In this presentation on Radiometry and Photometry we will look at Radiometry, the detection and measurement of radiation across the full electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. Photometry is concerned only with the visible portion of the spectrum, from about 380 to 780 nanometers.
In this presentation on LED Basics we will look at a few topics in semiconductor lighting such as light generation from a semiconductor material, LED chip technology, structure of an LED, creating white light in an LED package and finally some definitions of CCT and CRI.
In this presentation on External Thermal Resistance we will look at the thermal resistance of various substrate types, thermal management with printed circuit boards, and examples that compare the thermal resistance of various substrate technologies.
This document discusses the thermal characteristics of LEDs. It shows that as the junction temperature of an LED increases, its light output decreases, forward voltage drops, color shifts to lower wavelengths, and maximum ratings can be exceeded. The document emphasizes that LED specifications are based on standardized testing conditions, while actual applications may have different thermal environments, so temperature effects must be considered in design.
Artificial neural networks for ion beam analysisArmando Vieira
The document discusses using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for ion beam analysis. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Using ANNs to analyze Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data in an automated way, by recognizing patterns in the data related to sample properties without explicit knowledge of causes.
2) Training ANNs on datasets of RBS spectra with known sample parameters to allow the ANNs to relate spectral features to things like layer thickness, composition, and depth.
3) The potential for ANNs to enable real-time automated analysis and optimization of ion beam experiments.
The document discusses lithium-ion battery simulation. It provides information on a lithium-ion battery pack specification including capacity, rated current, input/output voltages, and charging time. It also shows discharge time characteristics for the battery pack at different discharge rates as well as single cell discharge characteristics from measurement and simulation data. Finally, it shows the charge time characteristics for charging the battery pack at a 0.2C rate.
The document summarizes the specifications of the GS 754B CCD Forked Photoelectric Sensors. It includes:
1) Key specifications of the optical, timing, electrical, and output characteristics.
2) Information on indicators, mechanical properties, and environmental requirements.
3) Ordering guide and selection table to choose the appropriate sensor variant.
The document discusses high power white LED technology for solid state lighting. It provides an overview of the LED lighting market and competition from incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. It then discusses different methods for creating white light from LEDs, including using red, green, and blue LEDs; a UV LED with RGB phosphors; and a blue LED with yellow phosphor. It provides details on LED metrics like luminous efficiency and color rendering index. Finally, it analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of each white light method.
In this presentation on Radiometry and Photometry we will look at Radiometry, the detection and measurement of radiation across the full electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. Photometry is concerned only with the visible portion of the spectrum, from about 380 to 780 nanometers.
In this presentation on LED Basics we will look at a few topics in semiconductor lighting such as light generation from a semiconductor material, LED chip technology, structure of an LED, creating white light in an LED package and finally some definitions of CCT and CRI.
In this presentation on External Thermal Resistance we will look at the thermal resistance of various substrate types, thermal management with printed circuit boards, and examples that compare the thermal resistance of various substrate technologies.
This document discusses the thermal characteristics of LEDs. It shows that as the junction temperature of an LED increases, its light output decreases, forward voltage drops, color shifts to lower wavelengths, and maximum ratings can be exceeded. The document emphasizes that LED specifications are based on standardized testing conditions, while actual applications may have different thermal environments, so temperature effects must be considered in design.
Artificial neural networks for ion beam analysisArmando Vieira
The document discusses using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for ion beam analysis. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Using ANNs to analyze Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data in an automated way, by recognizing patterns in the data related to sample properties without explicit knowledge of causes.
2) Training ANNs on datasets of RBS spectra with known sample parameters to allow the ANNs to relate spectral features to things like layer thickness, composition, and depth.
3) The potential for ANNs to enable real-time automated analysis and optimization of ion beam experiments.
The document discusses lithium-ion battery simulation. It provides information on a lithium-ion battery pack specification including capacity, rated current, input/output voltages, and charging time. It also shows discharge time characteristics for the battery pack at different discharge rates as well as single cell discharge characteristics from measurement and simulation data. Finally, it shows the charge time characteristics for charging the battery pack at a 0.2C rate.
The document summarizes the specifications of the GS 754B CCD Forked Photoelectric Sensors. It includes:
1) Key specifications of the optical, timing, electrical, and output characteristics.
2) Information on indicators, mechanical properties, and environmental requirements.
