the clinical test administered by the medical doctors. The system supports the retrieval of the gaze information and provides statistics to both medical research and disease diagnosis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
From unimodal image classification to integrative multimodal deep learning pipelines in disease classification, disease management and predictive personalised healthcare.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Glaucoma is the most leading cause of irreversible blindness with the population of Africa and Asia ranking the highest over the rate of glaucoma affected regions around the world. The defect will damage eyes irreversibly by affecting the optic cup and optic disc of an eye. The early detection of glaucoma is an unavoidable need in the medical field. The widely used technique to detect glaucoma is an invasive method that may lead to other effects on the eye. This reason led to the introduction of a non invasive method that follows image processing for the detection of glaucoma. Retinal image based detection is the best way to choose as it comes under non invasive methods of detection. Detection of glaucoma using retinal images requires various medical features of the eyes such as optic cup diameter, optic disc diameter and optic cup to disc ratio are used. Glaucoma disease detection from retinal images supports convolutional neural networks CNN . The textual features obtained from retinal images such as the optic cup to optic disc measures are used for this classification. Convolutional Neural Networks use little pre processing techniques that can be implemented relatively uncomplicated compared to other image classification techniques. The implementation of this project follows the traditional CNN architecture, applying filter layers such as Convolution layer and Pooling layer and also activation functions such as ReLu function and sigmoid function to pre process as well as to update weights respectively on the hidden layers of the CNN followed by classifying the image. Vishnubhotla Poornasree | Vijayagiri Ashritha | Venumula Deeksha Reddy | J. Srilatha ""Glaucoma Detection from Retinal Images"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23732.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/23732/glaucoma-detection-from-retinal-images/vishnubhotla-poornasree
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Implantation of Toric Multifocal IOL
Based on Automated Corneal Shape Analysis –
Comparison with a Manual Technique, presented at ASCRS 2018 – by Philipp Hagen, D. Breyer, H. Kaymak, K. Klabe, T. Ax, F. Kretz, G. Auffarth
Tien Measuring Situation Awareness Of Surgeons In Laparoscopic TrainingKalle
The study of surgeons’ eye movements is an innovative way of assessing skill and situation awareness, in that a comparison of eye movement strategies between expert surgeons and novices may show differences that can be used in training. Our preliminary study compared eye movements of 4 experts and
4 novices performing a simulated gall bladder removal task on a
dummy patient with an audible heartbeat and simulated vital signs displayed on a secondary monitor. We used a head-mounted Locarna PT-Mini eyetracker to record fixation locations during the operation. The results showed that novices concentrated so hard on the surgical
display that they were hardly able to look at the patient’s vital signs, even when heart rate audibly changed during the procedure. In comparison, experts glanced occasionally at the vitals monitor, thus being able to observe the patient condition.
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
FUZZY CLUSTERING BASED GLAUCOMA DETECTION USING THE CDR sipij
Glaucoma is a serious eye disease, overtime it will result in gradual blindness. Early detection of thedisease will help prevent against developing a more serious condition. A vertical cup-to-disc ratio which isthe ratio of the vertical diameter of the optic cup to that of the optic disc, of the fundus eye image is an important clinical indicator for glaucoma diagnosis. This paper presents an automated method for the extraction of optic disc and optic cup using Fuzzy C Means clustering technique combined with
thresholding. Using the extracted optic disc and optic cup the vertical cup-to-disc ratio was calculated.
The validity of this new method has been tested on 365 colour fundus images from two different publicly
available databases DRION, DIARATDB0 and images from an ophthalmologist. The result of the method
seems to be promising and useful for clinical work.
