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   Over 35% of returned Iraq and Afghanistan
    veterans in VA care have received mental
    health diagnoses.

   OIF/OEF (Operation Iraqi Freedom, OIF and
    Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF) veterans
    receiving Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
    health care and identified high rates of
    posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (21.8%),
    depression (17.4%), and alcohol use disorder
    (7.1%); anxiety and adjustment

                     Cohen et al. (2010)
   1 in 4 Veterans ages 18-25 met the criteria for
    substance abuse disorder in 2006
   1.8 million Veterans of any age met the criteria
    for having a substance abuse disorder in 2006
   81% of justice-involved Veterans had a
    substance abuse issue prior to incarceration
   There are 140,000 U.S. Veterans in prison, and
    60% of those have a substance abuse problem
   There are 130,000 homeless U.S. Veterans, and
    75% of them suffer from substance abuse
    problems
            U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of
                 Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
   Those returning may have difficulties in
    meeting the developmental demands of adult
    life:
       -Maintaining employment
       -Family issues and in some cases Domestic
       Violence
       -Other social relationships such as romantic
       relationships and friendships



                       Finley et al. (2012).
   A 2009 study found that veterans with
    mental health diagnoses, particularly
    PTSD, utilize significantly more VA non-
    mental health medical services.



                   Cohen et al. 2009
   Recognizes treatment of mental and
    substance use disorders are an integral part
    of improving and maintaining overall health.
   From this comes the idea of modern
    addiction and mental health




                     Samhsa.gov
   A modern mental health and addiction service
    system provides:
        Continuum of effective treatment and support
        services such as:
             Healthcare (mental health and substance treatment)
             Employment
             Housing
             Education




                                 Samhsa.gov
   A continuum of services benefit package,
    within available funding, that supports
    recovery and resilience, including prevention
    and early intervention services, an emphasis on
    cost-effective, evidence-based and best practice
    service approaches.




                       Samhsa.gov
   A community based program that fulfils the
    idea of a modern addiction and mental health
    philosophy

   The program will serve as a form of “One stop
    shop” for veterans with comorbidity that need
    services

   This will be done by addressing the clients
    needs as they come through the door
   Individual, group, and family therapy will be
    utilized.
   An emphasis on trauma informed care will be
    used in all modalities of treatment, specifically
    that of Seeking Safety for Veterans
   Research has found that this approach has
    helped with increased treatment attendance,
    client satisfaction and active coping.



                       Boden et al (2012)
   It addresses PTSD and SUD issues together

   It allows clinicians to offer PTSD as an entry
    point to treatment given the potential stigma
    around treatment for Veterans since they can
    be a difficult population to engage




                      Najavits et al. (2010)
    Case management component can help engage
    clients in further mental health and SUD care

    Help foster reintegration to civilian life and it
    supports their connection with other veterans.




                       Najavits et al. (2012)
   Male veterans with PTSD are more likely to
    report marital or relationship problems, higher
    levels of parenting problems, and generally
    poorer family adjustment

   For this reason, family therapy will be used to
    help reintegrate clients into their families and
    help families communicate better around their
    unique issues
                  Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon,
                                 Z. (1995)
   In addition, support groups for families will be
    held such as:
     Alanon
     Psychoeducation
     Caregiver burden
     Other issues that may arise with
      having a veteran in the family


                  Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon,
                                 Z. (1995)
   In conjunction with treatment, clients will
    receive intensive case management in order to
    support with:
       Medication Management
       Job readiness
       Housing
       Education
   Boden MT, Kimerling R, Jacobs-Lentz J, Bowman D, Weaver
    C, Carney D, Walser R, Trafton JA. (2012).Seeking Safety
    treatment for male veterans with a substance use disorder
    and PTSD symptomatology.Addiction, 107, 578-586.
   Cohen, B. E., Gima, K., Bertenthal, D., Kim, S., Marmar, C.
    R., & Seal, K. H. (2010). Mental health diagnoses and
    utilization of VA non-mental health medical services among
    returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Journal Of General
    Internal Medicine, 25(1), 18-24.
    doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1117-3
   Finley, E. P., Pugh, M., Noel, P. H., & Brown, P. J. (2012).
    Validating a measure of self-efficacy for life tasks in male
    OEF/OIF veterans.Psychology Of Men & Masculinity, 13(2),
    143-157. doi:10.1037/a0023607
   Hoge, C. W., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Milliken, C. S. (2006).
    Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and
    attrition from military services after returning from
    deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Journal of the American
    Medical Association, 295, 1023–1032.

   Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon, Z. (1995). Marital
    intimacy, family support, and secondary traumatization: A
    study of wives of veterans with combat stress
    reaction. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 8, 203-213.

