This community update from Sage Weil at Red Hat provides information on the current and upcoming releases of Ceph. The document summarizes that Luminous is the current stable release, BlueStore is now stable and default, and there have been significant performance improvements for hardware like HDDs. It also outlines many new features and improvements planned or in development for Ceph components like RBD, RGW, CephFS, erasure coding, and more in upcoming releases like Mimic.

1. COMMUNITY UPDATE
SAGE WEIL – RED HAT
2017.05.11

2. 2
UPSTREAM RELEASES
Jewel (LTS)
Spring 2016
Kraken
Fall 2016
Luminous (LTS)
Spring 2017
12.2.z
10.2.z
14.2.z
WE ARE HERE
Mimic
Fall 2017?
Nautilus? (LTS)
Spring 2018?

3. 3 LUMINOUS

4. 4
BLUESTORE: STABLE AND DEFAULT
● New OSD backend
– consumes raw block device(s) – no more XFS
– embeds rocksdb for metadata
● Fast on both HDDs (~2x) and SSDs (~1.5x)
– Similar to FileStore on NVMe, where the device is not the bottleneck
● Smaller journals
– happily uses fast SSD partition(s) for internal metadata, or NVRAM for journal
● Full data checksums (crc32c, xxhash, etc.)
● Inline compression (zlib, snappy)
– policy driven by global or per-pool config, and/or client hints
● Stable and default

5. 5
HDD: RANDOM WRITE
4 8 16 32 64
128
256
512
1024
2048
4096
0
100
200
300
400
500
Bluestore vs Filestore HDD Random Write Throughput
Filestore
Bluestore (wip-bitmap-alloc-perf)
BS (Master-a07452d)
BS (Master-d62a4948)
Bluestore (wip-bluestore-dw)
IO Size
Throughput(MB/s)
4 8 16 32 64
128
256
512
1024
2048
4096
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Bluestore vs Filestore HDD Random Write IOPS
Filestore
Bluestore (wip-bitmap-alloc-perf)
BS (Master-a07452d)
BS (Master-d62a4948)
Bluestore (wip-bluestore-dw)
IO Size
IOPS

6. 6
HDD: MIXED READ/WRITE
4 8 16 32 64
128
256
512
1024
2048
4096
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Bluestore vs Filestore HDD Random RWThroughput
Filestore
Bluestore (wip-bitmap-alloc-perf)
BS (Master-a07452d)
BS (Master-d62a4948)
Bluestore (wip-bluestore-dw)
IO Size
Throughput(MB/s)
4 8 16 32 64
128
256
512
1024
2048
4096
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Bluestore vs Filestore HDD Random RW IOPS
Filestore
Bluestore (wip-bitmap-alloc-perf)
BS (Master-a07452d)
BS (Master-d62a4948)
Bluestore (wip-bluestore-dw)
IO Size
IOPS

7. 7
RGW ON HDD+NVME, EC 4+2
1 Bucket 128 Buckets 4 Buckets 512 Buckets Rados
1 RGW Server 4 RGW Servers Bench
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
4+2 Erasure Coding RadosGW Write Tests
32MB Objects, 24 HDD/NVMe OSDs on 4 Servers, 4 Clients
Filestore 512KB Chunks
Filestore 4MB Chunks
Bluestore 512KB Chunks
Bluestore 4MB Chunks
Throughput(MB/s)

8. 8
RBD OVER ERASURE CODED POOLS
● aka erasure code overwrites
● requires BlueStore to perform reasonably
● significant improvement in efficiency over 3x replication
– 2+2 → 2x 4+2 → 1.5x
● small writes slower than replication
– early testing showed 4+2 is about half as fast as 3x replication
● large writes faster than replication
– less IO to device
● implementation still does the “simple” thing
– all writes update a full stripe

9. 9
CEPH-MGR
● ceph-mgr
– new management daemon to supplement ceph-mon (monitor)
– easier integration point for python management logic
– integrated metrics
● make ceph-mon scalable again
– offload pg stats from mon to mgr
– push to 10K OSDs (planned “big bang 3” @ CERN)
● new REST API
– pecan
– based on previous Calamari API
● built-in web dashboard
– webby equivalent of 'ceph -s'
M G
???
(time for new iconography)

10. 10

11. 11
ASYNCMESSENGER
●
new network Messenger implementation
– event driven
– fixed-size thread pool
●
RDMA backend (ibverbs)
– built by default
– limited testing, but seems stable!
●
DPDK backend
– prototype!