An Efficient Integrated Approach for the Detection of Exudates and Diabetic M...acijjournal
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness. Exudates are one of the primary signs of diabetic retinopathy which is a main cause of blindness that could be prevented with an early screening process In this approach, the process and knowledge of digital image processing to diagnose exudates
from images of retina is applied. An automated method to detect and localize the presence of exudates and Maculopathy from low-contrast digital images of Retinopathy patient’s with non-dilated pupils is proposed. First, the image is segmented using colour K-means Clustering algorithm. The segmented image along with Optic Disc (OD) is chosen. To Classify these segmented region, features based on colour and texture are extracted. The selected feature vector are then classified into exudates and nonexudates using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. Also the detection of Diabetic Maculopathy,
which is the severe stage of Diabetic Retinopathy is performed using Morphological Operation. Using a clinical reference standard, images with exudates were detected with 96% success rate. This method appears promising as it can detect the very small areas of exudates.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
From unimodal image classification to integrative multimodal deep learning pipelines in disease classification, disease management and predictive personalised healthcare.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Glaucoma is the most leading cause of irreversible blindness with the population of Africa and Asia ranking the highest over the rate of glaucoma affected regions around the world. The defect will damage eyes irreversibly by affecting the optic cup and optic disc of an eye. The early detection of glaucoma is an unavoidable need in the medical field. The widely used technique to detect glaucoma is an invasive method that may lead to other effects on the eye. This reason led to the introduction of a non invasive method that follows image processing for the detection of glaucoma. Retinal image based detection is the best way to choose as it comes under non invasive methods of detection. Detection of glaucoma using retinal images requires various medical features of the eyes such as optic cup diameter, optic disc diameter and optic cup to disc ratio are used. Glaucoma disease detection from retinal images supports convolutional neural networks CNN . The textual features obtained from retinal images such as the optic cup to optic disc measures are used for this classification. Convolutional Neural Networks use little pre processing techniques that can be implemented relatively uncomplicated compared to other image classification techniques. The implementation of this project follows the traditional CNN architecture, applying filter layers such as Convolution layer and Pooling layer and also activation functions such as ReLu function and sigmoid function to pre process as well as to update weights respectively on the hidden layers of the CNN followed by classifying the image. Vishnubhotla Poornasree | Vijayagiri Ashritha | Venumula Deeksha Reddy | J. Srilatha ""Glaucoma Detection from Retinal Images"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23732.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/23732/glaucoma-detection-from-retinal-images/vishnubhotla-poornasree
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Implantation of Toric Multifocal IOL
Based on Automated Corneal Shape Analysis –
Comparison with a Manual Technique, presented at ASCRS 2018 – by Philipp Hagen, D. Breyer, H. Kaymak, K. Klabe, T. Ax, F. Kretz, G. Auffarth
Tien Measuring Situation Awareness Of Surgeons In Laparoscopic TrainingKalle
The study of surgeons’ eye movements is an innovative way of assessing skill and situation awareness, in that a comparison of eye movement strategies between expert surgeons and novices may show differences that can be used in training. Our preliminary study compared eye movements of 4 experts and
4 novices performing a simulated gall bladder removal task on a
dummy patient with an audible heartbeat and simulated vital signs displayed on a secondary monitor. We used a head-mounted Locarna PT-Mini eyetracker to record fixation locations during the operation. The results showed that novices concentrated so hard on the surgical
display that they were hardly able to look at the patient’s vital signs, even when heart rate audibly changed during the procedure. In comparison, experts glanced occasionally at the vitals monitor, thus being able to observe the patient condition.
Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment planning1 /certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
FUZZY CLUSTERING BASED GLAUCOMA DETECTION USING THE CDR sipij
Glaucoma is a serious eye disease, overtime it will result in gradual blindness. Early detection of thedisease will help prevent against developing a more serious condition. A vertical cup-to-disc ratio which isthe ratio of the vertical diameter of the optic cup to that of the optic disc, of the fundus eye image is an important clinical indicator for glaucoma diagnosis. This paper presents an automated method for the extraction of optic disc and optic cup using Fuzzy C Means clustering technique combined with
thresholding. Using the extracted optic disc and optic cup the vertical cup-to-disc ratio was calculated.
The validity of this new method has been tested on 365 colour fundus images from two different publicly
available databases DRION, DIARATDB0 and images from an ophthalmologist. The result of the method
seems to be promising and useful for clinical work.
An Efficient Integrated Approach for the Detection of Exudates and Diabetic M...acijjournal
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness. Exudates are one of the primary signs of diabetic retinopathy which is a main cause of blindness that could be prevented with an early screening process In this approach, the process and knowledge of digital image processing to diagnose exudates
from images of retina is applied. An automated method to detect and localize the presence of exudates and Maculopathy from low-contrast digital images of Retinopathy patient’s with non-dilated pupils is proposed. First, the image is segmented using colour K-means Clustering algorithm. The segmented image along with Optic Disc (OD) is chosen. To Classify these segmented region, features based on colour and texture are extracted. The selected feature vector are then classified into exudates and nonexudates using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. Also the detection of Diabetic Maculopathy,
which is the severe stage of Diabetic Retinopathy is performed using Morphological Operation. Using a clinical reference standard, images with exudates were detected with 96% success rate. This method appears promising as it can detect the very small areas of exudates.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
PSO-HRVSO: Segmentation of Retinal Vessels Through Homomorphic Filtering Enha...sipij
The structure of retinal blood vessels is crucial for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy, a leading
cause of blindness worldwide. Yet, accurately segmenting retinal vessels poses significant challenges due
to the low contrast and noise present in capillaries.The automated segmentation of retinal blood vessels
significantly enhances Computer-Aided Diagnosis for diverse ophthalmic and cardiovascular conditions. It
is imperative to develop a method capable of segmenting both thin and thick retinal vessels to facilitate
medical analysis and disease diagnosis effectively. This article introduces a novel methodology for robust
vessel segmentation, addressing prevalent challenges identified in existing literature.