   Najavits, L. M., Norman, S. B., Kivlahan, D., & Kosten, T. R.
    (2010). Improving PTSD/substance abuse treatment in the
    VA: A survey of providers. The American Journal On
    Addictions, 19(3), 257-263.
    doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00039.x
   Norman, S. B., Wilkins, K. C., Tapert, S. F., Lang, A. J., &
    Najavits, L. M. (2010). A pilot study of seeking safety
    therapy with OEF/OIF veterans. Journal Of Psychoactive
    Drugs, 42(1), 83-87. doi:10.1080/02791072.2010.10399788

   http://www.samhsa.gov/healthreform/docs/good_and_m
    odern_4_18_2011_508.pdf

   http://www.seekingsafety.org/3-03-06/studies.html#Veter
    ans_from_Iraq_and_Afghanistan

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Community mental health for veterans f

  • 1.
  • 2. Over 35% of returned Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in VA care have received mental health diagnoses.  OIF/OEF (Operation Iraqi Freedom, OIF and Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF) veterans receiving Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care and identified high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (21.8%), depression (17.4%), and alcohol use disorder (7.1%); anxiety and adjustment Cohen et al. (2010)
  • 3. 1 in 4 Veterans ages 18-25 met the criteria for substance abuse disorder in 2006  1.8 million Veterans of any age met the criteria for having a substance abuse disorder in 2006  81% of justice-involved Veterans had a substance abuse issue prior to incarceration  There are 140,000 U.S. Veterans in prison, and 60% of those have a substance abuse problem  There are 130,000 homeless U.S. Veterans, and 75% of them suffer from substance abuse problems U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • 4. Those returning may have difficulties in meeting the developmental demands of adult life: -Maintaining employment -Family issues and in some cases Domestic Violence -Other social relationships such as romantic relationships and friendships Finley et al. (2012).
  • 5. A 2009 study found that veterans with mental health diagnoses, particularly PTSD, utilize significantly more VA non- mental health medical services. Cohen et al. 2009
  • 6. Recognizes treatment of mental and substance use disorders are an integral part of improving and maintaining overall health.  From this comes the idea of modern addiction and mental health Samhsa.gov
  • 7. A modern mental health and addiction service system provides:  Continuum of effective treatment and support services such as:  Healthcare (mental health and substance treatment)  Employment  Housing  Education Samhsa.gov
  • 8. A continuum of services benefit package, within available funding, that supports recovery and resilience, including prevention and early intervention services, an emphasis on cost-effective, evidence-based and best practice service approaches. Samhsa.gov
  • 9. A community based program that fulfils the idea of a modern addiction and mental health philosophy  The program will serve as a form of “One stop shop” for veterans with comorbidity that need services  This will be done by addressing the clients needs as they come through the door
  • 10. Individual, group, and family therapy will be utilized.  An emphasis on trauma informed care will be used in all modalities of treatment, specifically that of Seeking Safety for Veterans  Research has found that this approach has helped with increased treatment attendance, client satisfaction and active coping. Boden et al (2012)
  • 11. It addresses PTSD and SUD issues together  It allows clinicians to offer PTSD as an entry point to treatment given the potential stigma around treatment for Veterans since they can be a difficult population to engage Najavits et al. (2010)
  • 12. Case management component can help engage clients in further mental health and SUD care   Help foster reintegration to civilian life and it supports their connection with other veterans. Najavits et al. (2012)
  • 13. Male veterans with PTSD are more likely to report marital or relationship problems, higher levels of parenting problems, and generally poorer family adjustment  For this reason, family therapy will be used to help reintegrate clients into their families and help families communicate better around their unique issues Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon, Z. (1995)
  • 14. In addition, support groups for families will be held such as:  Alanon  Psychoeducation  Caregiver burden  Other issues that may arise with having a veteran in the family Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon, Z. (1995)
  • 15. In conjunction with treatment, clients will receive intensive case management in order to support with:  Medication Management  Job readiness  Housing  Education
  • 16. Boden MT, Kimerling R, Jacobs-Lentz J, Bowman D, Weaver C, Carney D, Walser R, Trafton JA. (2012).Seeking Safety treatment for male veterans with a substance use disorder and PTSD symptomatology.Addiction, 107, 578-586.  Cohen, B. E., Gima, K., Bertenthal, D., Kim, S., Marmar, C. R., & Seal, K. H. (2010). Mental health diagnoses and utilization of VA non-mental health medical services among returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Journal Of General Internal Medicine, 25(1), 18-24. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1117-3  Finley, E. P., Pugh, M., Noel, P. H., & Brown, P. J. (2012). Validating a measure of self-efficacy for life tasks in male OEF/OIF veterans.Psychology Of Men & Masculinity, 13(2), 143-157. doi:10.1037/a0023607
  • 17. Hoge, C. W., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Milliken, C. S. (2006). Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military services after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1023–1032.  Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon, Z. (1995). Marital intimacy, family support, and secondary traumatization: A study of wives of veterans with combat stress reaction. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 8, 203-213.  Najavits, L. M., Norman, S. B., Kivlahan, D., & Kosten, T. R. (2010). Improving PTSD/substance abuse treatment in the VA: A survey of providers. The American Journal On Addictions, 19(3), 257-263. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00039.x
  • 18. Norman, S. B., Wilkins, K. C., Tapert, S. F., Lang, A. J., & Najavits, L. M. (2010). A pilot study of seeking safety therapy with OEF/OIF veterans. Journal Of Psychoactive Drugs, 42(1), 83-87. doi:10.1080/02791072.2010.10399788  http://www.samhsa.gov/healthreform/docs/good_and_m odern_4_18_2011_508.pdf  http://www.seekingsafety.org/3-03-06/studies.html#Veter ans_from_Iraq_and_Afghanistan

Editor's Notes

  1. Cohen