Introduction Properties Factors affecting Composites Phases of Composites Classification of Composites Manufacturing of Composites Utilization and Application Why to use Composites Advantages and Disadvantages Failures References A composite material is made by combining two or more materials The two materials work together to give the composites a unique properties However within the composite you can easily tell the different materials apart as they do not dissolve or blend into each other. High Strength-to-weight ratio Corrosion Resistance Wear Resistance Low electrical conductivity Lower cost Easy processing Covers almost all application areas Type of Reinforcement Reinforcement size and its Orientation Matrix Type Fiber-Volume-Fraction (FVF) Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix Type of Reinforcement Reinforcement size and its Orientation Matrix Type Fiber-Volume-Fraction (FVF) Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix

1. Composite Materials
Presented to:
Dr. Arjumand Iqbal Durrani
Presented by:
Muhammad Muzzammil 2017-MIN-16

2. Presentation Content
Introduction
Properties
Factors affecting Composites
Phases of Composites
Classification of Composites
Manufacturing of Composites
Utilization and Application
Why to use Composites
Advantages and Disadvantages
Failures
References

3. Introduction
 A composite material is made by combining two or more materials
 The two materials work together to give the composites a unique properties
 However within the composite you can easily tell the different materials
apart as they do not dissolve or blend into each other.

4. General Properties:
 High Strength-to-weight ratio
 Corrosion Resistance
 Wear Resistance
 Low electrical conductivity
 Lower cost
 Easy processing
 Covers almost all application areas

5. Factors affecting Microstructure of composites
 Type of Reinforcement
 Reinforcement size and its Orientation
 Matrix Type
 Fiber-Volume-Fraction (FVF)
 Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix

6. Composite design variations

7. Phases
They generally have two phases
 Matrix Phase
 Dispersion Phase

8. Matrix Phase
 It is the continuous material constituent
 That encloses the composite and give it its bulk
form
 It may be metal , ceramic or polymer.

9. Dispersion Phase
 It is the structure constituent
 It determines the internal structure of
composite
 Dispersion Phase is connected to matrix
phase by bonding

10. Classification of Composites
Composite
Particle-
reinforced
Large
particle
Dispersion
strengthen
ed
Fiber-
reinforced
Continuou
s
Discontinu
ous
Aligned
Randomly
oriented
Structural
Laminates Sandwich
panels

11. Particle-reinforced composites
 Used in particle reinforcing
 Ceramics, glasses (small mineral particles)
 Metal particles (aluminum and amorphous materials )
 polymers and carbon black

12. Fiber-Reinforced Composites
 Strength of Composites - The tensile strength of a fiber-reinforced composite (TSc)
depends on the bonding between the fibers and the matrix.

13. Types of fiber reinforced composite
• Continuous & Aligned
• Discontinuous & Aligned
• Random

14. Structural Composites
 A structural composite consists of both homogeneous and composite material
 There properties depend on, the characteristic properties of the constituent materials
 Such as the geometric design
 Structural composite are of two types
Laminar composites Sandwich panel

15. Manufacturing Of Composite
Composite materials can be formed by two processes
Pultrusion
Prepreg

16. Pultrusion
 Technique allowing industrial automated continuous production of profiles from
composite materials of synthetic resins
 Pultrusion allows the development of various profiles, section and variable thickness
 The length of the pultruded profiles is not limited.

17. Prepreg
 It is the term for continuous fiber-reinforcement pre-impregnated with a
polymer resin that is only particularly cured
 The final Prepreg product (the thin tape consisting of continuous an
aligned fibbers embedded in partially cured resin)
 Which is prepared for packing by winding onto a cardboard core.

18. Application and Utilization
 In automobile industries (e.g. Steel & Aluminum body)
 Marine applications like shafts, hulls, spars (for racing boats)
 Aeronautical application like components of rockets, aircrafts,
missiles
 Communication antennae, electronic circuit boards
 Safety equipment like ballistic protection and Air bags of cars.

19. m
Application and Utilization

20. Why to use composite materials
 Lower specific gravity in general
 Improved stiffness of material
 Composite maintain their weight even at high temperatures
 Toughness is improved
 Fabrication or production is cheaper
 Creep and fatigue strength is better
 Controlled Electrical conductivity is possible
 Corrosion and oxidation resistance

21. Advantages and Disadvantages

22. Failure Of Composite Material
 Composite can fail due to breaking of the fiber, micro cracking of the matrix,
 De-bonding (i.e. separation of fibers from matrix)
 Failure under longitudinal compressive loading
 Failure under longitudinal tensile loading
 Failure under transverse compressive loading
 Failure under transverse tensile loading

23. Thank you for your attention!!