PSO-HRVSO: SEGMENTATION OF RETINAL VESSELS THROUGH HOMOMORPHIC FILTERING ENHA...sipij
The structure of retinal blood vessels is crucial for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy, a leading
cause of blindness worldwide. Yet, accurately segmenting retinal vessels poses significant challenges due
to the low contrast and noise present in capillaries.The automated segmentation of retinal blood vessels
significantly enhances Computer-Aided Diagnosis for diverse ophthalmic and cardiovascular conditions. It
is imperative to develop a method capable of segmenting both thin and thick retinal vessels to facilitate
medical analysis and disease diagnosis effectively. This article introduces a novel methodology for robust
vessel segmentation, addressing prevalent challenges identified in existing literature.
The methodology PSO-HRVSO comprises three key stages: pre-processing, main processing, and postprocessing. In the initial stage, filters are employed for image smoothing and enhancement, leveraging
PSO optimization. The main processing phase is bifurcated into two configurations. Initially, thick vessels
are segmented utilizing an optimized top-hat approach, homo-morphic filtering, and median filter. Subsequently, the second configuration targets thin vessel segmentation, employing the optimized top-hat method, homomorphic filtering, and matched filter. Lastly, morphological image operations are conducted during the post-processing stage.
The PSO-HRVSO method underwent evaluation using two publicly accessible databases (DRIVE and
STARE), measuring performance across three key metrics: specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Analysis
of the outcomes revealed averages of 0.9891, 0.8577, and 0.0.9852 for the DRIVE dataset, and 0.9868,
0.8576, and 0.9831 for the STARE dataset, respectively.
The PSO-HRVSO technique yields numerical results that demonstrate competitive average values when
compared to current methods. Moreover, it sur-passes all leading unsupervised methods in terms of specificity and accuracy. Additionally, it outperforms the majority of state-of-the-art supervised methods without
incurring the computational costs associated with such algorithms. Detailed visual analysis reveals that
the PSO-HRVSO approach enables a more precise segmentation of thin vessels compared to alternative
procedures.
Discovering Abnormal Patches and Transformations of Diabetics Retinopathy in ...cscpconf
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the retinal diseases due to long-term effect of diabetes.
Early detection for diabetic retinopathy is crucial since timely treatment can prevent
progressive loss of vision. The most common diagnosis technique of diabetic retinopathy is to
screen abnormalities through retinal fundus images by clinicians. However, limited number of
well-trained clinicians increase the possibilities of misdiagnosing. In this work, we propose a
big-data-driven automatic computer-aided diagnosing (CAD) system for diabetic retinopathy
severity regression based on transfer learning, which starts from a deep convolutional neural
network pre-trained on generic images, and adapts it to large-scale DR datasets. From images
in the training set, we also automatically segment the abnormal patches with an occlusion test,
and model the transformations and deterioration process of DR. Our results can be widely used
for fast diagnosis of DR, medical education and public-level healthcare propagation.
DISCOVERING ABNORMAL PATCHES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF DIABETICS RETINOPATHY IN ...csandit
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the retinal diseases due to long-term effect of diabetes.Early detection for diabetic retinopathy is crucial since timely treatment can prevent
progressive loss of vision. The most common diagnosis technique of diabetic retinopathy is to screen abnormalities through retinal fundus images by clinicians. However, limited number of well-trained clinicians increase the possibilities of misdiagnosing. In this work, we propose a big-data-driven automatic computer-aided diagnosing (CAD) system for diabetic retinopathy severity regression based on transfer learning, which starts from a deep convolutional neural
network pre-trained on generic images, and adapts it to large-scale DR datasets. From images in the training set, we also automatically segment the abnormal patches with an occlusion test,and model the transformations and deterioration process of DR. Our results can be widely used for fast diagnosis of DR, medical education and public-level healthcare propagation.
Detection of Glaucoma using Optic Disk and Incremental Cup Segmentation from ...theijes
Medical researchers, detection of eye disease is very important because it may causes blindness. Glaucoma is one of the diseases that cause blindness. Standard procedure for detection glaucoma is to analysis of optic disk (OD) and cup region in retinal image. In this paper, introduce an automatic OD parameterized technique which is based on segmentation and Incremental Cup segmentation. The incremental cup segmentation method is based on anatomical evidence such as vessel bends at the cup boundary, considered relevant by glaucoma experts. Bends in a vessel are robustly detected using a region of support concept, which automatically selects the right scale for analysis. A multi-stage strategy is applied to derive a reliable subset of vessel bends called r-bends followed by a local 2-D spline fitting to derive the desired cup boundary. The results are compared with existing methods using different retinal images.