3) Ordering guide and selection table to choose the appropriate sensor variant.
The document discusses high power white LED technology for solid state lighting. It provides an overview of the LED lighting market and competition from incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. It then discusses different methods for creating white light from LEDs, including using red, green, and blue LEDs; a UV LED with RGB phosphors; and a blue LED with yellow phosphor. It provides details on LED metrics like luminous efficiency and color rendering index. Finally, it analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of each white light method.
1) Initial condition setting can shorten simulation time and improve convergence by setting component voltages and currents at the start of simulation.
2) Simulating with the VCC startup voltage and initial conditions set on other nodes showed differences in simulation time.
3) Setting the output voltage initial condition below 19V instead of simulating the VCC startup also reduced simulation time.
4) Setting initial conditions on all nodes led to the fastest simulation time of 20.3 minutes for the full circuit simulation.
This document provides information about the course "Basic Electronics" including the course code, semester, subject title, teaching and examination scheme, rationale, objectives, learning structure, procedures, concepts, contents, and practical skills. The course is offered in the third semester and covers topics such as semiconductor diodes, rectifiers, filters, transistors, biasing circuits, and small signal amplifiers. The objectives are for students to understand components like diodes and transistors, draw basic circuits, know voltage amplifiers, test diodes and transistors, and read datasheets. The document outlines the course contents across 6 chapters and 12 practical experiments that develop intellectual and motor skills.
- The simulation shows the peak current in the bridge diode D1 at startup, which reaches around 140A.
- This occurs when the power supply is first turned on before it reaches steady state operation.
- The high current is due to the initial charging of the transformer primary from the DC bus capacitor.
- Over time, the current decreases as the power supply components become energized and regulated operation begins.
The increasing demand for light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been driven by a number of application categories, including display backlighting, communications, medical services, signage, and general illumination. The construction of LEDs is somewhat similar to microelectronics, but there are functional requirements, materials, and interfaces in LEDs that make their failure modes and mechanisms unique. This web seminar will present a review for industry and academic research on LED failure mechanisms and reliability to help LED developers and end-product manufacturers focus resources in an effective manner. The focus is on the reliability of LEDs at the die and package levels. The driving factors for precipitating these mechanisms will be discussed to help the developers and users of LEDs control the mechanisms and assess reliability. We will concentrate on the phosphor thermal quenching mechanism to illustrate the uniqueness of LEDs compared with other semiconductor devices.
This document provides specifications for HDSL line transformers for use with Conexant's RS8973 HDSL chipset. It lists electrical specifications, additional specifications, and mechanical details for two transformer models, the B1020 and B1040. The transformers are designed to meet safety standards and have excellent linearity and insertion loss performance.
Poster presentation of the scope, technological targets and innovative aspects of NHPON project, supported by The Greek
General Secretariat for Research and Technology,
Ministry of Education, through the programme EPANII/
ESPA: “SYNERGASIA”, project 09-SYN-42-630
The document provides technical specifications and troubleshooting information for the X26 Thermal Rifle Scope. It includes:
1) Key specifications such as the focal length, field of view, battery life, and dimensions.
2) A diagram labeling the main controls and components of the device.
3) A quick reference guide for operating the device, including accessing menus and making adjustments.
4) Troubleshooting tips for common issues like no display, poor focus, or housing damage, along with the probable causes and corrective actions.
2.overview of recent_technology_trends_in_energy-efficient_lightingdepohesap
This document provides an overview of recent trends in energy-efficient lighting technologies. It discusses the history of electric lighting and describes various common light source technologies including incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, and high intensity discharge lamps. For each technology, it covers aspects like efficacy, color rendering, lifetime, and ballast requirements. The document serves to inform readers about the characteristics and performance of different lighting options.
Energy storage devices (battery, capacitator): Large storage, low cost, Long life, high density, small storage, high cost, high power, high rate charge, long life
The document discusses placement algorithms used in circuit design. It describes the min-cut placement algorithm which partitions the layout surface and circuit into halves recursively to minimize wirelength. Terminal propagation is discussed to address limitations of min-cut by considering terminal pin positions. Placement by simulated annealing is also summarized, using neighborhood structures and cost functions to iteratively improve placement quality as temperature decreases.
