This document discusses compressors and reciprocating compressors specifically. It provides details on: - How compressors work to compress gases from lower to higher pressures using mechanical energy. - The main types of positive displacement compressors, including rotary and reciprocating compressors. - The basic operating cycle of a reciprocating compressor, involving intake, compression, discharge, and expansion stages. - Key components of a reciprocating compressor like valves, cylinders, coolers, and how compressed air is delivered.

2. PREPARED BY ;
ENES SARAÇOĞLU 130A3047
TUĞÇE ÖZTÜRK 130A3061

3. What are compressors?
Compressors are mechanical devices that
compresses gases. It is widely used in
industries and has various applications

4. INTRODUCTION AND BASICS :
COMPRESSOR IS AN EQUITMENT USED TO COMPRESS GASES FROM LOWER
PRESSURE TO HIGH PRESSURE
IT CONNVESTS MECHANICAL ENEGERGY TO PRESSURE ENERGY
DENSITY CHANGE IS APPRECIABLE SO BERNOULLI EQUATION DOES NOT HOLD
AIR COMPRESSOR IS USED TO DELIVER COMPRESSED AIR REQUIRED IN
PLANT FOR VARIOUS APPLICATION

5. WHAT ARE ITS VARIOUS TYPES?

6. WHAT ARE POSITIVE
DIPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS?
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS CAUSES MOVEMENT BY TRAPPING A FIXED
AMOUNT OF AIR THEN FORCING (DISPLACING) THAT TRAPPED VOLUME INTO THE
DISCHARGE PIPE.
IT CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE MECHANISM USED TO MOVE AIR.
ROTARY COMPRESSOR
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

7. RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

9. Air is drawn in on suction stroke through the first-stage suction valve via air filter.

10. The suction valve closes on the piston upstroke and the air is compressed

11. The compreesed air , having reachead its first-stage pressure , passes through
the delivery valve to the first-stage cooler.

12. The second-stage suction and compression now take place in an similar
manner , achieving a much higher pressure in the smaller , second stage
cylinder.

16. After passing through the second-stage delivery valve , the air is again cooled.

17. Compreesed air goes to the second-stage separator because oil and water are
seperated in the air

19. Seperated air passes third-stage suction valve

21. After passing through the third stage delivery valve , The air is again cooled.

25. Compressed air delivered to the air tubes .

32. Crankacase

33. Suction oıl filter

34. Crankshaft and connection rod

35. The air compressor pressure switch helps to measure the pressure inside your
air tank and then is used to shut off your compressor when your air tank reaches
the desired air pressure.
Pressure switch

36. • COMPRESSOR VALVES ARE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS THE HEART OF A COMPRESSOR.
AT HIGH SPEEDS OR WITH HIGH PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS, VALVES CAN FAIL DUE
TO FLUTTER AND HIGH IMPACT FORCES. VALVES MUST ALSO BE ABLE TO STAND
UP HARSH OPERATING CONDITIONS SUCH AS SOUR GAS AND DIRTY GAS
APPLICATIONS.

37. • THE PLATE VALVE FROM CPI IS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO OVERCOME THESE ISSUES WHILE AT
THE SAME TIME, STILL EXHIBIT THE ADVANTAGES OF CPI'S RING VALVE DESIGNS. THE VALVE DISC
IS OF NON-METALLIC THERMOPLASTIC DESIGN AND IS PROVEN TO PROVIDE MORE EFFICIENT
SEALS OVER MUCH LONGER DURATIONS THAN TRADITIONAL METAL VALVE DISCS.

38. • THERMOPLASTIC ARE ALSO EXTREMELY RESISTANT TO THE ADHERENCE OF SMALL
PARTICLES, SAND AND DEBRIS FOUND IN DIRTY GAS OPERATIONS. METAL SEALING
PLATES ON THE OTHER HAND WILL NICK, WEAR OR CRACK UNDER SIMILAR
CONDITIONS.

39. • IN ORDER TO MITIGATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FLUTTER AS WELL AS CONSTANT HIGH
SPEED IMPACT, A SECOND, NON-SEALING METALLIC DAMPENING DISC USED. THE
DAMPENING DISC IS HEAT TREATED FOR HARDNESS AND EITHER FLOATS OR IS LIGHTLY
SPRING LOADED BETWEEN THE MAIN SEALING DISC AND THE VALVE BODY.

40. •
• WHEN THE VALVE OPENS, BOTH DISCS ACCELERATE RAPIDLY BUT THE BRUNT OF THE IMPACT IS
ABSORBED BY THE HARDENED SECONDARY DISC. THE SECONDARY DISC ALSO DAMPENS OUT
ANY POSSIBLE FLUTTER THE PRIMARY DISC WOULD EXHIBIT DUE TO HIGH SPEED OR HIGH
DIFFERANTIAL PRESSURE BOUNCE DAMPENED DISCS AND VALVE DISCS ARE AVAILABLE IN MANY
CONFIGURATIONS AND METARIALS THE AND GUARD OF DAMPENED DISC VALVE IS AVAILABLE IN
A STANDART STEEL OR IN STAINLESS STEEL FOR CORROSIVE APPLICATIONS THE ENGINEERING
TEAM AT CPI WILL SPECIFICALLY DESIGN YOUR VALVES TO PRECISELY MATCH YOUR
OPERATION..

41. CYCLE ANALYSIS
1->2 compression
2->3 discharge
3->4 expansion
4->1 induction
process

42. THANK YOU