Neuroendoscopy Adapter Module Development for Better Brain Tumor Image Visual...IJECEIAES
The issue of brain magnetic resonance image exploration together with classification receives a significant awareness in recent years. Indeed, various computer-aided-diagnosis solutions were suggested to support radiologist in decision-making. In this circumstance, adequate image classification is extremely required as it is the most common critical brain tumors which often develop from subdural hematoma cells, which might be common type in adults. In healthcare milieu, brain MRIs are intended for identification of tumor. In this regard, various computerized diagnosis systems were suggested to help medical professionals in clinical decision-making. As per recent problems, Neuroendoscopy is the gold standard intended for discovering brain tumors; nevertheless, typical Neuroendoscopy can certainly overlook ripped growths. Neuroendoscopy is a minimally-invasive surgical procedure in which the neurosurgeon removes the tumor through small holes in the skull or through the mouth or nose. Neuroendoscopy enables neurosurgeons to access areas of the brain that cannot be reached with traditional surgery to remove the tumor without cutting or harming other parts of the skull. We focused on finding out whether or not visual images of tumor ripped lesions ended up being much better by auto fluorescence image resolution as well as narrow-band image resolution graphic evaluation jointly with the latest neuroendoscopy technique. Also, within the last several years, pathology labs began to proceed in the direction of an entirely digital workflow, using the electronic slides currently being the key element of this technique. Besides lots of benefits regarding storage as well as exploring capabilities with the image information, among the benefits of electronic slides is that they can help the application of image analysis approaches which seek to develop quantitative attributes to assist pathologists in their work. However, systems also have some difficulties in execution and handling. Hence, such conventional method needs automation. We developed and employed to look for the targeted importance along with uncovering the best-focused graphic position by way of aliasing search method incorporated with new Neuroendoscopy Adapter Module (NAM) technique.
Small overview of the startups involved in healthcare artificial intelligence, the OCT market, investments, patent and IP issues and FDA regulation.
Alternative download link: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/6757026/slideShare/retinalAI_landscape.pdf
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
Hepatitis B and C are one of the most commonly transmitted viral infections through needlestick injury apart from HIV. It is highly prevalent in India and many other developing countries. It accounts for high mortality rate globally amongst low socio-economic groups of individuals. Healthcare workers, especially dental professionals are at higher risk of infection due to high exposure to saliva, blood and sharps. Accidental occupational exposure to non-sterile conditions and its development to more critical and fatal conditions can be reduced through vaccination, prophylactic medications and practicing high safety measures.
This review article focuses on transmission of hepatitis through sharps injuries in medicine, especially dentistry, its prevention, management, post-exposure prophylaxis and the corresponding content.
More from Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore (20)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Computer Aided Diagnosis For Retinal Lesion Detection Based on Adaptive Boosting Classifier
1. Our Heritage
ISSN: 0474-9030
Vol-68-Issue-1-January-2020
P a g e | 8886 Copyright ⓒ 2019Authors
Computer Aided Diagnosis For Retinal Lesion Detection Based on
Adaptive Boosting Classifier
R.WincyJenefer1
, Dr.G.Karpagarajesh2,*
, S.SherlinLeela Princy3
, R.HelenVedanayagi
Anita 4
, M.Martina5
1,3,4,5
PG student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of
Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu,India.
*
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government
College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu,India.
Corresponding Email-Id: wincyjene@gmail.com
ABSTRACT—
Timely analysis and constant intensive care of patient’spainsince eye
ailmentsmustremainedmainworries in the computer-aided detection (CAD) ways and means.
Intuitingsole or fewprecisestyles of retinal wrongs has setanessentialorigination in computed-aid
screen in the first few dates. Thus far, in line for to range of retinal wrongs and
multilayeredcommonusefulproductions, unplannedinnovation of wounds with unrevealed and wide-
rangingstylesas retina leavingsanexcitingwork. In this pattern, a weakly supervised practice,
demandingjustanorder of common and not level retinal picturesunderprivileged ofvital to justluster
their places and multiplicities, is helpful for this charge. Specifically, a eye copy is considered as a
superposition of related, blood vessels and related noise (lesions embraced for unequaldescriptions).