This document describes a simplified SPICE behavioral model for simulating fuse behavior. The model allows users to set parameters like current rating, fusing factor, internal resistance, and melting value based on datasheet specifications. Simulation results show fusing time varies with DC current level and different current waveforms based on I2t heating effects. A specific fuse model tailored for a part provides more accurate fusing time predictions than the general model.
This document summarizes a review of the Mekong Basin Futures Project. It outlines key issues facing the Mekong region including increasing population, economic development, climate change, fisheries and irrigation challenges, and upstream dam development. It cautions that while some changes can be influenced, historical forces and natural population growth will also drive significant change in the region. Humility and realism are important in assessing what the project and partners can impact.
One-way quantum computation with ultra-narrow optical transition of 171Yb atomsAkimasa Nakamoto
1. The document describes a plan to implement a one-way quantum computer using 171Yb atoms, which have small nuclear magnetic moments that enable long coherence times but make two-qubit gates difficult via dipole-dipole interaction.
2. The proposed strategy is to create a cluster state by producing a highly entangled multi-particle state through controlled interactions between the nuclear spins, then perform computations by applying unitary transformations and measuring each qubit sequentially.
3. Conventional cluster state creation techniques used electronic spins in rubidium atoms via collisions, but the small magnetic moment of the 171Yb nuclear spin leads to weaker interactions requiring a new approach.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC5823-TL-E in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
Presentación proyecto de vivienda parte analiticaArnaldo Alves
This document summarizes the analysis and calculations for the electrical installation of a housing project. It includes:
- An initial load census and proposed load of the housing.
- Calculations of the length and cross-sectional area needed for 14 electrical derivations within the housing based on the load and layout.
- Calculations of the cross-sectional area needed for the general line and electrical panel based on the total load of 7.4kw.
The document provides detailed technical specifications for properly installing and distributing electricity within the housing project based on electrical code.
Introduction to Zeta Potential Technology in the SZ-100HORIBA Particle
This document provides an introduction to zeta potential measurement using the SZ-100 instrument. It defines zeta potential as the charge on a particle at the shear plane. It describes how particle surfaces acquire charge through processes like ionization, differential ion loss, and specific ion adsorption. It explains that measuring zeta potential is a good way to evaluate electrostatic stabilization of suspensions and predict particle interactions. The document outlines how zeta potential is measured using light scattering to detect particle motion under an applied electric field, and how data analysis is performed to determine electrophoretic mobility and calculate zeta potential values.
Introduction to the european hydration instituteEHIfoundation
The European Hydration Institute is a foundation established to advance knowledge about hydration and its effects on health, wellness, and performance. It works with independent scientists on its Science Advisory Board to compile scientific evidence, offer research grants, undertake research, and share knowledge with healthcare professionals and the public. The EHI partners with organizations that share its goal of improving hydration education and is supported by founding partners including nutrition organizations and companies.
1) Initial condition setting can shorten simulation time and improve convergence by setting component voltages and currents at the start of simulation.
2) Simulating with the VCC startup voltage and initial conditions set on other nodes showed differences in simulation time.
3) Setting the output voltage initial condition below 19V instead of simulating the VCC startup also reduced simulation time.
4) Setting initial conditions on all nodes led to the fastest simulation time of 20.3 minutes for the full circuit simulation.
This document provides information about the course "Basic Electronics" including the course code, semester, subject title, teaching and examination scheme, rationale, objectives, learning structure, procedures, concepts, contents, and practical skills. The course is offered in the third semester and covers topics such as semiconductor diodes, rectifiers, filters, transistors, biasing circuits, and small signal amplifiers. The objectives are for students to understand components like diodes and transistors, draw basic circuits, know voltage amplifiers, test diodes and transistors, and read datasheets. The document outlines the course contents across 6 chapters and 12 practical experiments that develop intellectual and motor skills.
- The simulation shows the peak current in the bridge diode D1 at startup, which reaches around 140A.
- This occurs when the power supply is first turned on before it reaches steady state operation.
- The high current is due to the initial charging of the transformer primary from the DC bus capacitor.
- Over time, the current decreases as the power supply components become energized and regulated operation begins.
