Completion items are useful for testing students' ability to produce grammatical language. They measure production rather than recognition. There are several types of completion items, including blanks requiring a single word, modified cloze passages, sentence completions, and completion of dialogues. Providing context or data can help restrict choices and avoid ambiguity. Transformation items test the ability to manipulate grammatical structures by rewriting sentences according to patterns or using substitute words.

2. Completion Items
 Useful in testing students ability to
produce acceptable and appropriate
forms of language.
Measure production rather than
recognition.

3. The words selected for omissions
are grammatical and functional
words (e.g. to, it, in, the, etc.)
Content words may be selected
in a vocabulary or reading test.

4. _____ Sun is shining today.
_____ sun is shining today.

5. It can be rewritten as a question
to overcome the problem:
Is ____ sun shining today?

6. completion items sometimes cause
problems in scoring.
PREPARE 1. He heard a gasp behind him
as he __________ to go.

7. a test writer must be certain that testees
produce only the answer she wants to be
used in each blank.
As soon as possible the next day I sent
my story __________ the editor
_________ the magazine _________
where my best work usually
appeared.

8. Three ways of restricting the
choices available to the testees:
a)By providing a context
b)By providing data
c)By using multiple choice
techniques

9.  by providing a context
Kim usually goes to the cinema about
once a week but she _________four
films already this month and it’s only
the 20th today.
(possible answers: has seen/will have seen/ must
have seen)

10.  by providing data
I go to the cinema regularly, but it’s
ages since I last saw a play.
I go to the cinema regularly, but I
________ to the theatre for months.
(Possible answers: haven’t been/
haven’t gone/ haven’t been going/
haven’t been able to go)

11. by using multiple choice
techniques.
I _____ to the theatre three times
since I last saw you.
a. go c. had gone
b. have been d. went

12. Advantages:
 the use of context often avoids the
kinds of ambiguity referred to in the
previous paragraphs.
Students experience the use of
grammar in context being required in
order to guess many of the missing
words.

13. Types of completion items
1.Blanks are indicated and requires only one
word for the answer.
2.Modified cloze passage
• Omissions themselves are not
indicated.
• requires to put an oblique stroke (/) at
the place where the word has been
omitted and then to write the missing
word in the appropriate space.

14. It (1) _______ always useful
(2) _______ practice answering the
types of questions (3) ________
you may (4) _______ asked.
However, (5) _______ is not enough
simply (6) _________ glance through a
past paper (7) _______ answer the
questions (8) _______ your head.
This will give you (9) ______ indication
at all (10) _______ what you can do.

15. Historians and anthropologists
used think that ill health and disease
prevalent among primitive tribes.
Results recent
investigation, however, have shown
we much to learn from primitive
people. Without benefit of
immunization or
vaccination, primitive often acquired
immunity the diseases present in
their society.

16. Sentence Completion
 part of a sentence has been omitted.
 tests the ability to handle structures according
to certain patterns.
Make concentration on specific grammatical
points more difficult.

17. Many zoo officials are worried by the increasing ill-
treatment of animals by visitors to the zoo, especially by
children. When the animals fail to perform in the ways
expected, ________________________________________________.
Crocodiles seem to be the chief victims of such attacks
because they ________________________________________. The
bottles, cans , sticks and stones that
_________________________________________ end up as unsightly
litter in the enclosures. Some animals, however, swallow
__________________________________________.
……………………………………

18. Completion of Dialogues
 provides the ability to manipulate the
grammar and language patterns.
 Unfortunately, it is often difficult to write a
natural dialogue and provide useful cues at the
same time.

19. A: ________________________________________________________________.
B: So do I. I generally watch it for an hour or two every
evening.
A:_________________________________________________________________.
B: Immediately after I’ve finished my homework, at about
8:30 or nine.
A: ______________________________________________________________.
B: So are mine. The funnier, the better. I like American ones
best of all –you know, programs like “Benson” and
“Different Strokes.”

20. Transformation
Type

21.  types of tests the ability to produce
structures in the target language.
An objective item type which
comes close to measuring some of the
skills tested in composition writing.

22. 1.I haven’t written to you for a long time.
It’s along time
_____________________________.
2.In sunny weather, I often go for a walk.
When the weather
_______________________________.

23. Other ways of covering transformation items:
1. It was impossible to work under those conditions.
Working ___________________________________
2. I don’t think it’s necessary for you to stay any
longer.
I don’t think you ____________________________.

24. In some tests, students may be required to
rewrite a sentence beginning with a certain
word underlines in the original sentence.
Example:
They believed that the earth was flat.
The earth was believed to be flat.

25.  Transformation can also be affected by
requiring a substitute to the given verb
necessitating a change in a structural pattern.
Example:
Ten lessons make up the course. CONSIST
The course consists of ten lessons.

26. Transformation can be made to
perform a part of continuous sentence
by:
1)Changing sentences according to a given
pattern.
2)Changing sentences by using selected
words.

27.  Changing sentences according to a
given pattern.
a)Very few objective tests allow for a choice.
You have ________________________________.
b)However, the instructions should be carefully
checked.
However, you ______________________________.

28.  Changing sentences by using selected words.
1)Remember that it is necessary to answer the
questions in the order set. (NEED)
______________________________________________.
2)You are advised to check your answers carefully
after each question. (ADVISABLE)
________________________________________.