Background is given as low-rank formfollowed by preprocessing steps, plusthree-Dplan, color
regularization and blood vesselsrejection. Related noise is eyed as stochastic changeable and
reputableover Gaussian for classicimageries and mixture of Gaussian (MoG) for
asymmetricalpictures, harmoniously. The comingrun throughcodes together the relatedfacts of fundus
pictures and the related noise into on its ownone and only ideal, and corporately enriches the
idealbytypical and unequalpictures, which absolutelyexpose the low-rank subspace of the related and
discriminate the wounds from related noise in unequal fundus pictures. Lastly, Ada boost
classification process is castoff to increasesensing retinal injuries and to categorize the kinds of
injuryusing a group of usual ones for exercisetopographies. Investigationalconsequencesprove that the
future method is of wellskillscorrectness and outdoes the precedingconnectedapproaches.
I - INTRODUCTION
Vision related issues found in the eye, are ultimatebiggestcauses of loss of sight in the
industrializedatmosphere. Preliminaryexamination and nonstopinspection of patient’sdiscomfort from
eye sicknesses can crucial to an accessibleact to end vision harm and sightlessness. Notwithstanding
2. Our Heritage
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their talentedconsequences, these processes can remainmutualstraight to noticenumerousinjuries by in
a rowvariousdiscoveryprocedures, each one for a dissimilarinjury, in similar. Though, the part added
will hurt from dualmainbounds. First, manytechniquesunited in similar way can only find
priorvarieties of eyedamagesrestricted by smaller units of thearrangement, which found it critical to
say whether eye is fine or not. Next, as the small units rises in number it causes more
amount.Thenextset of methodologiesfinding eye problems is image-based discriminative. A
familiarway of this method is use a classifier to separate damaged eye images from good ones. But,
this can only tell if the images is infected or not but cannot find its region. Also, this method cannot
find the damages whose data’s are insufficient in the validation set.Lately, few finding ways based on
deep learning had also comes into existence by knowing varied previous images from duosof
damaged eye pictures and good ones. These approaches can hypotheticallynoticemanifold retinal
injuriesmeanwhile they are accomplished of knowledge the exactmultifacetedailmentdesigns. Though,
the essential of pre-collecting greatquantity of powerfullyoversawfirst-
classusual/irregularcopycouples to just practice the profoundspecificcopiesends the finding of
insufficientwounds.Lately, several newprocesses on CNNs has come, which can makewarmthplans to
high spotuncertainpartseven sosingleimportant image-level organizations. These tactics have careuse
and the shapedwarmthplansto be which pixels displayextraweightytypes in formationof the picture
kind tagging.
The finalcollection of techniques for finding eye diseases is image-based non-discriminative.
In, a retinal arithmeticalbook of maps space and subspace founded on mainconstituentexamination are
erectedrendering to usualimageries, and at that time the boardcopy is changed to the pre-learnt spaces,
such that injuries can remaineffortlesslypartedby means ofscheming the remotenesschartamid the
boardcopy and typicalcopy in these spaces. Though, this canonly find bright offends and the
technique designed can barelyfindwoundswith various proportions where the conveyance of wounds
isanticipated to be Gaussian. Arranged a lexicon-dependarrangement to marka number ofscleroses,
overbring togetheranexcessivefigure of fine imitationconceals to engross a lexis, such that the
boardimitation can be patch-wisely reconvened and previouslyunevenpartsindicate residualplanwithin
the boardreplica and the reassembledduplicate, which ascentsreconstruct the relativeinformation.
II - LITERATURE SURVEY
Seoud, et. al., (2016) suggestaoriginaltechnique for involuntarydiscovery of togethermicro
aneurysms and internal bleeding in color fundus imageries is labeled and authenticated. The main
influence is ainnovativeregular of formtopographies, namedActiveFormTopographies that do not
needexactdivision of the areas to be categorized. These topographiessignify the development of the
formin the course ofcopyinundating and let to distinguishamidinjuries and vessel sections. The
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technique is authenticated per-lesion alsofor eachcopyby means of six databases, four of which are
openlyobtainable. It shows to be healthy with admiration to changeability in copydetermination,
excellence and gainingscheme.
Lazar et. al., (2013) plannedtechniqueunderstands MA discoveryover the examination of
steering cross-section outlinesfocused on the keysensational pixels of the preprocessed counterfeit.
Bestinference is pro-active on every singleprecipitous, by the same token a set of belongingsin
relation to the overlook, renovation, and drawn from a keg of the ultimate are awaitedas aend result.