The increasing demand for light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been driven by a number of application categories, including display backlighting, communications, medical services, signage, and general illumination. The construction of LEDs is somewhat similar to microelectronics, but there are functional requirements, materials, and interfaces in LEDs that make their failure modes and mechanisms unique. This web seminar will present a review for industry and academic research on LED failure mechanisms and reliability to help LED developers and end-product manufacturers focus resources in an effective manner. The focus is on the reliability of LEDs at the die and package levels. The driving factors for precipitating these mechanisms will be discussed to help the developers and users of LEDs control the mechanisms and assess reliability. We will concentrate on the phosphor thermal quenching mechanism to illustrate the uniqueness of LEDs compared with other semiconductor devices.
This document provides specifications for HDSL line transformers for use with Conexant's RS8973 HDSL chipset. It lists electrical specifications, additional specifications, and mechanical details for two transformer models, the B1020 and B1040. The transformers are designed to meet safety standards and have excellent linearity and insertion loss performance.
Poster presentation of the scope, technological targets and innovative aspects of NHPON project, supported by The Greek
General Secretariat for Research and Technology,
Ministry of Education, through the programme EPANII/
ESPA: “SYNERGASIA”, project 09-SYN-42-630
The document provides technical specifications and troubleshooting information for the X26 Thermal Rifle Scope. It includes:
1) Key specifications such as the focal length, field of view, battery life, and dimensions.
2) A diagram labeling the main controls and components of the device.
3) A quick reference guide for operating the device, including accessing menus and making adjustments.
4) Troubleshooting tips for common issues like no display, poor focus, or housing damage, along with the probable causes and corrective actions.
2.overview of recent_technology_trends_in_energy-efficient_lightingdepohesap
This document provides an overview of recent trends in energy-efficient lighting technologies. It discusses the history of electric lighting and describes various common light source technologies including incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, and high intensity discharge lamps. For each technology, it covers aspects like efficacy, color rendering, lifetime, and ballast requirements. The document serves to inform readers about the characteristics and performance of different lighting options.
Energy storage devices (battery, capacitator): Large storage, low cost, Long life, high density, small storage, high cost, high power, high rate charge, long life
The document discusses placement algorithms used in circuit design. It describes the min-cut placement algorithm which partitions the layout surface and circuit into halves recursively to minimize wirelength. Terminal propagation is discussed to address limitations of min-cut by considering terminal pin positions. Placement by simulated annealing is also summarized, using neighborhood structures and cost functions to iteratively improve placement quality as temperature decreases.
This document describes a simplified SPICE behavioral model for simulating fuse behavior. The model allows users to set parameters like current rating, fusing factor, internal resistance, and melting value based on datasheet specifications. Simulation results show fusing time varies with DC current level and different current waveforms based on I2t heating effects. A specific fuse model tailored for a part provides more accurate fusing time predictions than the general model.
This document summarizes a review of the Mekong Basin Futures Project. It outlines key issues facing the Mekong region including increasing population, economic development, climate change, fisheries and irrigation challenges, and upstream dam development. It cautions that while some changes can be influenced, historical forces and natural population growth will also drive significant change in the region. Humility and realism are important in assessing what the project and partners can impact.
One-way quantum computation with ultra-narrow optical transition of 171Yb atomsAkimasa Nakamoto
1. The document describes a plan to implement a one-way quantum computer using 171Yb atoms, which have small nuclear magnetic moments that enable long coherence times but make two-qubit gates difficult via dipole-dipole interaction.
2. The proposed strategy is to create a cluster state by producing a highly entangled multi-particle state through controlled interactions between the nuclear spins, then perform computations by applying unitary transformations and measuring each qubit sequentially.
3. Conventional cluster state creation techniques used electronic spins in rubidium atoms via collisions, but the small magnetic moment of the 171Yb nuclear spin leads to weaker interactions requiring a new approach.
SPICE MODEL of 2SC5823-TL-E in SPICE PARK. English Version is http://www.spicepark.net. Japanese Version is http://www.spicepark.com by Bee Technologies.
Presentación proyecto de vivienda parte analiticaArnaldo Alves
This document summarizes the analysis and calculations for the electrical installation of a housing project. It includes:
- An initial load census and proposed load of the housing.
- Calculations of the length and cross-sectional area needed for 14 electrical derivations within the housing based on the load and layout.
- Calculations of the cross-sectional area needed for the general line and electrical panel based on the total load of 7.4kw.
The document provides detailed technical specifications for properly installing and distributing electricity within the housing project based on electrical code.