12. 12
PERFECTLY BALANCED OSDS (FINALLY)
● CRUSH choose_args
– alternate weight sets for individual rules
– complete flexibility to optimize weights etc
– fixes two problems
● imbalance – run numeric optimization to adjust weights to balance PG
distribution for a pool (or cluster)
● multipick anomaly – adjust weights per position to correct for low-
weighted devices (e.g., mostly empty rack)
– backward compatible with pre-luminous clients for imbalance case
● pg upmap
– explicitly map individual PGs to specific devices in OSDMap
– simple offline optimizer balance PGs
– by pool or by cluster
– requires luminous+ clients

13. 13
RADOS MISC
●
CRUSH device classes
– mark OSDs with class (hdd, ssd, etc)
– out-of-box rules to map to specific class of devices within the
same hierarchy
●
streamlined disk replacement
●
require_min_compat_client – simpler, safer configuration
●
annotated/documented config options
●
client backoff on stuck PGs or objects
●
better EIO handling
●
peering and recovery speedups
●
fast OSD failure detection

14. 14
S3
Swift
Erasure coding
Multisite federation
Multisite replication
NFS
Encryption
Tiering
Deduplication
RADOSGW
Compression

15. 15
ZONE CZONE B
RGW METADATA SEARCH
RADOSGW
LIBRADOS
M
CLUSTER A
MM M
CLUSTER B
MM
RADOSGW RADOSGW RADOSGW
LIBRADOS LIBRADOS LIBRADOS
REST
RADOSGW
LIBRADOS
M
CLUSTER C
MM
REST
ZONE A

16. 16
RGW MISC
●
NFS gateway
– NFSv4 and v3
– full object access (not general purpose!)
●
dynamic bucket index sharding
– automatic (finally!)
●
inline compression
●
encryption
– follows S3 encryption APIs
●
S3 and Swift API odds and ends
RADOSGW
LIBRADOS

17. 17
Erasure coding
Multisite mirroring
Persistent client cache
Consistency groups
Encryption
iSCSI
Trash
RBD

18. 18
RBD
●
RBD over erasure coded pool
– rbd create --data-pool <ecpoolname> ...
●
RBD mirroring improvements
– cooperative HA daemons
– improved Cinder integration
●
iSCSI
– LIO tcmu-runner, librbd (full feature set)
●
Kernel RBD improvements
– exclusive locking, object map

19. RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing,
intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing,
intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowing
apps to directly
access RADOS,
with support for
C, C++, Java,
Python, Ruby,
and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowing
apps to directly
access RADOS,
with support for
C, C++, Java,
Python, Ruby,
and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-
distributed block
device, with a Linux
kernel client and a
QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-
distributed block
device, with a Linux
kernel client and a
QEMU/KVM driver
RADOSGW
A bucket-based
REST gateway,
compatible with S3
and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based
REST gateway,
compatible with S3
and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant
distributed file system,
with a Linux kernel
client and support for
FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant
distributed file system,
with a Linux kernel
client and support for
FUSE
NEARLY
AWESOME
AWESOMEAWESOME
AWESOME
AWESOME

20. 20
2017 =
RGW
A web services gateway
for object storage,
compatible with S3 and
Swift
LIBRADOS
A library allowing apps to directly access RADOS (C, C++, Java, Python, Ruby, PHP)
RADOS
A software-based, reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of
self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes and lightweight monitors
RBD
A reliable, fully-distributed
block device with cloud
platform integration
CEPHFS
A distributed file system
with POSIX semantics and
scale-out metadata
management
OBJECT BLOCK FILE
FULLY AWESOME

21. 21
CEPHFS
● multiple active MDS daemons (finally!)
● subtree pinning to specific daemon
● directory fragmentation on by default
– (snapshots still off by default)
● so many tests
● so many bugs fixed
● kernel client improvements

22. 22
OSD refactor
Tiering
Client-side caches
Metrics
Dedup
QoS
Self-management
AFTER LUMINOUS?
Multi-site federation

23. 23 MIMIC

24. 24
RADOS
● Peering optimizations
● IO path refactor and optimization
– async, state-driven, futures
– painful but necessary
● BlueStore and rocksdb optimization
– rocksdb level0 compaction
– alternative KV store?
● Erasure coding plugin API improvements
– new codes with less IO for single-OSD failures
DEVICE
OSD
OBJECTSTORE
MESSENGER

25. 25
QUALITY OF SERVICE
● Ongoing background development
– dmclock distributed QoS queuing
– minimum reservations and priority weighting
● Range of policies
– IO type (background, client)
– pool-based
– client-based
● Theory is complex
● Prototype is promising, despite simplicity
● Missing management framework

26. 26

27. 27
CEPH STORAGE CLUSTER
TIERING
● new RADOS ‘redirect’ primitive
– basically a symlink, transparent to librados
– replace “sparse” cache tier with base pool “index”
APPLICATION
BASE POOL (REPLICATED, SSD)
APPLICATION
CACHE POOL (REPLICATED)
BASE POOL (HDD AND/OR ERASURE)
CEPH STORAGE CLUSTER
SLOW 1 (EC) SLOW #1 (...)