The arithmeticaldealings of these archetypalnorms as the site of the transectioninconsistenciesswear in
the feature set that is recycled in a mild Bayes settlement to ignorespeciousapplicants. The
plannedway has been substantiated in the Retinopathy FunctioningExam, where it presented to be
uncertain with the high-techprocedures.
Deepak et. al., (2012) improve a two-stage procedure for the discovery and grouping of DME
harshnessas of color eyecopies is prearranged. DME encounter is sanctionedunfilledthrough a
meticulousacquaintanceroutineby the defect less eye copies. A data extractionsystem is opened to
capture the wide-reachingdata of the eye copies and distinguish the natural from DME imageries.
Agurto, et. al., (2010) suggest the usage of multistate amplitude-modulation-frequency-
modulation (AM-FM) methods for discerningamidusual and compulsive retinal imageries. The
technique designates four kinds of injuriesusuallyrelated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and
twofoldcountryside of fine eyeranges that were by designslated by aprognosticator. The types
comprehendedmicro aneurysms, exudates, neovascularization on the eye, blood loss, standard
eyecontextual, and standard vessels objectives. The cooperativeblowoutobligations of the
immediatepoint, the earlyregularitylevel, and the reasonableaptregularitypoint of
viewcommencingcopiousset of scales are castoff as consistency dataprogressions.
III- SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
3.1. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This technique is deliberate for woundfinding from unequal retinal imageries. The wished-
foridealhas of three rations: contextualdemonstrating, standard eye picturedemonstrating and
nonstandard eye picturedemonstrating. To suggest a weakly supervised technique, to notice a position
and kinds of injury from the sequence of normal and irregular retinal imageries. First, to perform a
modest preprocessing phases, counting spatial alignment, color normalization and blood vessels
removal. Nextto preprocessing, we have connected the usual retinal imageries and irregular ones
through the low-rank prior arrangement and to decrease the contextual noise. Lastly, Ada boost
classification procedure is castoff to increasenoticing retinal injuries and to categorize the kinds of
4. Our Heritage
ISSN: 0474-9030
Vol-68-Issue-1-January-2020
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injury with a group of usual ones for exercisetopographies. The planned block figure of the technique
is shown in Fig.3.1.
Fig 1 Proposed system
1. Preprocessing
In the medical, diverse retinal imagerieshavevariedshades, balances, and
functionalconfigurationsowing to separatemodifications. In lessons to disregard the consequence of
the overheadconcerns on subsequentwoundfindingjunctures, we makeanorder of preprocessing on eye
pictures.
First, with the help of the method, we catch the intermediate of the optic disk and fovea for
allcopies and posedualisticmediansflanked bymiscellaneouscopies. Then, hueregularization is applied
to all copiesthrough the Intensity Regularization. Third, we run into and cleared away blood vessel
from all imageriesby means of a common off-the-shelf method and fill-up their areasfounded on
nearby pixels.
2. Low-rank matrix approximation
As we have examined, backgrounds of retinal imageriesdisplayparallellook after pre-
processing stagescounting spatial configuration, hueregularization and blood vessels veto, so it might
be itemized by a low rank demonstration. Just, backgrounds of defect less and damaged eyemodels
can be preset as a low-rank assemblage and itemized as the subsequent low-rank matrix ballpark
figure:
Bi = UVT
i ; i = 1; 2 (3)
Where B1 Ԑ Rd×n
1and B2 Ԑ Rd×n
2meanrelativemodesmade ofeven and uneven eyepictures,
harmoniously.
3. Ada-boost classification
AdaBoost, small for "Adaptive Boosting", is a contrivanceawareness meta-algorithm uttered
by Yoav Freund and Robert Schapire who was awarded the Gödel Prize in 2003 for their work. It can
be throwaway in mishmashthroughabundantsupplementarymanners of informationtrials to pull
through their management. The fabrication of the supplementaryinformationtrials ('weak learners') is
cooperative into a subjectiveexpanse that is a sign of the most recentassembly of the augmented
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classifier. AdaBoost is adaptive in the brains that consequentfeeblenovices are haggard in compassion
of those gears misclassified by foregoing classifiers. AdaBoost is understated to deafeningindicators
and outliers. In assuredtechnical hitches it can be smaller amountat risk to the over fitting knotty than
auxiliaryacquaintancetrials. The unconnectedapprentices can be meager, on the other hand as
protracted as the performance of every one is improved to some extent than unintendedwork out (e.g.,
their mistakedegree is lesser than 0.5 for dualorganization), the lastideal can be confirmed to join to a
solidbeginner.
The minutecastoffthroughhigh-qualityrankingacquaintance, evidencecongregated at each
platform of the AdaBoost formulaon the subject of the qualified 'hardness' of
everyisometricsillustration is promoted into the rankinggoing uproute such that far-flung along trees
predispose to prominence on harder-to-classify case in point.