Introduction to Zeta Potential Technology in the SZ-100HORIBA Particle
This document provides an introduction to zeta potential measurement using the SZ-100 instrument. It defines zeta potential as the charge on a particle at the shear plane. It describes how particle surfaces acquire charge through processes like ionization, differential ion loss, and specific ion adsorption. It explains that measuring zeta potential is a good way to evaluate electrostatic stabilization of suspensions and predict particle interactions. The document outlines how zeta potential is measured using light scattering to detect particle motion under an applied electric field, and how data analysis is performed to determine electrophoretic mobility and calculate zeta potential values.
Introduction to the european hydration instituteEHIfoundation
The European Hydration Institute is a foundation established to advance knowledge about hydration and its effects on health, wellness, and performance. It works with independent scientists on its Science Advisory Board to compile scientific evidence, offer research grants, undertake research, and share knowledge with healthcare professionals and the public. The EHI partners with organizations that share its goal of improving hydration education and is supported by founding partners including nutrition organizations and companies.
At OPPLE, we believe the effect light has on health and human happiness is an integral component of crafting any space. This catalogue we provide has been curated to offer a diverse and unique, yet essential, array of lighting solutions.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
AtomSvet is a Russian producer of LED luminaires for industrial facilities, public utilities and residential area, etc. The company offers a complete range of products and services, including site inspection, finding rational ways of saving energy by means of installing LED lighting, as well as technical inspection. AtomSvet also delivers turnkey solutions for companies providing smooth transition to energy saving lighting.
AtomSvet's advanced technologies and flexible approach allow to meet the needs of every customer.
AtomSvet lighting fixtures find an application in extreme weather conditions as well as in severe environments.
The right lighting design can have a major impact on the atmosphere of your home. With these 3 key tips, OPPLE can help you create a home environment that you look forward to coming home to every day.
How to Make Smart Lighting Choices for Your Business OPPLE Lighting
No matter if your facility is a restaurant, shopping mall, retail shop or office building, the right lighting is crucial to improving both the physical and emotional environment of your business. So today, let our OPPLE Experts offer you some smart and useful lighting installation tips taken directly from three of our most recent project experiences: Burger King, The Adidas Flagship Store and The First Yantai International.
Philips Lighting aims to take lighting beyond illumination by making people feel safer, enhancing emotions, developing innovative solutions to meet food demand, and creating smarter workspaces. As the world's largest lighting company, Philips Lighting innovates with customers globally in homes, governments, cities, offices, industry, and retail to shape the new era of lighting and make an impact on people's lives with light. They are looking for passionate people to join their global organization of over 60 countries.
Royal Philips Electronics is a Dutch diversified technology company founded in 1891. It has major divisions in consumer electronics, lighting, medical systems, and domestic appliances. Headquartered in Amsterdam, Philips has over 100,000 employees worldwide and operates in over 60 countries. It generates revenue of over €21 billion annually from products like home appliances, lighting, and medical equipment. Philips has undergone restructuring over the years to focus on innovation and build its brand in healthcare, lighting, and consumer products.
The document discusses mesopic vision and its importance in lighting design. It describes the three states of human eye response - scotopic, mesopic, and photopic. Mesopic vision occurs at low light levels, between scotopic and photopic, and the eye has a peak sensitivity to light in the blue-green region of the spectrum. This mesopic effect is quantified using the S/P ratio and effective luminance factor (ELF). Considering mesopic vision can improve the efficacy of LED lighting systems compared to high pressure sodium lamps, with energy savings for street lighting applications. Tables show typical S/P ratios and ELF values are affected by light source spectrum.
UV LEDs - Technology, Manufacturing and Application Trends 2016 Report by Yol...Yole Developpement
After fast adoption of UVA LEDs for curing applications, UVC LEDs for purification/disinfection are now ready
FOLLOWING THE UV CURING BOOM, DISINFECTION AND PURIFICATION APPLICATIONS ARE FINALLY READY TO TAKE OFF
The UVC LED industry is still small but strong growth is expected in the next 18 months due to dramatic price reductions. In 2016 prices are 1/8-1/10 of what they were in 2015. This has been triggered by the industry’s development, its transition to mass production and improved device performance. With most of the industry believing that $1-$4/mW is the price that would trigger mass market adoption we are getting close to a UVC LED market boom. Another positive sign is that most UVC LED manufacturers are now focusing on developing cost-effective solutions rather than improving device power output. In parallel, the UVC LED industry continues to work on increasing lifetime and developing lower wavelength devices, below 280nm.
