The presentation discusses composite materials, explaining their definition, properties, classification, and manufacturing processes. Key points include the advantages and drawbacks of composites, their applications in various industries, and the factors affecting their microstructure and performance. It also addresses potential failures that can occur in composite materials.

1. Composite Materials
Presented to:
Dr. Arjumand Iqbal Durrani
Presented by:
Muhammad Muzzammil 2017-MIN-16

2. Presentation Content
Introduction
Properties
Factors affecting Composites
Phases of Composites
Classification of Composites
Manufacturing of Composites
Utilization and Application
Why to use Composites
Advantages and Disadvantages
Failures
References

3. Introduction
 A composite material is made by combining two or more materials
 The two materials work together to give the composites a unique properties
 However within the composite you can easily tell the different materials
apart as they do not dissolve or blend into each other.

4. General Properties:
 High Strength-to-weight ratio
 Corrosion Resistance
 Wear Resistance
 Low electrical conductivity
 Lower cost
 Easy processing
 Covers almost all application areas

5. Factors affecting Microstructure of composites
 Type of Reinforcement
 Reinforcement size and its Orientation
 Matrix Type
 Fiber-Volume-Fraction (FVF)
 Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix

6. Composite design variations

7. Phases
They generally have two phases
 Matrix Phase
 Dispersion Phase

8. Matrix Phase
 It is the continuous material constituent
 That encloses the composite and give it its bulk
form
 It may be metal , ceramic or polymer.

9. Dispersion Phase
 It is the structure constituent
 It determines the internal structure of
composite
 Dispersion Phase is connected to matrix
phase by bonding

10. Classification of Composites
Composite
Particle-
reinforced
Large
particle
Dispersion
strengthen
ed
Fiber-
reinforced
Continuou
s
Discontinu
ous
Aligned
Randomly
oriented
Structural
Laminates Sandwich
panels

11. Particle-reinforced composites
 Used in particle reinforcing
 Ceramics, glasses (small mineral particles)
 Metal particles (aluminum and amorphous materials )
 polymers and carbon black

12. Fiber-Reinforced Composites
 Strength of Composites - The tensile strength of a fiber-reinforced composite (TSc)
depends on the bonding between the fibers and the matrix.

13. Types of fiber reinforced composite
• Continuous & Aligned
• Discontinuous & Aligned
• Random

14. Structural Composites
 A structural composite consists of both homogeneous and composite material
 There properties depend on, the characteristic properties of the constituent materials
 Such as the geometric design
 Structural composite are of two types
Laminar composites Sandwich panel

15. Manufacturing Of Composite
Composite materials can be formed by two processes
Pultrusion
Prepreg

16. Pultrusion
 Technique allowing industrial automated continuous production of profiles from
composite materials of synthetic resins
 Pultrusion allows the development of various profiles, section and variable thickness
 The length of the pultruded profiles is not limited.

17. Prepreg
 It is the term for continuous fiber-reinforcement pre-impregnated with a
polymer resin that is only particularly cured
 The final Prepreg product (the thin tape consisting of continuous an
aligned fibbers embedded in partially cured resin)
 Which is prepared for packing by winding onto a cardboard core.

18. Application and Utilization
 In automobile industries (e.g. Steel & Aluminum body)
 Marine applications like shafts, hulls, spars (for racing boats)
 Aeronautical application like components of rockets, aircrafts,
missiles
 Communication antennae, electronic circuit boards
 Safety equipment like ballistic protection and Air bags of cars.

19. m
Application and Utilization

20. Why to use composite materials
 Lower specific gravity in general
 Improved stiffness of material
 Composite maintain their weight even at high temperatures
 Toughness is improved
 Fabrication or production is cheaper
 Creep and fatigue strength is better
 Controlled Electrical conductivity is possible
 Corrosion and oxidation resistance

21. Advantages and Disadvantages

22. Failure Of Composite Material
 Composite can fail due to breaking of the fiber, micro cracking of the matrix,
 De-bonding (i.e. separation of fibers from matrix)
 Failure under longitudinal compressive loading
 Failure under longitudinal tensile loading
 Failure under transverse compressive loading
 Failure under transverse tensile loading

23. Thank you for your attention!!