An Adaboost classifier with the form𝐻 𝑥 = 𝛼 𝑡 ℎ 𝑡(𝑥)can be taught by diminishing the
harmpurpose L, i.e., by enhancing the scalar αt and feeblebeginnerht(x) in allrepetition.
Beforehandexercise, allstatisticsexample xi is allocated anon-negative masswi.
Fig 3.2 Adaboost classifier
Adaboost procedure is aenormousdevelopment on increasingideal. It has been
extensivelycastoff in the mechanismknowledge. The goal of procedure is
mergingnumerousfeebleknowledge classifiers in directive to yield a toughknowledge classifier.
IV - SIMULATION RESULTS
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Fig 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 shows the abnormal retinal image, the location of the lesion detected and the type of
the lesion is found.
V - CONCLUSION
Spottinginjuries with variedkinds from eyepictures is a critical issue. This patterngives a
solution for this problem.The fine eye pictures and the damaged ones are combined by the low rank
detection. In its place of openlychoosing or knowledgetopographies of dissimilarinjuries as
conservative, our idealstudiesas of both usual and irregularimageries to sense of balance the division
of contextual and injuries in Ada boost arrangement method. Investigationalconsequencesvalidate that
the plannedtechnique can excellentlynoticeinjuries with numerouskinds from the irregularcolor fundus
imageries, and obviouslyoutdo the precedingapproaches both visually and quantitatively.
REFERENCES
1. M. D. Abr`amoff, M. K. Garvin, and M. Sonka, “Retinal imaging and image analysis,” IEEE Reviews in
Biomedical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 169–208, 2010.
2. M. R. K. Mookiah, U. R. Acharya, C. K. Chua, C. M. Lim, E. Ng, and A. Laude, “Computer-aided diagnosis
of diabetic retinopathy: A review,” Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2136–2155, 2013.
3. P. Venkateswari, E. JebithaSteffy, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'License Plate cognizance by Ocular Character
Perception', International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 536-542,
February 2018.
4. N. Muthukumaran, Mrs R.Sonya, Dr. Rajashekhara and V. Chitra, 'Computation of Optimum ATC Using
Generator Participation Factor in Deregulated System', International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 8-11, January 2017.
5. B. Renuka, B. Sivaranjani, A. Maha Lakshmi,Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Automatic Enemy Detecting Defense
Robot by using Face Detection Technique', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.
495-501, April 2018.
6. Anil Lamba, "Uses Of Artificial Intelligent Techniques To Build Accurate Models For Intrusion Detection
System”, International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 12, pp.5826-5830,
2015.
7. Our Heritage
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Vol-68-Issue-1-January-2020
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7. Anil Lamba, "Mitigating Zero-Day Attacks In IOT Using A Strategic Framework", International Journal for
Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 1, pp.5711-5714, 2016.
8. Anil Lamba, "Identifying & Mitigating Cyber Security Threats In Vehicular Technologies", International
Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 7, pp.5703-5706, 2016.
9. Anil Lamba, "S4: A Novel & Secure Method For Enforcing Privacy In Cloud Data Warehouses",
International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 8, pp.5707-5710, 2016.
10. Anil Lamba, “Analysing Sanitization Technique of Reverse Proxy Framework for Enhancing Database-
Security”, International Journal of Information and Computing Science, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp.30-44, 2014.
11. N. Muthukumaran, 'Analyzing Throughput of MANET with Reduced Packet Loss', Wireless Personal
Communications, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 565-578, November 2017.
12. R. Sudhashree, N. Muthukumaran, 'Analysis of Low Complexity Memory Footprint Reduction for Delay and
Area Efficient Realization of 2D FIR Filters', International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10,
No. 20, pp. 16101-16105, 2015.
13. Boselin Prabhu S. R. and Balakumar N., “Functionalities and Recent Real World Applications of
Biosensors”, International Journal of Computer Science & Communication Networks, Vol 6 Issue 5, pp. 211-
216.
14. Boselin Prabhu S. R. and Balakumar N., “A Research on Efficient Processor Design Structure with Reduced
Memory Gap”, International Journal of Research in Electronics and Computer Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4,
Oct-Dec 2016, pp. 158-164.
15. Boselin Prabhu S.R., Rajeswari P. and Dinesh Kumar A., “An Analytical Review of Fiber-Optic Sensors and
Biosensors, Journal of Engineering, Scientific Research and Applications, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 58-61.