UVA LEDs continue to progress in the UV curing space. Continuous improvement of device performance coupled with price reduction has allowed the technology to be increasingly adopted in UV curing applications. Penetration of UV LEDs is increasing but we observe differences in adoption rates depending on application. Small size and low speed applications like spot adhesive and digital inkjets have the highest adoption rate, and most new developments use UV LEDs. This is due to the small module size and low irradiance level needed that limits the extra cost of integrating UV LEDs compared to the total price of systems like inkjet printers. On the other hand, applications that need high speed processes and/or high levels of irradiance such as screen printing or coating applications have lower adoption rates. This is because UV LED performance is not yet good enough to fully replace traditional mercury lamps.
In this context, we expect the UVC LED market to strongly grow from $7M in 2015 to $610M by 2021. Despite increased penetration rate in all applications, the UVA LED market will grow more slowly, from $107M in 2015 to $357M by 2021, moderated by price pressure.
The report presents a comprehensive review of all UV light applications including analysis of UV curing, UV purification/disinfection and analytical instruments. It highlights the UV LED working principle, market structure, UV LED market drivers and associated challenges, recent trends, new applications created by UV LEDs, UV LED market size split by application, and much more.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports.html
This document compares different lighting technologies for lighting towers. Metal halide lighting is becoming outdated due to high maintenance costs from frequent bulb changes and fuel consumption. LEDs have improved but produce intense blue glare and have lower color rendering. CDM (cold cathode discharge metal) provides the best quality light with high color rendering and efficiency, directly replacing 1000W metal halide with only 150W while reducing glare. CDM produces "mesopic light" that stimulates both rod and cone cells in the eye for better visibility compared to the photopic light of other technologies. It has additional advantages including longer life, lower costs, and reducing health and safety risks from glare, flicker, and light pollution.
This document provides an overview of special cause tools used in Six Sigma. It introduces the CauseWise method for investigating problems, which focuses on determining differences and changes related to the problem. The method involves clarifying the problem statement, generating potential causes, and testing theories to identify the true cause. Examples are provided to illustrate how the CauseWise questions can be used to scope a problem and rule out potential causes. The benefits of the CauseWise method are that it avoids blame, helps get to the accurate root cause objectively and faster, and can be used intuitively with less information or more investigatively with more information.
aqui les traigo el famoso pickit2 modificado no hay ningun plano en la web igual a este, este plano es producto de los demas pikit2 de los cuales me base para hacer este.
The document provides specifications for a class D audio amplifier circuit using an IRS2092 integrated circuit. It includes 3 sentences summarizing key points:
The document outlines specifications for efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), frequency response, output power, voltage gain, self-oscillation frequency, dead time, turn on transient, components stress, power loss in MOSFETs, short circuit response, and simulated performance with different field effect transistors (FETs). Graphs and simulation results are provided to evaluate performance across operating conditions including efficiency around 93% and THD less than 0.015% at 1kHz and 10W into a 4 ohm load. Frequency response is specified to be within ±1dB from 20
The document contains a series of equations relating various variables including RX, M, N, P, and others. It also includes four tables of data with values for M, N, P, Rx, and the difference between two Rx values. The text discusses taking the natural log of ratios involving RX, M, N, and P in the equations and analyzing the relationships between the variables.
The document discusses key project management concepts including scope, time, cost, quality, risk, and value. It includes graphs showing the planned, actual, and estimated values over time for scope, cost, and schedule performance. The graphs reveal that the project is over budget, behind schedule, and over scope. Metrics like CPI and SPI are below 1, indicating the project is overrunning costs and schedule. The estimated cost at completion is higher than the original budget, showing that the project will require additional funding.
The document contains graphs and tables of experimental data relating the variables M, N, P, and Rx. It also includes equations relating these variables and analyses the relationship between Rx and the variables M, N, and P through linear regression.
Graphene hybrid composite is produced through pyrolysis of a solid carbon source using a specific catalyst. At different catalyst concentrations, different carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotubes or graphene platelets are produced. Graphene hybrid composite produced with an intermediate catalyst concentration shows high conductivity, higher than carbon nanotubes or graphene flakes alone. It has applications as an electrode material for lithium batteries, in super capacitors, and as a conductive material.