28. 28
CEPH STORAGE CLUSTER
DEDUPLICATION WIP
● Generalize redirect to a “manifest”
– map of offsets to object “fragments” (vs a full
object copy)
● Break objects into chunks
– fixed size, or content fingerprint
● Store chunks in content-addressable pool
– name object by sha256(content)
– reference count chunks
● TBD
– inline or post?
– policy (when to promote inline, etc.)
– agent home (embed in OSD, …)
APPLICATION
BASE POOL (REPLICATED, SSD)
SLOW 1 (EC) CAS DEDUP POOL

29. 29
CEPH-MGR: METRICS, MGMT
● Metrics aggregation
– short-term time series out of the box
– no persistent state
– streaming to external platform
(Prometheus, …)
● Host self-management functions
– automatic CRUSH optimization
– identification of slow devices
– steer IO away from busy devices
– device failure prediction
M G
consistency metrics
summary

30. 30
ARM
●
aarch64 builds
– centos7, ubuntu xenial
– have some, but awaiting more build hardware in community lab
●
thank you to partners!
● ppc64
●
armv7l
– http://ceph.com/community/500-osd-ceph-cluster/

31. 31
Gen 2 Gen3
ARM 32bit ARM 64 bit
uBoot UEFI
1GB DDR Up to 4GB DDR
2x 1GbE SGMII 2x 2.5GbE SGMII
Basic Security Enhanced Security
No Flash option Flash option
I2C Management Integrated
Management
Planning Gen3 availability to PoC partners
Contact james.wilshire@wdc.com
WDLABS MICROSERVER UPDATE

32. 32
CLIENT CACHES!
● RGW
– persistent read-only cache on NVMe
– fully consistent (only caches immutable “tail” rados objects)
– Mass Open Cloud
● RBD
– persistent read-only cache of immutable clone parent images
– writeback cache for improving write latency
● cluster image remains crash-consistent if client cache is lost
● CephFS
– kernel client already uses kernel fscache facility

33. 33
GROWING DEVELOPER COMMUNITY

34. 34
● Red Hat
● Mirantis
● SUSE
● ZTE
● China Mobile
● XSky
● Digiware
● Intel
● Kylin Cloud
● Easystack
● Istuary Innovation Group
● Quantum
● Mellanox
● H3C
● Quantum
● UnitedStack
● Deutsche Telekom
● Reliance Jio Infocomm
● OVH
● Alibaba
● DreamHost
● CERN
GROWING DEVELOPER COMMUNITY

35. 35
● Red Hat
● Mirantis
● SUSE
● ZTE
● China Mobile
● XSky
● Digiware
● Intel
● Kylin Cloud
● Easystack
● Istuary Innovation Group
● Quantum
● Mellanox
● H3C
● Quantum
● UnitedStack
● Deutsche Telekom
● Reliance Jio Infocomm
● OVH
● Alibaba
● DreamHost
● CERN
OPENSTACK VENDORS

36. 36
● Red Hat
● Mirantis
● SUSE
● ZTE
● China Mobile
● XSky
● Digiware
● Intel
● Kylin Cloud
● Easystack
● Istuary Innovation Group
● Quantum
● Mellanox
● H3C
● Quantum
● UnitedStack
● Deutsche Telekom
● Reliance Jio Infocomm
● OVH
● Alibaba
● DreamHost
● CERN
CLOUD OPERATORS

37. 37
● Red Hat
● Mirantis
● SUSE
● ZTE
● China Mobile
● XSky
● Digiware
● Intel
● Kylin Cloud
● Easystack
● Istuary Innovation Group
● Quantum
● Mellanox
● H3C
● Quantum
● UnitedStack
● Deutsche Telekom
● Reliance Jio Infocomm
● OVH
● Alibaba
● DreamHost
● CERN
HARDWARE AND SOLUTION VENDORS

38. 38
● Red Hat
● Mirantis
● SUSE
● ZTE
● China Mobile
● XSky
● Digiware
● Intel
● Kylin Cloud
● Easystack
● Istuary Innovation Group
● Quantum
● Mellanox
● H3C
● Quantum
● UnitedStack
● Deutsche Telekom
● Reliance Jio Infocomm
● OVH
● Alibaba
● DreamHost
● CERN
???

39. 39
● Mailing list and IRC
– http://ceph.com/IRC
● Ceph Developer Monthly
– first Weds of every month
– video conference (Bluejeans)
– alternating APAC- and EMEA-
friendly times
● Github
– https://github.com/ceph/
●
Ceph Days
– http://ceph.com/cephdays/
●
Meetups
– http://ceph.com/meetups
●
Ceph Tech Talks
– http://ceph.com/ceph-tech-talks
/
●
‘Ceph’ Youtube channel
– (google it)
●
Twitter
– @ceph
GET INVOLVED

40. THANK YOU!
Sage Weil
CEPH PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT
sage@redhat.com
@liewegas