16. Boselin Prabhu S.R., Balakumar N., Rajeswari P. and Dinesh Kumar A., “Wireless Electricity Transfer
Methodologies Using Embedded System Technology”, Journal of Engineering, Scientific Research and
Applications, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2016, pp. 81-89.
17. Boselin Prabhu S.R., Rajeswari P. and Dinesh Kumar A., “Analysis of Decentralized Clustering Hierarchy
for Highly Distributed WSN”, Journal of Engineering, Scientific Research and Applications, Volume 2, Issue 1,
2016, pp. 45-49.
18. Boselin Prabhu S. R., “Reliable Security Approach for Wireless Embedded Systems”, International Journal
of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 11, November 2016, pp. 402-406.
19. Boselin Prabhu S. R., “An Elaborative Literature of Hierarchical Clustering Methodologies for Dense
WSNs”, SK International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Hub, Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2016, pp.
15-19.
20. F.M.AiyshaFarzana, HameedhulArshadh. A, Ganesan. J, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'High Performance VLSI
Architecture for Advanced QPSK Modems', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.
45-49, January 2019.
21. A.Srinithi, E.Sumathi, K.Sushmithawathi, M.Vaishnavi, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'An Embedded Based
Integrated Flood Forecasting through HAM Communication', Asian Journal of Applied Science and
Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 63-67, January 2019.
22. N. Muthukumaran and R. Ravi, 'Hardware Implementation of Architecture Techniques for Fast Efficient loss
less Image Compression System', Wireless Personal Communications, Volume. 90, No. 3, pp. 1291-1315,
October 2016.
23. F.M. AiyshaFarzana, HameedhulArshadh. A, Sara Safreen. M, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Design and Analysis
for Removing Salt and Pepper Noise in Image Processing', Indo-Iranian Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 3,
No. 1, pp. 42-47, January 2019.
24. J. Keziah, N. Muthukumaran, 'Design of K Band Transmitting Antenna for Harbor Surveillance Radar
Application', International Journal on Applications in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp.
16-20, May 2016.
25. Anil Lamba, "Uses Of Cluster Computing Techniques To Perform Big Data Analytics For Smart Grid
Automation System", International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 1 Issue 7,
pp.5804-5808, 2014.
26. Anil Lamba, “Uses Of Different Cyber Security Service To Prevent Attack On Smart Home Infrastructure",
International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 1, Issue 11, pp.5809-5813, 2014.
27. Anil Lamba, "A Role Of Data Mining Analysis To Identify Suspicious Activity Alert System”, International
Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 2 Issue 3, pp.5814-5825, 2014.
8. Our Heritage
ISSN: 0474-9030
Vol-68-Issue-1-January-2020
P a g e | 8893 Copyright ⓒ 2019Authors
28. Anil Lamba, "To Classify Cyber-Security Threats In Automotive Doming Using Different Assessment
Methodologies”, International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp.5831-
5836, 2015.
29. Anil Lamba, “A Study Paper On Security Related Issue Before Adopting Cloud Computing Service Model”,
International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 4, pp.5837-5840, 2015.
30. Dr. N. Muthukumaran, Dr. R. Joshua Samuel Raj, Arumugathammal. E, Karthika. N, Karthika. S,
Sangeetha. M, 'Design of Underground Mine Detecting Robot using Sensor Network', International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 7, pp. 519-524, July 2019.
31. VP. Anubala, N. Muthukumaran and R. Nikitha, „Performance Analysis of Hookworm Detection using Deep
Convolutional Neural Network‟, 2018 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology
(ICSSIT), pp. 348-354, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICSSIT.2018.8748645.
32. N. Muthukumaran and R. Ravi, 'The Performance Analysis of Fast Efficient Lossless Satellite Image
Compression and Decompression for Wavelet Based Algorithm', Wireless Personal Communications, Volume.
81, No. 2, pp. 839-859, March 2015.
33. Jayaraman.G, Dr. N. Muthukumaran,Vanaja.A, Santhamariammal.R, 'Design and Analysis the Fire
Fighting Robot', International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 9,
pp. 690-695, September 2019.
34. R. Joshua Samuel Raj, T.Sudarson Rama Perumal, N.Muthukumaran, „Road Accident Data Analytics Using
Map – Reduce Concept‟, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, Volume-8,
Issue-11, pp. 1032- 1037, September 2019.
35. Banumathi.A, Banupriya.A, Niranjana.R, Jayaraman.G, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Advanced Illumination
Measurement System in Highways', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 39-44,
January 2019.
36. Mrs. S. Murine Sharmili, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Performance Analysis of Elevation & Building Contours
Image using K-Mean Clustering with Mathematical Morphology and SVM', Asian Journal of Applied Science
and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 80-85, April 2018.