This document describes a mathematical approach to generating a pure sine wave using a microcontroller. It divides the sine wave into small segments to approximate the shape. The microcontroller then produces a pulse train that is fed to a MOSFET switching circuit and transformer to generate the output sine wave. Testing showed the output had 5-8% total harmonic distortion, with the second and third harmonics being the largest. Software code is included to control the system and generate the pulse-width modulation signal.
This document provides specifications for two types of cleanroom recessed lighting units: 2X 4 T5 and 2.5X 5 T8.
The T5 unit has higher luminous efficiency at 76.3 lm/w compared to 76.9 lm/w for the T8. Both units have aluminum casing that is lightweight for easy installation and reduces ceiling load.
Key characteristics include dust-proof design for cleanroom use, high luminous efficiency, lightweight aluminum frame, thin and flush design for walkable access, and on-site installation examples.
This document summarizes the benefits of Infinity's induction lighting fixtures for signs and roadways. [1] Their induction lamps last up to 100,000 hours, significantly longer than other lighting technologies, reducing maintenance costs. [2] The fixtures withstand a wide range of temperatures and are rated for wet locations. [3] They provide high quality, color-corrected light output and have instant restrike, improving safety.
Development Of Non Aqueous Asymmetric Hybrid Supercapacitors Part INakkiran Arulmozhi
This document describes the development of a hybrid supercapacitor combining lithium-ion battery electrodes and carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes. Specifically, it discusses synthesizing lithium manganate and doped lithium manganate compounds as cathode materials, and using carbon nanofoam as the anode material. The hybrid supercapacitor is fabricated and undergoes electrochemical characterization through impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge testing to analyze its performance.
This resume summarizes Muhammad MarZouK's education, certifications, work experience, achievements, skills, and objectives. He has a bachelor's degree in mechanical design and is certified in project management, quality auditing, and Lean Six Sigma. His experience includes roles in production planning, maintenance engineering, IT, and marketing. Key achievements involve establishing quality control systems, improving processes, and increasing productivity. His objectives are to present his qualifications and strengths to potential employers.
1. The document contains engineering drawings with dimensions in millimeters for a structure consisting of multiple parts labeled A, B, C, etc.
2. It includes views of the structure from different angles with labels showing distances and angles between parts.
3. The drawings also specify tolerances, materials, scales, and were created by David Gustafsson in 2007.
The document discusses signal generators and oscillator circuits. It covers oscillators and feedback conditions, oscillator circuits using LC resonators, quartz resonators operating at 32768Hz, and the 555 timer IC. Example circuits shown include a multi-vibrator, one-shot, and circuits combining multiple 555 timers for applications like laser alignment and audio generation.
Evidence Of Bimodal Crystallite Size Distribution In Microcrystalline Silico...Sanjay Ram
It is known that there is a bimodal size distribution in microcrystalline silicon. How can the deconvolution of the Raman spectra be done with incorporation of a bimodal CSD to obtain more accurate and physical picture of the microstructure in this material?
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Robust Welding Schedules Sheet Metal Welding ConferenceGajendra Tawade
The document presents the results of experimental spot welding trials to develop robust welding lobes for DP600 steel. Single pulse and enhanced double pulse welding schedules were tested to weld DP600 to itself and to HSLA steel. Analysis of the weld nugget growth showed that an enhanced double pulse with 87.5% current intensity on the second pulse produced wider welding lobes compared to a single pulse. Wider welding parameter windows allow for greater flexibility during vehicle assembly.
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors presents How to Read a Datasheet Part 1 of 2 - Typical/Maximum Characteristics and Binning as part of the LED Fundamentals section on the LED Light Site. In this presentation we examine the key parameters specified on the first half of an LED datasheet from OSRAM Opto Semiconductors. The datasheet captures some of the most important technical characteristics of an LED. These include electrical, optical and thermal quantities, knowledge of which is paramount for an LED system design. Also, it has information on ordering codes, labeling and packaging of the LEDs. Fan us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/OSRAMLEDLight and visit our website for more information http://ledlight.osram-os.com/
In this presentation we will look at the differences between optical and lighting software, when each type of software should be used, and appropriate light source models for each software type.
In this presentation we will look at thermal interface materials, influencing factors for heat sink selection, and steps to identify the right heat sink for an LED system design.
In this presentation on Driving LEDs — AC-DC Power Supplies we will look at the typical circuit structure of AC-DC drivers, the importance of TRIAC dimmability and some standards covering drivers for LED systems.
