Commercilization of agriculture
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The document discusses the commercialization of agriculture in India under British rule. The British encouraged farmers to produce raw materials for industry rather than goods for local use. This led to the rise of intermediaries who bought crops from farmers cheaply and sold them for profit. Farmers were compelled to sell at lower prices and faced taxes even during poor harvests. Many lost their land to debt and were plunged into poverty, while craftspeople also struggled as their industries declined. In conclusion, commercialization of agriculture under British policies impoverished many peasants in India.
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Commercialization of agriculture
Commercialization of agriculture in India began during British rule in the 1860s. The British implemented policies and activities that promoted commercialization, such as the Ryotwari Settlement which made agricultural land freely exchangeable. Certain crops with high market demand, such as cotton, jute, sugarcane and tea, began to be intensively cultivated for sale rather than local consumption. While commercialization increased agricultural productivity and benefited wealthy farmers and traders, it also led to income inequalities in rural societies and caused famines by substituting food crops for cash crops. Overall, commercialization had mixed impacts on India's agriculture and rural economy.
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Polygons are geometric shapes with equal number of sides and angles. The sum of the interior angles of any polygon is always 1800(n-2) degrees, where n is the number of sides. For example, the sum of interior angles of a hexagon is 3600 degrees.
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Commercilization of agriculture
- 1. WELCOME
- 4. In pre British period Indian cultivators produced items for daily use and some luxury items such as silk After Industrial Revolution, the peasants were compelled to produce raw materials like cotton and silk necessary for industrial production.
- 5. The British encouraged production aimed for the market. Commercialization of agriculture resulted in the emergence of intermediaries, who collected products from the farmers & sold them in the market.
- 6. The cultivators were compelled to exchange their products at price much lower than the market. The decline of indigenous production brought about the entry of foreign goods . India became the market place for foreign goods
- 7. PEASANTS TOWARDS POVERTY Climate change and natural calamities adversely affected the agricultural production. The farmers were forced to pay taxes even when there was no production.
- 8. Company also introduced several taxes on essential commodities like salt, oil, kerosene. The craftsmen and weavers who lost their jobs as a result of the British policies sought and gained work in a newly formed plantations. The gap b/w income and liabilities of the peasantry and laboring classes increased day by day.
- 9. They were transformed into debtors. Even their homesteads were given to the money lenders in order to avoid debt burden
- 10. CONCLUSION commercialization of agriculture resulted in the decline of conventional agricultural production and the policies adopted by the British also pulled down the poor peasants into the pool of miseries.
- 11. THANK YOU