This document presents research testing the extraction of eugenol, the main essential oil in clove buds, using two perfluoro organic solvents: Novec 1230 and Novec 7100. Extraction methods included simple maceration and circulation extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. Analysis using GC-MS and RP-HPLC found that Novec 7100 extracted eugenol most effectively at 73% yield, followed by n-hexane at 81% and Novec 1230 at only 6.9%. Circulation extraction for 2 hours using Novec 7100 achieved the highest yield of 85%. The results demonstrate that higher solvent molecule fluorination results in lower eugenol extraction. Perflu

1. Presented
by:
Bibus
Poudel
Seminar (CHE-609B)

2.  Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the
family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.
 Clove buds are useful plant raw material in medicinal, perfume, food
and liquor industries.
 Major constituents of clove buds are essential oil ≈20%, galotanins,
flavonoids, phytosterols, microelements etc.
 Biologically active substances from clove buds have different useful
pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-microbial, antifungal properties.

3.  To test a hypothesis about the possibility of extraction of main
essential oil substances from clove buds with two different types of
perfluoro organic solvents:
 Novec 1230 (С6F12O)
(Higher degree of molecule
fluorination)
 Novec 7100 (C4F9OСH3 )
(Comparative lower degree
of molecule fluorination)

4.  Plant raw material : Milled clove buds sample with the particle
size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
 Chemicals : Novec 1230, Novec 7100 and n-hexane as solvents.
Eugenol Sigma-Aldrich ≥ 99.0% as reference substance.
 Methods of extraction : Simple maceration at 24 ± 1°С for 24 hr
and the extract was decanted and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10
min.

5.  Circulation method of extraction : Soxhlet extraction carried
out for specified time period (i.e. 5 hrs).

6.  Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) :
Qualitative analysis of extracts was carried out by GC-MS using
equipment GCMS-QP2010 (Injection volume = 1 μL).
 Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
: Quantitative analysis of extracts was carried out by
RP-HPLC using equipment Agilent 1200.

7.  The results of eugenol yield into n-hexane and per-fluoro organic
solvents Novec 1230 and Novec 7100 are presented in Figure 1.
 Novec 1230 : 6.9 ± 0.4%
 Novec 7100 : 73 ± 4%
 n-hexane : 81 ± 4%

8. Moreover, the optimum yield of eugenol from the circulation method
for the extraction was:
 Novec 7100 : 85 ± 4% after 2 hrs
 Novec 1230 : 54 ± 3% after 4 hrs

9.  These results demonstrated that the yield of eugenol depended
significantly on the degree of solvent molecule fluorination,
the more fluorination the less eugenol yield.
 Eugenol :

10. As observed from aforementioned results, using per-fluoro organic
solvents is a new and very promising technology :
 Relatively simple in use
 Cost efficient
 Comparable to the technologies that use liquefied gases and
supercritical carbon dioxide in terms of their yield.
However, further research is needed to study the extraction
properties of these solvents and determine their limits.