In this presentation on Primary/Secondary Optics and Measurements, we will review various primary optic designs for OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Solid State Lighting LEDs and discuss resources for choosing secondary optics.
There are four main switch mode driver topologies used for LED systems: buck, boost, buck-boost, and flyback. Switch mode drivers are more efficient than discrete component or linear drivers. The presentation discusses the operation and advantages of each topology, including examples of driver ICs in each configuration. SEPIC configuration can regulate output voltage even when input voltage is higher or lower than output. Flyback topology allows for single or multiple outputs and is the most versatile.
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In this presentation, on Driving LEDs – Resistors and Linear Drivers, we will look at simple resistor based current regulation for LED systems and the use of linear drivers to regulate current in an LED system.
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When light encounters a surface, or travels from one media to another, several interactions are possible. For general lighting, we are typically interested in reflection, transmission, refraction, total internal reflection (which is really a special case of refraction), and absorption.
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2. Light and the Eye
The eye has incredible
dynamic range
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 2
3. Colorimetry
Colorimetry is the science that describes colors in terms of numbers.
Metamerism – different power spectra, same color coordinates
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 3
4. Colorimetry
Roughly speaking the retina of the human eye has photoreceptors for red green and
speaking, red, green,
blue.
Spectral distribution coefficients have been defined which allow us to compute color
coo d a es
coordinates.
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 4
6. CIE Chromaticity Diagram
(u′, v′) chromaticity diagram, also
known as the CIE 1976
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 6
7. Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)
• Temperature of a blackbody radiator
p y
closest in appearance.
• Attempt to use a single number to
characterize a full spectrum.
• Pl ki l
Plankian locus: colors of bl kb d
l f blackbody
radiators
• Judd lines: perpendicular to Plankian locus
in uv color space
• CCT: for colors on a Judd line, CCT is the
temperature of the blackbody radiator at
the intersection with the Plankian curve
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 7
8. Color Rendering Index (CRI)
Fair
50-70 CRI
Better
70-80 CRI
Best
80-100 CRI
Source: Energy Star
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 8
9. MacAdam Ellipse
Region in color space containing those
colors which are indistinguishable to the
average human eye from the color at the
center of the ellipse.
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 9
10. Example of OSRAM’s Binning Scheme
0.45
3000K
3500K 9
3-step MacAdams ellipses
8
4000K 7 Planck
6
4500K
0.40 5
5000K
4
W X
5700K
T U V
S
R
6500K
Q ANSI C78.377
P
O q
quadrangles
g
N
0.35 M 2500K
L
K 3000K
J
8 I
7 H 4000K
6 G
F
5
E
4 D
C
0.30
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.48
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 10
11. Disclaimer
All information contained in this document has been checked with the greatest care.
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH can however, not be made liable for any damage
that occurs in connection with the use of these contents.
OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH makes no representations and warranties as to a
possible interference with third parties' intellectual property rights in view of products
originating from one of OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's partners, or in view of
products being a combination of an OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's product and a
GmbH s
product of one of OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's partners. Furthermore, OSRAM
Opto Semiconductors GmbH cannot be made liable for any damage that occurs in
connection with the use of a product of one of OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's
partners, or with the use of a combination of an OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's
product and a product of one of OSRAM Opto Semiconductor GmbH's partners.
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 11
12. Disclaimer
This document constitutes neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation to buy or subscribe
for
f securities. Any such offer will b made solely on th b i of th S
iti A h ff ill be d l l the basis f the Securities
iti
Prospectus yet to be approved by the German Financial Supervisory Authority
(BaFin) and published thereafter. The information legally required to be provided to
investors will be contained only in the Securities Prospectus
Prospectus.
The information contained herein is not for distribution, directly or indirectly, in or
into the United States of America (including its territories and possessions of any
State of the United States of America or the District of Columbia) and must not be
distributed to U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act
of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act")) or publications with a general circulation in
the United States of America. This document is not an offer of securities for sale in the
United States of America. The securities have not been and will not be registered under
the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States of America
absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The
Issuer does not intend to register any portion of the offering in the United States of
America or to conduct a public offering of the securities in the United States of America.
This document is not an offer of securities for sale in the United Kingdom, Canada,
Japan or Australia
Australia.
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 12
13. Thank you for your attention.
LED Fundamentals | Colorimetry | Page 13