The document discusses global water scarcity and the significance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in addressing this issue. It explains different types of treatment plants, management principles for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP), and the stages involved in wastewater treatment. The advantages and limitations of CETPs are also highlighted, emphasizing their role in assisting small and medium industries while addressing the challenges posed by varying effluent qualities.

1. PRESENTED BY:-
SHIVANI GUPTA

2. Water
 Water scarcity is the major problem that is
faced all across the world. Although 2/3rd of
the earths crust is made up of water but all this
water is not available for drinking
 the major part of water that can be consumed
is getting polluted because of human activities
2

3. Wastewater Treatment
Plant
 Most treatment plants were built to
clean wastewater for discharge into streams
or other receiving waters, or for reuse
 The basic function of wastewater treatment is
to speed up the natural processes by
which water is purified
3

4. Types of Wastewater
Treatment Plants
There are three types of Wastewater Treatment Plants :-
 Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)
 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)
 Common and Combined Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETP)
4

5. Management of CETP
schemes
The following aspects of management is to be
consider
 Classification of industries
 Ownership
 Operation and Maintenance
 Financial aspects
5

6. Technical aspects for
establishment of CETP
schemes
Numbers of technical aspects can be listed
below:-
 Collection and conveyance system
 Design and treatment alternatives
 Disposal of treated effluent
 Cost estimation and cost benefit analysis
6

7. Basis of CETP designed
CETP is designed on the basis of:
 Quality and flow rate of the wastewater
 Effluent standard required by CETP
 Possibility of recycle and reuse of treated
wastewater
 Availability of land, manpower, energy and expertise
in specific treatment methods
7

8. What is CETP?
 Influent:- Untreated waste water
 Effluent:- Treated waste water
 Sludge:- Solid part separated from waste
water by CETP
8
INFLUENT
CETP
TREATMENT
EFFLUENT
SLUDGE

9. Commom Effluent
Treatment Plant(CETP)
 The concept of common effluent treatment plant
has been accepted as a solution for collecting,
conveying, treating, and disposing of the effluents
from the industrial estates
 This CETP concept helps small and medium scale
industries to dispose of their effluents
 The effluent include industrial wastewaters and
domestic sewage generated from the estate
9

10. CETP categories
 Homogenous: Industries producing similar goods
in that industrial area are contributing.
E.g.- tanneries, paper etc.
 Heterogenous: Industries producing widely
divergent goods are placed together.
E.g.- chemical, dairy, soft drink, canneries,
pharmaceuticals etc.
10

11. What is Effluent ?
 Liquid waste out of a factory, farm, commercial
establishment, or a household into a water body
such as a river, lake, or lagoon, or a sewer system
or reservoir
 Industrial Effluent:- Those materials which
generally discarded from industrial operations or
derived from manufacturing process
11

12. Wastewater Treatment
It has been done in 4 major steps:-
 Preliminary Treatment
 Primary Treatment
 Secondary treatment
 Tertiary Treatment
12

13. Preliminary Treatment
 Remove coarse materials that could damage plant
equipment or would occupy treatment capacity
without being treated with the help of Screens
Pretreatment at Industry level:-
 Separation of certain wastewater sewer or drains,in
a logical manner,in each industry itself
 Eg:- Steam condenser can be taken directly back to
the boiler for reuse
13

14. Primary Treatment
 Remove various settleable and floatable particles
present in the wastewater
Sand and Grit Removal
 Velocity of incoming water is controlled
 Allow sand grit and stones to settle
 Organic matter within the flow
 Avoid damage of pumps and other equipments
14

15. Secondary treatment
 Remove BOD, dissolved and colloidal suspended
organic matter by chemical action
 Organics are converted to stable solids and carbon
dioxide
 Chemicals like Alum and polyelectolyte added to
Wastewater
 Coagulation and flocculation takes place
15

16. Secondary treatment
16

17. Tertiary Treatment
 Physical impurity removed by graded filtration
 Removal of physical impurity of 250 micron to 50
micron size
 It uses Dual Media Filter(DMF) and Activatd Carbon
Filter(ACF)
 Post Chlorination
17

18. 18
SLUDGE
THICKNER
SLUDGE
HOLDING TANK
VACCUM
FILTER
SLUDGE BED

19. Tests in CETPs
Various tests conducted in CETPs:-
 pH test
 TDS test
 TSS test
 BOD test
 COD test
 Jar test
19

20. CETP’s in India
 First unit of CETP established at Pali (Rajasthan), in
1983 by RIICO
 At the same time, establishment of CETP for
tanneries in Tamil Nadu taken up by state PSU
20

21. Advantages of CETP
 Small and medium scale industries are not required
to treat their wastewater separately
 Investment at personal level is not requirement
 Technical expertise is not required
 As many industries waste water is coming in CETP
dilution is achieved
 Treatment cost is reduced
 Assured wastewater treatment hence better control
over pollution.
21

22. Limitations of CETPs
 CETPs that serve heterogeneous industrial units
will always have to face fluctuations in quantity and
quality of cocktail of effluent
 Occupy too much space
 Only control 5 parameters(pH,BOD,COD,TDS,TSS)
 The mixing of highly complex waste streams, some
of which may be hot and contain chemically active
compounds
 Many of the most toxic and persistent components
of chemical waste streams may simply pass
through the CETP unmodified.
22

23. THANK YOU
23